Analysis of the Influencing Factors and Key Driving Force concerning the Efficiency of Green Supply Chain of Fruits and Vegetables

Like the general green supply chain,the green supply chain of fruits and vegetables also requires low negative effects of the environment and high resource utilization rate,as well as the healthiness and freshness of fruits and vegetables.Currently,the level of development of the green supply chain of fruits and vegetables is low in China,and the freshness of fruits and vegetables can not be well maintained,so there is an urgent need to improve the operational efficiency of the green supply chain of fruits and vegetables.The operational efficiency of the green supply chain of fruits and vegetables is affected by many factors,and the most important factor is the incomplete consistency between the individual interests of supply chain members and the overall interests of supply chain.Therefore,the key driving force to improve the efficiency of green supply chain of fruits and vegetables is to build the scientific and rational collaborative decision-making mechanism of supply chain,in order to solve the problems concerning the green supply chain of fruits and vegetables,such as risk sharing,cost control and revenue allocation,thereby achieving the coordinated development of the green supply chain of fruits and vegetables.

Protective effect of Solanum Nigrum Linn green fruit ethanolic extract on alcoholic liver injury in mice

Alcoholic liver injury is a liver disease caused by excessive alcohol consumption,which can lead to chronic liver disease death.Solanum Nigrum Linn taste bitter,cold,has the effect of clearing heat and detoxification,promoting blood and detumescence.Solanum Nigrum Linn fruit contains a variety of antioxidant enzymes,can remove the body produced by aerobic metabolism harmful substances.In this paper,a model of alcohol-induced liver injury in C57BL/6 mice was established to evaluate the protective effect of Solanum Nigrum Linn green fruit(SNGF)ethanolic extract on alcohol-induced liver injury.H&E staining and oil red O(ORO)staining showed that hepatic lobules were clearly demarcated,vacuoles were significantly reduced and lipid droplets were reduced in SNGF ethanolic extract treatment group.Serum levels of TC,TG,LDH,TBA,AKP,ALT and AST were decreased in the SNGF ethanolic extract treatment group,and SNGF ethanolic extract could clear reactive oxygen species(ROS)in time.MDA content was signifi cantly decreased after SNGF ethanolic extract treatment,while superoxide dismutase(SOD)and GSH-Px contents were increased after SNGF ethanolic extract treatment.These results suggest that SNGF ethanolic extract has a protective effect on alcohol-induced liver injury.

Plantation of Fruit Tree and Its Application in Qiqihar’s Garden Greening

The sample survey methodology was used to investigate the concept of fruit trees planted in the Qiqihar City landscaping. The application effects of fruit trees in landscape were compared and the utilization features of fruit trees were analyzed. The most appropriate fruit trees species were selected and the optimum configuration types were proposed. The research results showed that from the perspective of the utilization of fruit tress in landscape in Qiqihar, the fruit trees species were not abundant and the quality was also not enough. The mostly used trees genera included Lonicera of Caprifoliaceae family, Viburnum, Sambucus, and Prunus, Ceraras, Pyrus, Malus belonging to Rosaceae family.

Alternate Two Different Modes of Actions of Green Chemicals to Combat Batrachedra amydraula Meyrick and Cadra cautella Walk on Date Palm Fruit, Egypt

Alternate two different modes of actions of green chemicals： spinosad ＆ methoxyfenozide to combat the lesser date moth, Batrachedra amydraula and the Almond moth, Cadra cautella Walk on dates in Dakhla Oasis, New Valley, Egypt were done in 2010 and 201 I. Based on infestation of the early insect pest B. amydraula, the three-rotation program with basic 1st spray of spinosad 24 SC at 20 mL/100 L showed insignificant difference. Based on minimum effective rotation doses, alternating spinosad 24 SC at 20 mL/100 L, then methoxyfenozide 24 SC at 15 mL/100 L with two-week interval showed zero infestation and 1.8% at the last sample of 2010 and 2011, respectively. Based on infestation of the late insect pest, Cadra spp., tlhe same previous trend of the three-rotation results. Based on minimum effective rotation doses, alternating spinosad 24 SC at 20 mL/100 L, then methoxyfenozid 24 SC at 15 mL/100 L with three-week interval indicated less than 1% and 1% infestation during harvest for 2010 and 201 l, respectively. The last reflected important value when storing the fruit. Both products proved to be working under dry hot high temperatures.

