Large-scale Tazhong Ordovician Reef-flat Oil-Gas Field in the Tarim Basin of China

The Tazhong reef-fiat oil-gas field is the first large-scale Ordovician organic reef type oil-gas field found in China. Its organic reefs were developed in the early Late Ordovician Lianglitag Formation, and are the first large reefs of the coral-stromatoporoid hermatypic community found in China. The organic reefs and platform-margin grain banks constitute a reef-flat complex, mainly consisting of biolithites and grainstones. The biolithites can be classified into the framestone, baffiestone, bindstone etc. The main body of the complex lies around the wells from Tazhong-24 to Tazhong-82, trending northwest, with the thickness from 100 to 300 m, length about 220 km and width 5-10 km. It is a reef-flat lithologic hydrocarbon reservoir, with a very complex hydrocarbon distribution： being a gas condensate reservoir as a whole with local oil reservoirs. The hydrocarbon distribution is controlled by the reef complex, generally located in the upper 100-200 m part of the complex, and largely in a banded shape along the complex. On the profile, the reservoir shows a stratified feature, with an altitude difference of almost 2200 m from southeast to northwest. The petroleum accumulation is controlled by karst reservoir beds and the northeast strike-slip fault belt. The total geologic reserves had reached 297.667 Mt by 2007.

Mesozoic-Cenozoic Tectonics of the Yellow Sea and Oil-Gas Exploration

The purpose of the present study was to study the tectonics of the Yellow Sea. Although oilgas exploration has been undertaken for more than 30 years in the southern Yellow Sea, the exploration progress has achieved little. There are three tectonic periods with near N-S trending shortening and compression （260-200 Ma, 135-52 Ma and 23-0.78 Ma） and three tectonic periods with near E-W trending shortening and compression （200-135 Ma, 52--23 Ma and 0.78 Ma） at the Yellow Sea and adjacent areas during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The lndosinian tectonic period is the collision period between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze Plates, which formed the basic tectonic framework for the Yellow Sea area. There were strong intraplate deformations during the Yanshanian （200-135 Ma） and Sichuanian （135-52 Ma） periods with different tectonic models, which are also the main formation periods for endogenic metallic mineral deposits around the Yellow Sea. The three tectonic periods during the Cenozoic affect important influences for forming oil-gas reservoirs. The Eocene-Oligocene （52-23 Ma） is the main forming period for oil-gas sources. The Miocene-Early Pleistocene （23-0.78 Ma） was a period of favorable passage for oil-gas migration along NNE trending faults. Since the Middle Pleistocene （0.78 Ma） the NNE trending faults are closed and make good conditions for the reservation of oil-gas. The authors suggest that we pay more attention to the oil-gas exploration at the intersections between the NNE trending existing faults and Paleogene- Neogene systems in the southern Yellow Sea area.

Solution of pavement temperature field in“Environment-Surface”system through Green's function

In order to simplify the boundary conditions of pavement temperature field,the "Environment-Surface" system which considered the natural environment and pavement surface was established.Based on this system,the partial differential equations of the one-dimensional heat conduction in the pavement were established on the basis of the heat transfer theory.Furthermore,the function forms of the initial and boundary conditions of the equations were created through the field experiments.The general solution of the pavement one-dimensional heat conduction partial differential equations was acquired by using Green's function,and the explicit expression of pavement temperature field under specific constraint conditions was derived.For the purpose of analysis,the pavement temperatures in different seasons were calculated using the explicit expression of pavement temperature field,and the calculation accuracy was analyzed through the comparison between measured and calculated values.Then,the relationship between fitting accuracy and calculation accuracy of pavement temperatures was analyzed.The analysis results show that: the usage of "Environment-Surface" system simplifies the calculation of pavement temperature field; the relative error between calculated and measured values is generally less than 7% and is seldom influenced by seasons; there is a positive correlation between the calculation accuracy and the fitting accuracy of pavement surface temperature; high fitting accuracy would result in less error of pavement temperature prediction.

Effects of Amount of Green Manure Returned to Field on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

The effects of amount of green manure returned to field on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied by field experiment. The results showed that significant positive correlation existed between tobacco leaf yield and small or moderate amount of green manure returned to field. Path analysis showed that moderate amount of green manure returned to field affected yield and quality of tobacco leaves, small green manure returned to field mainly affected leaf yield, while large amount of green manure returned to field mainly affected leaf quality. Therefore, the effect of moderate amount of green manure returned to field on yield and quality of tobacco leaves was best, and moderate amount of green manure returned to field was recommended in production of flue-cured tobacco.

A NEW METHOD FOR SOLVING DYADIC GREEN'S FUNCTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD

A new method for solving electromagnetic field boundary value problem is given.Byusing this method,the boundary value problem of the vector wave equation can be transformedinto the independent boundary value problem of scalar wave equations and the two additionalvector differential operations.All the dyadic Green’s functions got by eigenfunction expansionof the dyadic Green’s function can be got by this method easily and some of the dyadic Green’sfunctions for complex systems which are very difficult to get by the ordinary method have beengot by this new method.The dyadic Green’s function for a dielectric loaded cavity is one of thegiven examples.

