Research on Micro Technology of Microclimate Environment in Urban Green Space Based on Humanization Concept

To create a comfortable microclimate environment,the design methods of green layout and green structure of four common forms of urban green space(park green space,road green space,waterfront open green space,and green space between houses)were discussed,and the modes"concentric three rings"and"three-layer sandwich cake",as well as the matching principles of three-dimensional green elements of trees and shrubs with lawn and hard matrix elements,were proposed.

Climate Change: Droughts and Increasing Desertification in the Middle East, with Special Reference to Iraq

Climate change impacts on Earth’s atmosphere have caused drastic changes in the environment of most regions of the world. The Middle East region ranks among the worst affected of these regions. This has taken forms of increasing atmospheric temperatures, intensive heat waves, decreased and erratic precipitation and general decline in water resources;all leading to frequent and longer droughts, desertification and giving rise to intensive and recurrent (SDS). The present conditions have led to increasing emissions of (GHG) in the earth atmosphere. All future projections especially those using (IPCC) models and emission scenarios indicate that the Middle East will undergo appreciable decrease in winter precipitation with increasing temperature until the end of this century both of which are inductive to increased dryness and desertification. Iraq as one of the countries of this region and due to its geographical location, its dependence mostly on surface water resources originating from neighboring countries, long years of neglect and bad land management put it in the most precarious and unstable position among the other countries of the region. Modelling studies have shown that Iraq is suffering now from excessive dryness and droughts, increasing loss of vegetation cover areas, increasing encroachment of sand dunes on agricultural lands, in addition to severe and frequent (SDS). These negative repercussions and their mitigations require solutions not on the local level alone but collective cooperation and work from all the countries of the region.

Impacts of Climate Change in Portugal:Common Perception of Causes and Consequences in Forest Development

Presently the world faces what most likely will be the greatest challenge humanity has ever faced.Climate change is a phenomenon,or rather a set of phenomena,that directly influences the daily lives of human populations all over the planet.However,this influence normally negative also affects ecosystems,with emphasis on agroforestry systems,of which human populations are directly dependent on food and in a large number of primary raw materials.It is with this premise as a starting point that this work makes an analysis on the current state of climate change in Portugal,since,being a country of Mediterranean climate influence,it should be one of the territories where changes will be felt with more intensity and severity.In this work,the current position on energy production in Portugal regarding Green House Gases(GHGs)emissions and the evolution prospects for the near future,namely in the perspective of the impacts caused on forest resources,are discussed.

Effects of Chemical Mutagen(Sodium Azide)on Onion Grown in Organic and Inorganic Fertilized Soil

The effects of chemical agent(Sodium Azide)on Onion growing in organic and inorganic fertile soil was to be examined during this study.The analy­sis work was carried out within the green house of the research laboratory technology of the Oke Ogun Science Laboratory Technology,Saki,Oyo State.Onion seeds were soaked inside different beakers containing the mixture of Sodium Azide and water mixed with 10 ml of Phosphate solu­tion for 4 hours.Also,the control was soaked with normal water and 10 ml of Phosphate buffer solution.The treated seeds of onions was planted in plastic containers containing 4.2 g of weighed humus soil within the green house at the Department of research lab Technology of The Oke Ogun poly­technic school,Saki Oyo State.The samples parameter were taken daily for six consecutive months.The result obtained was additionally subjected to statistical analysis by using DMRT techniques.The results showed that the stem length was ranged from 11.39±0.62 and 9.98±0.52 with sample of onion without sodium Azide and inorganic had the highest stem length values and samples of onion with Sodium Azide and inorganic had very cheap stem length.However,the leave length ranged from 29.63±0.12 and 22.45±0.10 with the Onion samples with inorganic and Organic fertilizers which had the highest leave length and sample of onion without Sodium Azide was very low leave length.The results of this study showed that each one the parameters studied within the plant were low with Sodium Azide treatment.The decrease in plant growth,plant heights,root lengths,and Phaonerogam survival,fruit yield per plant and height at maturity with agent concentration.It is hereof suggested that Sodium Azide(NaN3)was expected to produce mutation in onion that area unit extremely liable to harmful pathogens and making them cheap to be useful for farmers.

RED WoLF hybrid energy storage system: Algorithm case study and green competition between storage heaters and heat pump

Green house gases reduction is critical in current climate emergency and was declared as major target by United Nations.This manuscript proposes the progressive adaptive recursive multi threshold control strategy for hybrid energy storage system that combines thermal storage reservoirs,heat pumps,storage heaters,photovoltaic array and a battery.The newest control strategy is tested in numerical experiment against primal dual simplex optimisation method as benchmark and previous iterations of RED WoLF threshold approaches.The proposed algorithm allows improvement in reduction of CO_(2) emissions by 9%comparatively to RED WoLF double threshold approach and by 26%comparatively to RED WoLF single threshold approach.Besides,the proposed technique is at least 100 times faster than linear optimisation,making the algorithm applicable to edge systems.The proposed method is later tested in numerical experiment on two measured datasets from Luxembourg school and office,equipped with batteries and ground source heat pumps.The system allows the reduction of CO_(2) emission and improvement of self-consumption,size reduction of the photovoltaic array installed at the facilities by at least by half as well as substituting battery storage by thermal storage,reducing the initial investment to the system.Intriguingly,despite 3.6 times difference in efficiency between heat pumps and storage heaters,the system equipped with latter have potential to achieve similar performance in carbon reduction,suggesting that energy storage have more prominent carbon reduction effect,than the power consumption,making cheaper systems with storage heaters a possible alternative to heat pumps.

Evaluation of strategies for the subsequent use of CO_(2)

If substantial amounts of CO_(2),which according to actual scenarios may in the future be captured from industrial processes and power generation,shall be utilized effectively,scalable energy efficient technologies will be required.Thus,a survey was performed to assess a large variety of applications utilizing CO_(2) chemically(e.g.,production of synthesis-gas,methanol synthesis),biologically(e.g.,CO_(2) as fertilizer in green houses,production of algae),or physically(enhancement of fossil fuel recovery,use as refrigerant).For each of the processes,material and energy balances were set up.Starting with pure CO_(2) at standard conditions,expenditure for transport and further process specific treatment were included.Based on these calculations,the avoidance of greenhouse gas emissions by applying the discussed technologies was evaluated.Based on the currently available technologies,applications for enhanced fossil fuel recovery turn out to be most attractive regarding the potential of utilizing large quantities of CO_(2)(total capacity>1000 Gt CO_(2))and producing significant amounts of marketable products on one hand and having good energy and material balances on the other hand(t_(CO_(2)-emitted)/t_(CO_(2)-utilized)<0.2-0.4).Nevertheless,large scale chemical fixation of CO_(2)providing valuable products like fuels is worth considering,if carbon-free energy sources are used to provide the process energy and H2 being essential as a reactant in a lot of chemical processes(e.g.,production of DME:t_(CO_(2)-emitted)/t_(CO_(2)-utilized)>0.34).Biological processes such as CO_(2) fixation using microalgae look attractive as long as energy and CO_(2) balance are considered.However,the development of effective photobioreactors for growing algae with low requirements for footprint area is a challenge.