Rotate Two Different Mode of Actions of Green Chemicals to Combat Virachola livia （Klug） on Date Palm Fruit, Egypt

Alternation of two different modes of action of green chemicals： spinosad and methoxyfenozide to combat Virachola livia on dates in Dakhla Oasis, New Valley, Egypt, were done in 2010 and 2011. Based on infestation levels in fruit, the three spray programs including rotations with spinosad 24 SC at 20 mL/100 L were not significantly different. Based on minimum effective rotation doses, alternation of spinosad at 20 mL/100 L followed by methoxyfenozide 24 SC at 15 mL/100 L on a three-week interval showed 0.3% and 0.6% infestation, before harvest for 2010 and 2011, respectively, compared to check treatments which showed 33% and 70% infestations. Also, successful penetration and survival of V. livia （% live larvae） into the fruit by following a spinosad and methoxyfenozide rotation program resulted in 1.8% and 1% larvae, before harvest in 2010 and 2011, respectively, compared to fhait infestation levels of 97% and 89% in the untreated in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Fruit were penetrated by first instar larvae upon hatching, in case no chemical treatment. The last data reflect the excellent performance of this rotation. During the same period, reduction of the three rotation programs was 97.8%-100% and 99%-100% for 2010 and 2011, respectively. Both products proved to be working under dry hot temperatures in these areas.

Effect of Peaches, Pears and Green Tea on Plasma Lipids Profile and Antioxidant Content in Rats Fed High Sucrose Diet

The beneficial effects of feeding syrup of peaches and pears (peel and pulp) & green tea on the restoration of the changes produced by feeding high sucrose diet on plasma lipid profile, plasma antioxidant activity, and antioxidant enzymes in red blood cells (RBC) hemolysate were studied. High sucrose diet induced hyperlipidemia as manifested by significant (P ≤ 0.05) increases in the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) in plasma from 103.33 ± 1.8, 61.17 ± 0.48 and 26.6 ± 5.01 mg/dl to 136.67 ± 2.2, 81.3 ± 1.5 and 64.6 ± 6.5 mg/dl respectively. The high density lipoproteins (HDL) level was not significantly affected. TG levels in heart muscles increased significantly P ≤ 0.05 from the level of 194.14 ± 4.35 μg/g in the negative control to 269.72 ± 5.39 μg/g. Administration of fruits syrup and green tea resulted in a significant variable reduction in the elevated levels of cholesterol, TG and LDL and TG in the heart. Administration of sucrose resulted also in elevation of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma from 5.06 ± 0.18 in the negative control to 14.81 ± 0.48 μmol/L in the positive control. This was also accompanied by reduction in the activities of supper oxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and a decrease in the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) in plasma, indicating lipid peroxidation. The activities of SOD, GSH-Px, CAT in the negative control were 8.96 ± 0.19, 315.67 ± 5.86, 209 ± 2.18 U/gHb respectively and were reduced significantly in the positive control to 4.7 ± 0.2, 273.83 ± 7.85, 207 ± 2.53 U/g Hb. There was a significant decrease in the level of total antioxidant status (TAS) in plasma from 1.45 ± 0.09 to 0.88 ± 0.09 nmol/L. However, no statistically significant changes were noticed in the concentrations of plasma total proteins and albumin. Intake of syrup of peaches and pears (peel and pulp) & green tea increased the level of TAS and GSH and decreased the level of LDL. The treatment also decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) the levels of plasma cholesterol, TG and heart TG levels. The activities of SOD and GSH-Px were increased following the treatment. It can be concluded that syrup of peaches and pears (peel and pulp) & green tea modulate lipid metabolism and enhance antioxidant status and in this respect green tea produced the best effect followed by peels of pears and peaches. The beneficial effect produced by fruits syrup and green tea may be due to their contents of phytochemicals.

绿肥间作对灰枣果园土壤肥力和果实品质的影响

以新疆红枣主栽品种灰枣作为试验材料,油菜作为绿肥,在绿肥间作和非绿肥间作模式下,科学比较2种模式果园的土壤物理特征参数、土壤化学特性指标,土壤微生物群落情况,灰枣果实外观品质和内在品质及产量等指标,对绿肥间作模式的果园土壤肥力及果实品质的研究提供理论参考。结果表明,灰枣园种植绿肥后,对其土壤理化特性指标、土壤微生物群落情况,果实品质及产量均有不同程度的影响,绿肥果园0~20和21~40cm土层的土壤容重、比重和保水力均显著高于非绿肥果园,其中绿肥果园0~20cm土层的增高幅度高于21~40cm土层;与非绿肥果园0~20cm土层相比,绿肥果园0~20cm土层的有效磷、交换性镁、有效态铁含量均极显著增高,土壤有机质含量显著增高,pH值显著减小;绿肥果园21~40cm土层的有机质、水解氮、速效钾、交换性钙和有效态铜含量均极显著高于非绿肥果园21~40cm土层,其土壤有效磷和有效态锌含量显著高于非绿肥果园21~40cm土层;绿肥果园0~20、21~40cm土层的细菌、真菌和放线菌均显著高于非绿肥果园同样土层,其中绿肥果园0~20cm土层细菌的增高幅度最高,21~40cm土层放线菌的增高幅度最高,分别高2.2和5.0倍。果实品质方面,绿肥果园果实纵径、果实横径、单果重、果肉质量、总糖和总黄酮含量及糖酸比均极显著高于非绿肥果园,果核横径、可食率和可溶性固形物含量均显著高于非绿肥果园枣果,非绿肥果园果形指数和总酸含量均极显著大于绿肥果园枣果。总而言之,灰枣果园间作油菜在一定程度上能够改善土壤物理结构,增加土壤肥力和微生物群落情况,明显提高果实品质部分指标,但对果实表面颜色无显著影响。

