Development of New Green Feed for Large Water Surface Ecological Fishery

In view of the fact that cages and bait are not allowed in large water surface aquiculture,1-2 kinds of new green feeds"plankton+microecologics"were developed to solve the problems of yield reduction,slow growth and difficulty in fishing of aquatic organisms caused by extensive mode.The new green feed is ecological,environmentally friendly and residue-free,which not only supplements nutrition but also meets the requirements of environmental protection.

Nutritional Value of Lippia nodiflora( L. ) Greene as Feed

To analyze the nutritional value as feed,the aerial stem and leaves of Lippia nodiflora( L.) Greene and Phyla nodiflora( L.) Greene were sampled to measure the nutritional indices. The nutritional indices were also compared with common forage grass,and the development value of L. nodiflora as feed was analyzed. Compared with P. nodiflora,L. nodiflora had obvious fast-growing and high-yield abilities. The contents of crude fat,crude fiber,crude ash,lysine,vitamin C,Ca,and Fe in L. nodiflora were obviously higher than that in P. nodiflora,but the content of crude protein and total P in L. nodiflora were significantly lower than that in P. nodiflora. Compared with common forage feed ryegrass,alfalfa,millet straw and corn straw,L. nodiflora had higher contents of crude fat and crude ash and lower contents of crude fiber and crude protein. Therefore,L. nodiflora had higher development value as feed.

A Review of Feeding Behavior, Growth, Reproduction and Aquaculture Site Selection for Green-Lipped Mussel, <i>Perna viridis</i>

Green-lipped mussel, Perna viridis is a warm water mussel species that is distributed widely in the Indo-Pacific regions. It is a commercially important species and has demonstrated a great culture potential in tropical countries. The feeding behavior of P. viridis is influenced by both seston concentration and its nutritional values. It is shown the mussels exhibit higher ingestion rate when the organic content of the seston is higher. Interestingly, several studies have reported that P. viridis can demonstrate selective feeding behavior towards phytoplankton. Short term studies have shown that the P. viridis exhibits preferentially ingestion of dinoflagellates, while long term studies show that the P. viridis has a higher growth rate during diatom blooms. Nevertheless, spawning of P. viridis is induced by high primary productivity at relatively high sea water temperature. In the temperate countries, spawning is seasonal but normally occurs in summer. In the tropical countries, however, the P. viridis has been shown to spawn all year-round with two peaks which coincide with monsoon seasons. The site selection is critically important when considering the green mussel culture. Feasibility study for P. viridis farming is normally carried out first in order to evaluate the environmental conditions of the site. This paper attempts to review the current knowledge of biology, selective feeding behaviour, growth, reproductive and the aquaculture site selection methods for green-lipped mussel.

天然低共熔溶剂在植物提取物中的应用研究进展

植物提取物是畜禽饲料添加剂的重要组成部分,在畜禽养殖中起到抗氧化、抗炎、抗应激和提高生产性能的作用。目前植物提取物的制备多采用常规的有机溶剂(乙醇、氯仿和乙酸乙酯)提取,有机溶剂的易燃、易挥发和毒性会对提取人员造成伤害,提取后的废液会造成环境的污染。天然低共熔溶剂(natural deep eutectic solvents, NADESs)是一种以初级代谢产物等天然成分为原料的新型绿色提取溶剂,具有制备简单、低毒或无毒、价廉易得、可生物降解、可回收利用等优点,是未来替代传统有机提取溶剂的新型溶剂,已广泛应用到化工、食品、中药提取等技术领域。文章综述了天然低共熔溶剂在植物提取物中的最新应用进展,旨在为天然低共熔溶剂的推广和应用提供指导。

基于循环经济的绿色饲料产业高质量发展路径

在饲料产业发展过程中,循环经济能满足清洁、高效、可持续的要求,在给饲料产业带来可观经济效益的同时,有助于饲料产业的高质量发展。因此,要正视循环经济的作用和价值,深入了解循环经济与饲料产业的关系,通过增强环保意识、优化技术条件、加大资金投入、发挥人才优势、构建监督机制等方式转变饲料产业的传统生产结构,促进饲料产业的绿色转型升级。

