The Research on System for Green Manufacturing Assessment

In the 20th century, manufacturing industries created a great amount of wealth for mankind, but they also caused the serious environmental pollution. Therefore, the implementation of green manufacturing will be imperative for manufacturing industries in the 21st century. The philosophy of sustainable development is necessarily and importantly used in the enterprise survival and progress. So, the green manufacturing prevails in the whole world, which appeals to the research from lots of experts and governments. However, how we can assess the green degree of the product becomes a significant problem to us. From the sustainable development view, it is pointed out in this paper how an enterprise can properly assess the green degree of the green products, which uses different indexes to measure the different influence.

Opportunities and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence for Green Manufacturing in the Process Industry

Smart manufacturing is critical in improving the quality of the process industry. In smart manufacturing, there is a trend to incorporate different kinds of new-generation information technologies into process- safety analysis. At present, green manufacturing is facing major obstacles related to safety management, due to the usage of large amounts of hazardous chemicals, resulting in spatial inhomogeneity of chemical industrial processes and increasingly stringent safety and environmental regulations. Emerging informa- tion technologies such as arti cial intelligence (AI) are quite promising as a means of overcoming these dif culties. Based on state-of-the-art AI methods and the complex safety relations in the process industry, we identify and discuss several technical challenges associated with process safety: ① knowledge acquisition with scarce labels for process safety;② knowledge-based reasoning for process safety;③ accurate fusion of heterogeneous data from various sources;and ④ effective learning for dynamic risk assessment and aided decision-making. Current and future works are also discussed in this context.

A Decision-Making Framework Model of Cutting Fluid Selection for Green Manufacturing and the Case Study

Pursuing the green manufacturing (GM) of products i s very beneficial in the alleviation of environment burdens. In order to reap such benefits, green manufacturing is involved in every aspect of manufacturing proc esses. During the machining process, cutting fluid is one of the main roots of e nvironmental pollution. And how to make an optimal selection for cutting fluid f or GM is an important path to reduce the environmental pollution. The objective factors of decision-making problems in the traditional selection of cutting flu id are usually two: quality and cost. But from the viewpoint of GM, environmenta l impact (E) should be considered together. In this paper, a multi-object d ecision-making model of cutting fluid selection for GM is put forward, in which the objects of Quality (Q), Cost(C) and Environmental impact (E) are considered together. In this model, E means to minimize the environmental impact, Q means to maximize the quality and C means to minimize the cost. Each objective is anal yzed in detail too. A case study on a decision-making problem of cutting fluid selection in a gear hobbing process is analyzed, and the result shows the model is practical.

A model for end-of-life vehicles management based on green manufacturing

Like any industrial product, the vehicles also do have end of their service lives and ultimately result in end-of-life vehicle (ELV) at a certain stage of the vehicle life. The concern of this paper is to make a general review on ELV management process and present a model for ELV management on the basis of green manufacturing so as to reduce the environmental impact and minimize the resources loss due to the ELVs. The various phases of vehicle life cycle starting from design, manufacturing and utilization, occurrence of ELV and then the storage, depollution, dismantling and finally the shredding and post shredder material processing phases of ELV for the resources recovery, all of these phases need to be considered to give totality to the model, which makes end-of-life vehicles management more benign for environment, and more efficient for the usage of resources.

Green transformation of manufacturing industry for ecological protection in Jiangsu Province

Under the new normal economy, the manufacturing industry is developing rapidly as the focus of economic development in Jiangsu. Its rapid development has brought great opportunities to our society, but at the same time, great challenges has been brought to the natural environment. The resource consumption and environmental pollution problems have become increasingly prominent. In the face of this situation, we must try every means to reduce pollution and save energy. Therefore, the transition trend of manufacturing industry in the future is bound to take the green economy as the background. Thus, this paper analyzes the drawbacks of the manufacturing industry in Jiangsu province. And the status of traditional manufacturing enterprises and advantages of green manufacturing are analyzed. Then, the paper proposed to explore the practice of green manufacturing mode for the ecological protection, so as to achieve the industrial transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry in Jiangsu province.

A Framework for Implementation of Green Manufacturing in Customized Products Manufacturing Enterprises

An increase in public environmental awareness and pressures from the government’s determination to deal with environmental problems force manufacturers to implement green manufacturing(GM).However,since managers and stakeholders lack understanding of GM and its complexity,the manufacturing enterprise,especially the small and medium ones,are constantly facing the problems of how to make a reasonable decision for an environmental problem,and the adopted approaches have no clear payoffs.The customized design,flexible production,and diversified services in customized production make the problems more challenging.In order to solve this problem,this paper proposes a framework for the implementation of GM in customized products manufacturing enterprises(CPME).A three-layer framework,i.e.,the goal layer,the product life-cycle layer and the supporting layer,is designed to provide a methodology to help implement GM.In this model,the GM practice processes are divided into four stages from the life-cycle perspective,i.e.design,production,use,and disposal.The preliminary practice of GM in an electrical product manufacturing company is carried out,and the implementation effect shows that the system framework is helpful to make a comprehensive understanding of GM and to improve the operability of GM practices.The integrated product model is an effective way to integrate the life cycle data.