Green Prevention and Control Technology of Pests in Cotton Fields in Shandong Province

In order to better serve cotton farmers,green prevention and control technologies of pests are formulated according to the sowing,seedling and adult stages of cotton from the aspects of ecological prevention and control,physical prevention and control,biological control and scientific use of pesticides,thus realizing green prevention and control of pests during the whole growth period of cotton.

HALF-SPACE GREENS'S FUNCTION DUE TO A SPATIALLY HARMONIC LINE LOAD AND SCATTERED FIELDS IN THE FAR FIELD REGION

Half-space Green's function due to a spatially harmonic line load has been expressed as a sum of the full-space Green's functions and a 2-D integral representation of the reflected waves by the free surface of the half-space.By using the obtained half-space Green's function,an integral rep- resentation of the scattered waves by a cylindrical obstacle is then derived.Finally,by analyzing the far-zone behavior of the integrands of the integral representation.the far-field pattern of the scattered waves in a half-space obtained.

Effects of Green Manure Rotation on Rice Growth Dynamics and Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization

This study aimed to comprehensive evaluation of different winter green manure on characterization of nitrogen uptake and utilization, to provide the basis for N fertilizer reasonable operation and characteristics improvement of nitrogen nutrition in rice high-yield cultivation. This experiment was set to compare milk vetch, rapeseed,ryegrass and mixed of green manure on rice yield, rice growth dynamics and nitrogen uptake and utilization in rice. The results showed that among 4 different winter green manure, the treatment of MV-R-R（milk vetch-rice-rice） for the early rice yield was the most than others treatments. Compared with RG-R-R（ryegrass-rice-rice）, RPR-R（rapeseed-rice-rice）, MS-R-R（mixed green manure-rice-rice）, the treatment of MVR-R inceased by 6.61%, 3.29%, 0.78%, respectively. The treatment of MV-R-R in N content in plant of rice was maximized in the tillering, booting, heading and maturity periods, respectively higher than the average of other treatments 9.68%, 19.72%,6.23% and 8.66%. At tillering, booting, heading and maturity, the treatment of MV-R-R were the highest in N uptake, RP-R-R minimum. The N periodic accumulation for MV-R-R were higher than other treatments in the tillering to booting, booting to heading and heading to maturity periods. The rates respectively were 21.81%, 68.73% and286.5%. In addition, N periodic accumulation and its ratio to total in the heading to maturity was minimum, maximum before tillering under green manure rotation system.So the cropping system of milk vetch-rice-rice could increase nitrogen use efficiency and improve N cycling.

集中力作用下的两相饱和介质位移场Green函数

以复模两相饱和介质Ｂｉｏｔ动力学方程为基础，根据该方程Ｄ’Ａｌｅｍｂｅｒｔ解的Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ变换所属的Ｈｏｍｈｏｌｔｚ方程特性，由Ｂｉｏｔ方程解的相容性条件及δ函数性质较好地解决了快、慢纵波位势的耦合问题，较为简便地得到了两相饱和介质在集中力作用下低频（ω＜ωｃ）时的频域和时域的Ｇｒｅｅｎ函数．

饱和土中伴有排水问题爆炸场动力反应Green函数计算

饱和土在动力作用下伴有排水的反应是工程中常见的现象,其计算也是一个非常复杂的数学力学问题。根据已经求得的集中力作用下两相饱和介质Green函数基本解,得到球坐标的扩张源固相位移时域Green函数的表达式。再以物理的方法推导出球坐标中心扩张源时域流相的压力Green函数;以及相对应的注入流相后,场点的时域固相位移Green函数和流相压力Green函数的表达式。再结合导出的两相饱和介质Lamb方程,进行动力排水问题的计算,解决饱和土爆炸场中伴有排水的动力反应计算问题。

平面多层介质中时谐辐射场的Green函数

利用物理方法求解了平面分区介质中时谐辐射场的Green函数,以三层介质结构为例,给出系统的等效反射率和折射率。结果表明,当源点与场点在边层介质中时,其Green函数具有行波形式,复合介质层的作用可用系统等效参数描述;而内域介质层中的Green函数,则因介质界面对波的折射和多次反射,使之满足边界条件,因而还附有驻波形式的通解。

高频电磁场问题中的并矢Green函数方法

高频电磁辐射、散射问题中激励与响应之间的线性关系成立。这一关系可用一并矢变换函数给出。因此高频电磁场问题关键在于寻求并矢变换函数。并矢格林函数理论能够给出典型电磁场问题激励与响应之间的线性关系，借助高频电磁场的局域性原理、传播与绕射遵循的费马原理，极易求得高频电磁场问题的并矢变换函数。本文讨论了高频电磁场问题中的并矢格林函数方法，研究了并矢格林函数方法在寻求并矢变换函数中的应用，得到了部分工程问题的理论结果。

