Bargaining strategy of oil companies in international oil and gas development Projects-Based on a bilateral bargaining model

Bargaining between the host country and oil companies is very common to international oil and gas development projects.The existence of information asymmetry gives the host country an endogenous bargaining advantage.Foreign oil companies might change their unfavorable negotiating position by changing the order of bidding and adjusting bidding strategies.This paper introduces both factors into a bilateral bargaining model to study the impact of information asymmetry and bidding order on the strategy and equilibrium returns of oil companies.According to the ownership of the right to bid first,two scenarios are designed for the model to compare the equilibrium returns of the host country and oil companies.The results show that:1)There is a first-mover advantage in the process of bilateral bidding,so oil companies better bid first;2)The information asymmetry will lead to a higher nominal income ratio of oil companies and a lower nominal income ratio of the host country,but it doesn’t affect the total income ratio at all.

Development characteristics, models and strategies for overseas oil and gas fields

Based on about 20 years of accumulated experience and knowledge of oil and gas field development in overseas countries and regions for China's oil companies, the development features, ideas, models and plan designing strategies of overseas oil and gas fields were comprehensively summarized. Overseas oil and gas field development has ten major features, such as non-identity project resource, diversity of contract type, complexity of cooperation model, and so on. The overseas oil and gas field development aims at the maximization of production and benefit during the limited contract period, so the overseas oil and gas field development models are established as giving priority to production by natural energy, building large-scale production capacity, putting into production as soon as possible, realizing high oil production recovery rate, and achieving rapid payback period of investment. According to the overseas contract mode, a set of strategies for overseas oil and gas field development plans were made. For tax systems contracts, the strategy is to adopt the mode of "first fat and then thinner, easier in the first and then harder", that is, early investment pace, production increase rate, development workload and production were decided by the change of tax stipulated in the contract. For production share contracts, the strategy is to give priority to high production with a few wells at a high production recovery rate to increase the cost-oil and shorten the period of payback. For technical service contracts, the strategy is that the optimal production target and workload of the project were determined by the return on investment, so as to ensure that the peak production and stable production periods meet the contract requirements.

油气田开发企业合同能源管理应用研究

随着绿色生产理念的推广,合同能源管理得以迅速发展,已成为大中型企业实行节能管理的重要措施及手段,也是企业实现绿色发展采用的重要模式。油气田开发企业作为资源生产企业,在勘探、开发、生产过程中需要消耗大量能源资源,通过分析其实施合同能源管理的优点和存在的问题,以及合同能源管理模式的适用性,可积极探索适合油气田开发企业的能源合同管理模式,以实现油气田开发企业节能降耗和绿色发展。

敏感海域油气开发的生态环保技术创新与应用

针对邻近海洋生态红线区和海洋保护区等敏感海域的海洋油气开发项目,通过采用工程场址和管线路由精准优化技术,全生命周期的污染物源头控制与末端治理创新技术以及开创式环境风险防范与控制技术,更好地实现在保护海洋生态环境、降低环境风险的前提下开发海洋油气的目的。目前已摸索建立一套适合敏感海域的绿色油气开发模式,并取得了良好实践经验。

碳排放约束下中国油气企业绿色发展能力评价

在碳排放约束下,企业绿色发展能力的优劣将决定企业的高质量发展。以中国石油、中国石化、中国海油3家油气企业为研究对象,应用文本分析法,构建油气企业绿色发展能力评价指标体系,基于3家油气企业2011—2020年的面板数据,运用主成分分析法和超效率SBM-DEA模型对3家企业绿色发展能力进行评价,探究碳排放约束下油气企业的绿色发展能力现状及存在的问题。结果表明:以“三桶油”为代表的油气企业绿色发展能力较弱,且存在较大波动。温室气体及其他污染物排放量高等因素是导致企业绿色发展能力低的主要原因。最后为油气企业应对气候变化、减少碳排放、提高绿色发展能力提出针对性建议。(图5,表5,参27)