基于生物信息学改造天然抗菌肽的研究

抗菌肽(AMPs)是一种小分子多肽,具有广谱抗菌、抗病毒、抗寄生虫、抗肿瘤细胞的作用,可促进动物生长发育,提高生产性能。因此,在替抗背景下,AMPs有望成为新型绿色“抗生素”。但天然AMPs存在抗菌活性低、毒性高、稳定性差等问题,限制了在畜禽生产中的应用。基于生物信息学方法,改造现有AMPs,可有效解决上述问题。文章综述了AMPs分子改造内容,常用的生物信息学分子设计和预测工具及改造AMPs的方法,为获得高活性且稳定的新型AMPs提供理论依据参考。

饲料蛋氨酸水平对绿鳍马面鲀幼鱼生长性能的影响

试验旨在研究饲料蛋氨酸水平对绿鳍马面鲀幼鱼生长性能的影响,确定其饲料中蛋氨酸的最适需求量。通过添加不同含量的DL-蛋氨酸(0、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%)配制出6种等氮、等能的试验饲料,实测饲料蛋氨酸含量分别为0.72%、1.00%、1.12%、1.27%、1.48%、1.67%。每个处理设3个重复,每个重复放养30尾幼鱼[鱼苗初始体重(3.50±0.02)g],养殖试验周期为12周。结果表明:添加0.6%蛋氨酸组鱼的终末均重、增重率和特定生长率显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);添加0.4%和0.6%蛋氨酸组的饲料系数显著低于添加0、0.2%、0.8%和1.0%蛋氨酸组(P<0.05);添加0.6%蛋氨酸组饲料蛋白质效率显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。添加0.4%和0.6%蛋氨酸组鱼体粗蛋白含量显著高于1.0%蛋氨酸组(P<0.05);添加0.2%、0.4%和0.6%蛋氨酸组鱼体粗脂肪含量显著低于0.8%蛋氨酸组(P<0.05)。添加0.4%蛋氨酸组鱼肌肉的各氨基酸含量均显著高于添加1.0%蛋氨酸组(P<0.05),与添加0、0.2%和0.6%蛋氨酸组相比较差异不显著(P>0.05)。添加0.6%蛋氨酸组鱼血清溶菌酶活力显著高于添加0、0.2%、0.8%和1.0%蛋氨酸组(P<0.05),血清谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活力显著低于添加0、0.2%和1.0%蛋氨酸组(P<0.05),鱼肝脏过氧化氢酶活力显著高于其余各组(P<0.05)。依据增重率与饲料蛋氨酸水平的折线模型分析,得出绿鳍马面鲀幼鱼饲料中蛋氨酸的最适需求量为1.27%,占饲料粗蛋白含量的2.50%。

抗菌肽种类、生物学功能及在畜禽生产中的应用

抗菌肽因具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤细胞和免疫调节等生物学功能,在人类抗肿瘤药物开发、食品加工和畜牧兽医领域受到广泛关注。在饲料中,添加抗菌肽可以提高畜禽生产性能,增强机体免疫力,表现出替代抗生素的良好潜力。本文综述了抗菌肽的种类、生物学功能及在畜禽生产中的应用,旨在全面、深入了解抗菌肽的作用,为开发新型绿色饲料添加剂提供参考,以推动抗菌肽在畜牧领域的广泛应用。

绿色饲料包装对我国饲料出口贸易的影响

在双循环背景下,为解决饲料产能增速放缓和国内市场趋于饱和的问题,各大饲料企业逐渐加快“走出去”的步伐,积极布局海外市场。随着我国饲料出口贸易规模的不断扩大,饲料企业面临的风险日益增加,如绿色壁垒。为此,饲料企业在转型升级和产业链整合过程中着重强调绿色发展,以技术创新为核心,构建绿色生产体系。并且绿色发展不仅限于绿色原料供给和绿色饲料添加剂研发,还要注重饲料衍生品的绿色环保,最典型的就是饲料包装。因为绿色饲料包装对我国饲料出口贸易存在一定影响,这种影响既有积极的一面也有消极的一面,因此,饲料企业需要针对消极影响制定应对策略。