压电晶体表面激发的赝表面声波Green函数

赝表面声波(PSAW)是各向异性介质和压电介质中存在的一种特殊的表面波模式,它在声表面波技术中有重要的应用。基于我们发展的压电晶体表面激发理论,对压电晶体表面激发产生的赝表面波Green函数和相应的赝表面波波场给出了解析表达式。在分析了赝表面波Green函数存在的条件和性质后。结果给出了石英和LiNbO3赝表面波的Green函数数值计算。

旋波媒质中谱域电并矢Green函数的分解

介绍了一种推导无耗、互易和无界旋波媒质中谱域并矢Green函数表达式的新方法· 这种方法以Hemholtz定理以及并矢Diracδ函数的无散和无旋分解为基础,首先将电矢量的并矢Green函数方程分解成无散电矢量的并矢Green函数方程和无旋电矢量的并矢Green函数方程。

两相饱和介质中的集中力点源Green函数

通过对两相饱和介质 Ｂｉｏｔ 方程的变换，利用 Ｐｏｉｓｓｏｎ 方程和 Ｈｅｌｍ ｈｏｌｔｚ 方程性质，求解得到两相饱和介质在集中力点源作用下的位移场 Ｇｒｅｅｎ

丽江7.0级地震近场加速度的经验Green函数合成

根据已有的研究成果 ,建立了丽江主震的地震破裂模型。利用在两个场点上记录到的丽江地震最大余震M6 0的加速度 ,用经验Green函数法合成了主震在这两个场点上的加速度时程 ,计算了相应的反应谱 ,分析了地震破裂过程对震害的影响 ,发现两个场点的合成结果与地震所造成的宏观破坏现象是一致的。

瞬变电磁虚拟波场层状Green函数Born近似成像方法

瞬变电磁虚拟波场Born近似成像是通过Born近似对瞬变电磁虚拟波场方程进行线性化处理,求取速度扰动量实现成像的方法.Born近似采用半空间Green函数,在背景速度变化较大时成像分辨率较低.因此,本文从虚拟波场出发,建立辐射场与散射场满足的Helmholtz方程,导出层状介质Green函数表达式,将其应用于Born近似中,得到了基于层状介质格林函数的Born近似电导率计算公式和散射场关于速度扰动量的关系式,最终利用速度扰动量实现成像.通过对理论模型的实验计算,验证了利用层状模型Green函数的Born近似成像算法,能够重建地层电阻率分布,改善Born近似虚拟波动方程逆散射反演的垂向分辨率,获得较好的成像效果.对甘肃地区的实际资料处理结果表明,层状介质Green函数的Born近似,是一个精确度较高、稳定性好、有实际应用价值的成像方法.

Analytical prediction and field validation of transient temperature field in asphalt pavements

This work presented the development and validation of an analytical method to predict the transient temperature field in the asphalt pavement.The governing equation for heat transfer was based on heat conduction radiation and convection.An innovative time-dependent function was proposed to predict the pavement surface temperature with solar radiation and air temperature using dimensional analysis in order to simplify the complex heat exchange on the pavement surface.The parameters for the time-dependent pavement surface temperature function were obtained through the regression analysis of field measurement data.Assuming that the initial pavement temperature distribution was linear and the influence of the base course materials on the temperature of the upper asphalt layers was negligible,a close-form analytical solution of the temperature in asphalt layers was derived using Green's function.Finally,two numerical examples were presented to validate the model solutions with field temperature measurements.Analysis results show that the solution accuracy is in agreement with field data and the relative errors at a shallower depth are greater than those at a deeper one.Although the model is not sensitive to dramatic changes in climatic factors near the pavement surface,it is applicable for predicting pavement temperature field in cloudless days.

Research Progress on Application of Rape as Green Manure

Rape is a crop that can be widely used as a green manure.After returning to the field,it has the ability to fertilize and improve the quality of agricultural products.This paper summarized the application model of rape as a green manure and the decomposing characteristics of rape after being returned to the field,and clarified the ecological effects of returning rape to the field,with an attempt to provide scientific basis for the reasonable use of rape and nutrient management in farmland.

利用径向成层介质的Green函数和积分方程模拟含金属套管井间电磁场的响应

将径向成层介质Green函数的递推矩阵方法与积分方程的BCGS算法结合,模拟含金属套管轴对称二维井间电磁场的响应。计算结果表明,金属套管的存在导致井间电磁信号的强度变弱,且金属套管对井间电磁信号强度的衰减作用随频率的升高而增大。金属套管对磁感应强度幅度的影响近似恒定,与地层电导率无关。金属套管亦引起井间磁感应强度相位的变化,从而导致井间磁感应强度的实分量和虚分量存在'平移'现象。当套管电导率很小时,其对井间电磁信号的影响可忽略不计。当套管电导率增大到某一临界值时,井间磁感应强度将出现快速变化,该临界值与频率有关,频率越高临界值越小。