A decision-making model of gear process for green manufacturing

A decision-making model of gear process for green manufacturing is presented, which integrates the five objectives including the time, quality, cost, resource consumption and environmental impact of gear process together into the development of a strategy. Mathematical description is provided for the multi-objectives decision-making model. The expert judgment and the multi-fuzzy assessment theory are introduced to do sensible comparisons and give quantitative results. A case study on practical cutting tool selection in gear machining demonstrates that the proposed model is applicable.

The optimization method of industrial robot arm structure based on green manufacturing technology

In order to realize the optimal design of the industrial robot arm structure,an optimization method of the industrial robot arm structure based on green manufacturing technology is proposed.The stability of arm structure parameter acquisition can be controlled.The quantitative adjustment model of structural optimization parameters is constructed.The differential fusion control of the arm structure is realized.This paper analyzes the structure parameter law of the robot arm.We use dynamic parameter prediction and output torque parameter compensation method to control the arm structure.According to the adaptive iterative processing results,the arm structure parameter identification is realized.According to the identification results,the cutting parameter optimization method is adopted for the analytical control of the arm structure,and finally the optimized design of the industrial robot arm structure is realized through the green manufacturing technology.The simulation test results show that for the accuracy of the industrial robot arm structure design,this method is better,the output stability is higher,and the arm motion trajectory has a low deviation from the actual motion trajectory,which improves the optimization control and design capabilities of the industrial robot arm structure.

On the Method of Air Jet Cooling in Green Manufacturing

Green cooling is an important technology in green manufacturing. In the way of jetting, cooling airflo-w in used in the experiments of metal material cutting, by comparison of the changes of some technological factors, such as cutting heat, surface finish, in the process of jet cooling, pour cooling and natural cooling, we can draiv the conclusion that air jet cooling has a better cooling effect and green function. It can be 'widely used in both traditional and automatic green manufacturing.

Green manufacturing for achieving carbon neutrality goal requires innovative technologies:A bibliometric analysis from 1991 to 2022

Recent years have seen a significant increase in interest in green manufacturing as a key driver of global carbon-neutral efforts and sustainable development.To find the research hotspots of green manufacturing and reveal future research trends,this study reviewed and analyzed research articles from the Web of Science database on green manufacturing from1991 to 2022 using a bibliometric method.The findings indicate a significant rise in the number of articles related to green manufacturing since the 2010s.Moreover,there has been an increase in the involvement of scholars from developing countries such as China and India in this field.Based on the literature review and bibliometric cluster analysis on green manufacturing,we believed that future research may continue following the lines of intelligent technology integration,adoption of frontier engineering techniques,and industry development in line with carbon reduction targets.A framework for future green manufacturing development is proposed,with a focus on Chinese policies.The framework could provide policy implications for developing countries looking to pursue opportunities for development in green manufacturing.

Study on the Preparation Process Optimization of Plywood Based on a Full Biomass Tannin-Sucrose Wood Adhesive

Biomass adhesive is conducive to decreasing the dependence of the wood adhesive industry on synthetic resin based on fossil resources and improving the market competitiveness of adhesives.It is also a critical breakthrough to realize the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in the wood industry.In this study,a full biomass wood adhesive composed of tannin and sucrose was developed and applied successfully to the preparation of ply-wood.The preparation technique of plywood was optimized,and the chemical structure,curing performance,crystallization property and thermal performance of the adhesive were investigated.Results showed that:(1)hot-pressing temperature played a decisive role in the performances of tannin-sucrose composite adhesives and it also had a very significant influence on the water resistance of plywood.(2)The preparation of tannin-sucrose composite adhesive was a process in which sucrose was transformed into furan aldehydes and then made cross-linking reaction with tannin.These composite adhesives could only get good bonding performances when the curing temperature was above 210℃.(3)The optimal plywood preparation technique was:hot-pressing tem-perature of 220℃,hot-pressing time of 1.2 min/mm,m(tannin):m(sucrose)of 60:40,and adhesive loading of 160 g/m^(2).The wet bonding strength in boiling water of the prepared plywood was 0.83 MPa,meeting the strength requirements of Type-I plywood in the standard of GB/T 17657-2013.(4)The curing temperature of tannin-sucrose composite adhesive was further decreased by lowering the temperature during the transformation of sucrose into 5-HMF,which was a key in subsequent research.