青饲料收获机切碎装置设计与试验

在畜牧业中,青贮玉米是青贮饲料优质的原材料,相应的机器收获研究十分重要。切碎器是切割物料的核心工作部件,其结构直接影响最终饲料的切段质量及功率消耗等问题。为此,选用滚刀式切碎装置,并选取各种滚刀式结构的优点,设计了切碎装置。同时,分析刀片的结构、安装参数对其性能的影响,通过试验确定了较优工作参数,即滑切角10°、倾斜角5°、刃磨角25°、前倾角60°时,能够保证切碎装置工作稳定,切断均匀,功耗低。

青贮饲料制作技术研究进展

青贮制作旨在将青绿饲料转化为长期保存的饲料,同时保留其较好的营养价值和适口性。饲料青贮后可产生大量的益生菌,对保护畜禽肠道健康及提升机体免疫力具有重要作用。文章主要从制作青贮的原料分类、方式方法、技术流程进行综述,以期为裹包青贮新技术的推广及应用提供参考。

新形势下绿色食品生产资料饲料产业的发展模式及路径探索

[目的]为推进绿色食品生产资料饲料标志许可与推广应用工作,推动我国绿色食品养殖业高质量发展。[方法]通过总结和梳理绿色食品生产资料饲料产品的标志许可制度、显著特征、运行现状、发展模式,分析绿色生资发展存在的问题,探索提出新形势下绿色食品生产资料饲料发展的新路径和新模式。[结果]加快绿色食品生产资料饲料产业发展,还要在绿色生产资料饲料原料认定、标准体系构建、推广应用力度、品牌培育打造、饲料技术研发上下功夫。[结论]绿色食品生产资料饲料标志的推广应用,不仅能满足绿色食品养殖业发展需求,也为保障我国绿色优质农产品有效供给、助力农业绿色发展提供了有力保障。

碳交易市场与绿色电力政策的互动机理与实证研究

面向经济社会绿色转型发展目标,研究碳交易市场与绿色电力政策的关联关系和协调机制具有重要理论价值和实践意义。构建碳交易市场与绿色电力政策的互动模型,探讨绿色电力政策减排效果对碳市场配额价格传导的互动机理,研究发现,中国碳交易市场与绿色电力入网政策、绿证交易和绿电交易通过价格联动和供需关系产生交互影响。实证分析进一步验证,碳交易市场促进了碳排放,绿色电力政策抑制了碳排放,二者协同的作用是抑制了碳排放,但是抑制的程度比单独使用绿色电力政策时轻。立足上述理论与实证分析,提出提升碳交易市场与绿色电力政策协同性的政策启示,为实现绿色转型和高质量发展提供决策支撑。

低碳经济背景下生态旅游与绿色饲料产业的协同发展

在低碳经济背景下,饲料产业结构正在不断调整,力求逐步淘汰落后产能,提高能源利用率。与此同时,随着人们环保意识的增强,带动市场对生态旅游的需求,并相继出现了牧业旅游、休闲农业、乡村旅游等三产融合体。而饲料产业作为种植业和畜牧养殖业的纽带,为生态旅游与绿色饲料产业的协同发展提供了良好基础。因此,在产业协同发展的过程中,既要强化地方政府的引导作用,做好生态旅游规划,又要寻求当地村民的支持和帮助,完善生态旅游的基础设施建设,这样才能兼顾生态旅游与绿色饲料产业的生态效益、经济效益,实现饲料产业的可持续发展。

乡村振兴背景下饲料企业绿色转型路径研究

乡村振兴战略的提出为饲料企业的发展指明了方向。在推动饲料企业高质量发展的过程中,农村地区开启了全面复苏和繁荣发展的序幕。饲料企业不仅在农业产业结构中占有十分重要的地位,而且直接关系到农村居民的就业和经济收入水平。饲料企业要想助力乡村振兴,需要以技术创新为核心,积极研发无毒、无残留、无副作用的饲料产品,从而让饲料企业走上绿色转型的发展路径,有效实现生态美、产业强、农民富的乡村振兴目标。

生物活性饲料对青山羊免疫水平的影响

生物活性饲料是一种提高青山羊免疫水平的新型饲料,在现代饲养技术中广泛使用,在饲料工业中具有非常广阔的应用前景。文章详细论述了生物活性饲料对青山羊免疫水平的影响,以期为生物活性饲料的推广提供参考。

SYBR~ Green qPCR Screening Methods for Detection of Anti-herbicide Genes in Genetically Modified Processed Products

The use of genetically modified organisms （GMOs） as food products becomes more and more widespread. The European Union has implemented a set of very strict procedures for the approval to grow, import and/or utilize GMOs as food or food ingredients. Thus, analytical methods for detection of GMOs are necessary in order to verify compliance with labelling requirements. There are few effective screening methods for processed GM （genetically modified） products. Three anti-herbicide genes （CP4- EPSPS, BAR and PAT） are common exogenous genes used in commercialized transgenic soybean, maize and rice, In the present study, a new SYBR Green qPCR screening method was developed to simultaneously detect the three exogenous anti-herbicide genes and one endogenous gene in a run. We tested seven samples of representative processed products （soya lecithin, soya protein powder, chocolate beverage, infant rice cereal, maize protein powder, maize starch, and maize jam） using the developed method, and amplicons of endogenous gene and transgenic fragments were obtained from all the processed products, and the sensitivity was 0.1%. These results indicated that SYBR Green qPCR screening method was appropriate for qualitative detection of transgenic soybean, maize and rice in processed products.

绿色经济增长背景下中小饲料企业环境会计信息披露的研究

随着可持续发展理念的普及和经济全球化步伐的深入,人们开始反思过快经济发展背后引发的一系列生态问题。基于此,发展绿色经济、促进生态文明建设已成为当下时代发展的重要趋势。在此背景下,我国中小饲料企业开始向绿色经济的方向发展,企业环境会计信息披露就是在此形势下逐步开展起来的。企业环境会计以传统会计为基础,在整体要素上融合了环境因素,环境会计信息披露可以让中小饲料企业更清晰地了解企业经营模式与现状,更好地规划企业今后的发展方向。

Challenges of Renewable Forest Fuels for Green Electricity Market

In this study, strategic electricity market scenarios are considered in a grid of Scandinavia. This multiple-objective decision environment includes the allocation of a number of renewable forest fuel procurement chains to a combined heat and power plant in Finland. The decision environment includes also electricity procurement from Sweden and Russia. The environment is further complicated by sequence-dependent operations of the local procurement chains during different periods. Due to the complex nature of the environment, multiple-objective methods cannot be directly used to solve the electricity production problem in a manner that is techno-economically relevant to the forest energy industry. Therefore, local and time-varying parameters were measured in local wood procurement conditions to improve the solution method. Using these measurements the smart decision-support system automatically adjusted the multiple-objective methodology to better describe the combinatorial complexity of the production sector. The properties of this methodology are discussed and three scenarios of how the system works based on local real-world data and optional feed-in tariff of green electricity are presented. The Finnish electricity market is subject to policy decisions regarding green energy production regulations. These decisions should be made on the basis of local techno-economic analysis presented in this study accounting for the effects of forest operations on the electricity production and import.

甘肃不同青饲玉米品种产量、农艺性状及营养品质评定

对分别种植在雨养区(甘肃会宁)和灌溉区(甘肃武威)的20个青饲玉米(Zea mays)品种乳熟期产量、农艺性状及营养品质进行评定,以期为甘肃不同区域优质青饲玉米品种的筛选及种植提供理论依据。结果表明,种植在灌溉区所有青饲玉米品种的干重均高于雨养区;雨养区‘豫青贮23’的干重最高,较‘晋单73’提高73.28%,灌溉区‘豫玉22’的干重高于其他品种。雨养区‘陇单10号’穗部性状(穗长、穗粗和穗重)较其他品种表现突出(P<0.05),灌溉区‘蜀玉201’表现最突出(P<0.05)。雨养区,‘延科288’的淀粉含量最高,且中性洗涤纤维含量较‘屯玉168’低80.86%,而‘桂青贮1号’的粗蛋白含量高于其他品种;灌溉区,‘晋单73’的淀粉含量则高于其他品种,且中性洗涤纤维的含量较‘利单295’低53.29%,而‘北农青贮208’的粗蛋白含量最高。灰色关联度分析表明,雨养区‘蜀玉201’‘豫玉22’‘延科288’的综合表现最好,适宜在雨养区种植,而灌溉区‘晋单73’‘蜀玉201’的综合表现最好。