Methods for Integrating Energy Consumption and Environmental Impact Considerations into the Production Operation of Machining Processes

Energy consumption and environmental impact considerations of machining processes are viewed as important issues for the global trends towards sustainable manufacturing. The existing research of reducing energy consumption and environmental impacts of machining processes greatly focuses on design and planning activities, but is reasonably sparse for production operation activities. This paper explores a systematic methodology that incorporates energy consumption and environmental impact considerations into the production operation of machining processes. Firstly, the framework of the methodology is proposed to establish the generic procedures for integrating the above considerations in production operation activities. As the two key issues of the framework, the profile index value matrix is determined by valuing the individual quantity of energy consumption and environmental impacts of machining each job on each machine, and the multi-criteria models are constructed by the operational methods. Furthermore, with the guideline of the framework, the specific formulations are modeled by two sub-models for the parallel machine scheduling problem, in which makespan and energy consumption are the optimizing objectives as well as the constraints of environmental impact considerations. The specific formulations provide a practical method to integrate energy consumption and environmental impact considerations into the scheduling activity, and also can serve as a reference to other activities in the production operation. The case study for a batch of jobs, including seven kinds of gears in the machining shop floor, is presented to demonstrate the application of the specific formulations of the methodology. The proposed methodology provides potential opportunities for reducing energy consumption and environmental impacts in machining processes, and helps production managers in decision-making on the issues of energy consumption and environmental impacts in the production operation.

Using lean methodologies for economically and environmentally sustainable foundries

Lean manufacturing is often seen as a set of tools that reduce the total cost and improve the quality of manufactured products.The lean management philosophy is one which targets waste reduction in every facet of the manufacturing business;however,only recently have studies linked lean management philosophies with improving environmental sustainability.These studies suggest that lean manufacturing is more than a set of lean tools that can optimize manufacturing efficiencies;it is a process and mindset that needs to be integrated into daily manufacturing systems to achieve sustainability.The foundry industry,as well as manufacturing in general,has significant challenges in the current regulatory and political climate with developing an economically and environmentally sustainable business model.Lean manufacturing has proven itself as a model for both economic sustainability and environmental stewardship.Several recent studies have shown that both lean and green techniques and "zero-waste" policies also lead to reductions in overall cost.While these strategies have been examined for general manufacturing,they have not been investigated in detail for the foundry industry.This paper will review the current literature and describe how lean and green can provide a relevant framework for environmentally and economically sustainable foundries.Examples of lean and green technologies and techniques which can be applied to foundries in a global context will be described.

NOISE REDUCTION SCHEDULING METHOD IN A SHOP FLOOR AND ITS CASE STUDY

Noise reduction in a shop floor is one of the important parts of greenmanufacturing. In a shop floor machine tools are the main noise sources in a shop floor. A newapproach is discovered by investigation that the noise can be obviously reduced in a shop floor byoptimizing the scheduling between work pieces and machine tools. Based on the discovery, a newmethod of noise reduction is proposed. A noise reduction scheduling model in a shop floor isestablished, and the application of the model is also discussed. A case is studied, which shows thatthe method and model are practical.

Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision Making for Evaluating Aggregate Risk in Green Manufacturing

Industrial risk and the diversification of risk types both increase with industrial development. Many uncertain factors and high risk are inherent in the implementation of new green manufacturing methods. Because of the shortage of successful examples and complete and certain knowledge, decision-making methods using probabilities to represent risk, which need many examples, cannot be used to evaluate risk in the implementation of green manufacturing projects. Therefore, a fuzzy multiple attribute decision-making （FMADM） method was developed with a three-level hierarchical decision-making model to evaluate the aggregate risk for green manufacturing projects. A case study shows that the hierarchical decision-making model of the aggregate risk and the FMADM method effectively reflect the characteristics of the risk in green manufacturing projects.

A Model for Predicting Dynamic Cutting Forces in Sand Mould Milling with Orthogonal Cutting

Cutting force is one of the research hotspots in direct sand mould milling because the cutting force directly a ects the machining quality and tool wear. Unlike metals, sand mould is a heterogeneous discrete deposition material. There is still a lack of theoretical research on the cutting force. In order to realize the prediction and control of the cut?ting force in the sand mould milling process, an analytical model of cutting force is proposed based on the unequal division shear zone model of orthogonal cutting. The deformation velocity relations of the chip within the orthogonal cutting shear zone are analyzed first. According to the flow behavior of granular, the unequal division shear zone model of sand mould is presented, in which the governing equations of shear strain rate, strain and velocity are estab?lished. The constitutive relationship of quasi?solid–liquid transition is introduced to build the 2D constitutive equation and deduce the cutting stress in the mould shear zone. According to the cutting geometric relations of up milling with straight cutting edge and the transformation relationship between cutting stress and cutting force, the dynamic cutting forces are predicted for di erent milling conditions. Compared with the experimental results, the predicted results show good agreement, indicating that the predictive model of cutting force in milling sand mould is validated. Therefore, the proposed model can provide the theoretical guidance for cutting force control in high e ciency mill?ing sand mould.

Green Remanufacturing Engineering and Its Development Strategy in China

Made in China 2025 proposes that "develop the remanufacturing industry vigorously, implement highend remanufacturing, smart remanufacturing, and inservice remanufacturing, advance the identification of remanufacturing products, and promote sustainable and healthy development of the manufacturing industry".Remanufacturing is an extension of the manufacturing industry chain, and it is an important part of advanced manufacturing and green manufacturing. The product function, technical performance, greenness and economy of the remanufacturing products are no worse than those of the new products. The cost of remanufacturing products is only about 50% of new products. Remanufacturing can save energy 60%, and material 70%, so the adverse impact on the environment is significantly reduced. At present,China's remanufacturing industry is developing rapidly,and the manufacturing pilot has been in full swing.Meanwhile, the policies and regulations, basic theory,key technology, and industry standards of remanufacturing have been continuously innovated and completed.

Estimation of Fine Dust Particles Distribution in Machining Workshop Based on COwZ Model

Fine dust particles （diameter is less than 2.5 μm） generated during machining processes,especially dry cutting,are harmful to operators,because they remain suspended in the air for long time and have marked concentration gradients in workshop.Hence studies about cutting dust source states and indoor air quality prediction have been developed.However,few researches focus on the distribution state of the cutting dust,dynamic status of fine dust particles,and environment estimating of the machining workshop.The machining workshops have diversified architectural structures,complex working conditions,so the dust emission is sensitive dynamic.According to these features,after analysis of the static and dynamic influence factors,this paper proposes a method and establishes a model to estimate the fine dust particles distribution based on COwZ （COMIS （conjunction of multizone infiltration specialists） with sub-zones） model when only dry cutting is processed just needing various working parameters.And two key technologies are discussed：the description of the machine tools using sub-zones of COwZ model considering the local obstacle effects of machine tools themselves;description and implementation of dynamic process of cutting dust emission with a new concept of equivalent source strengths.At last,multi-point experiments in a hybrid ventilation machining workshop prove the method is practical.Good agreement was observed between the estimation results and the experimental measurements for the investigated conditions.The proposed method can supply reference data for green manufacturing.

Machining of Single‑Crystal Sapphire with Polysaccharide‑Bonded Abrasive Tool

A novel polysaccharide-bonded abrasive tool is proposed for the green machining of single-crystal sapphires.The prescription and manufacturing process of the proposed tool is designed,and the gelation property of polysaccharide by microwave treatment is investigated.Abrasive tool samples are fabricated,and a machining experiment on a single-crystal sapphire is performed.It is found that the crystallinity of polysaccharide gel decreases as the proportion of cross-linked polysaccharide increases.Abrasive tool samples with cross-linked polysaccharide present higher surface hardness.With the new abrasive tool,the surface quality of sapphire wafer can be significantly improved.This new tool with an abrasive to binder ratio of 2∶1 attains a material removal rate of 0.68μm/min.It is found that increasing the abrasive to binder ratio leads to better self-dressing performance but worse material removal ability and greater loss of abrasive tool materials.The validity of polysaccharide as an abrasive tool binder is preliminarily verified.

Sustainable Production of Surfactants from Renewable Resources

Surfactants are important chemical products,serving as emulsifiers and interfacial modifiers in the household detergents,personal care products,paints and coatings,foods,cosmetics,and pharmaceuticals industries.This review focuses upon recent advances in research and development to improve the ecological sustainability of surfactants throughout their life cycle,including derivation from renewable resources,production using green manufacturing principles,and improved biocompatibility and biodegradability during their consumer use and disposal stages.Biobased surfactants,derived from vegetable oils,polysaccharides,proteins,phospholipids,and other renewable resources,currently comprise approximately 24%of the surfactant market,and this percentage is expected to increase,especially in Asia.The use of renewables is attractive to consumers because of reduced production of CO2,a greenhouse gas associated with climate change.Enzymes can greatly increase process sustainability,through reduced use of organic solvent,water,and energy,and reduced formation of by-products and waste products.Among the enzymes being investigated for surfactant synthesis,lipases are the most robust,due to their relatively high biocatalytic activity,operational stability and their ability to form or cleave ester,amide,and thioester bonds.For enzymes to be robust catalysts of surfactants,further research and development is needed to improve catalytic productivity,stability and reduce their purchase cost.