百香果提取液绿色制备银纳米粒子及其抗菌研究

目前,人们已经提出了很多用于合成银纳米粒子的化学方法,其中绿色合成银纳米粒子的方法由于其低成本和环境友好性而受到更多关注。该研究报道了以百香果果皮提取物为原料绿色合成银纳米粒子的方法并研究其抗菌性能。通过紫外可见光谱在420 nm处出现峰值来确定银纳米颗粒的形成,以透射电子显微镜和扫描电子显微镜表征其粒径大小及表面形态,纳米银(AgNPs)多呈球形,分散性良好,平均粒径为12.1 nm;采用X射线衍射分析AgNPs结晶性质并证明了AgNPs的存在;使用光电子能谱仪分析Ag价态为0价;热重分析仪测定结果表明了AgNPs有良好的热稳定性;傅里叶红外光谱及拉曼散射光谱测试结果显示,百香果果皮提取物具有还原和稳定银纳米粒子的双重功能,其中具有该作用的活性物质可能是蛋白质、多酚、黄酮和果胶等。大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌最小抑制质量浓度分别为33、66μg/mL。综上所述,利用百香果提取液可以绿色制备较为理想的AgNPs,有望在制药、工业等抑菌领域得到广泛应用。

“阳光玫瑰”葡萄绿色果品栽培关键技术集成应用

介绍了“阳光玫瑰”葡萄在江苏苏州地区栽培情况,从植物学特性、果实性状、抗病性、生长习性与物候期方面阐述栽培特性,并从高质量建园、科学肥水管理,病虫害绿色综合防控(农业防治、物理防治、生物防治、绿色化学防治)方面集成应用绿色果品栽培关键技术,旨在为该优质葡萄品种安全、高附加值生产提供参考.

基于改进YOLOv5s模型的自然场景中绿色柑橘果实检测

针对未成熟柑橘果实智能检测存在精度低、模型大的问题,该研究提出了一种基于YOLOv5s改进的绿色柑橘检测算法模型YOLO-GC,实现对复杂自然环境中果实的实时准确检测。首先,针对YOLOv5s网络模型较大且难以部署的问题,以轻量级GhostNet网络替换原始的骨干网络,同时为减小模型轻量化后精度下降的影响和提高对绿色柑橘特征的关注度,嵌入全局注意力机制(global attention mechanism,GAM)增强网络在复杂环境下对果实特征的提取能力;其次,为了改善密集与小目标果实的检测效果,引入BiFPN(bi-directional feature pyramid network)架构进行多尺度的加权特征融合;最后,为减少果实与枝叶遮挡、重叠造成的漏检,采用GIoU(generalized intersection over union)损失函数结合Soft-NMS(soft-non-maximum suppression)算法优化边界框回归机制。试验结果表明:相较于YOLOv5s,YOLO-GC的权重模型内存减小了53.9%,参数量减少了55.2%,平均精度AP_(0.5)提升了1.2个百分点,平均推理时长减少46.2%。YOLO-GC模型的综合检测性能优于YOLOv8等7种常用网络模型,在安卓手机APP中检测准确率达到97.2%,推理时长减少了85.8%。研究表明,该研究模型为复杂环境中绿色果实检测及模型部署应用提供了技术支撑。

辣椒青熟期紫黑色果皮的主基因+多基因混合遗传分析

【目的】果皮颜色是辣椒的重要农艺性状之一。旨在探究青熟期紫色辣椒果色遗传规律,为辣椒新品种选育和紫色辣椒呈色机制提供理论依据。【方法】研究以C152(青熟期紫黑色果皮)为母本、A37(青熟期绿色果皮)为父本,构建P_(1)、P_(2)、F_(1)、F_(2)4个世代遗传群体。细化青熟期果皮颜色分类,调查统计发育正常、达到商品成熟度的对椒果皮颜色。对所得数据进行正态分布检验,并联合分析4个世代获得遗传模型,计算各遗传模型的MLV值和有关成分分布参数,将MLV值转换为AIC值,选取遗传模型中AIC值最小的5个模型作为备选模型,对备选模型进行适合性检验,并获得统计量,选取显著统计量最少的备选模型作为最佳遗传模型,计算最佳遗传模型的一阶遗传参数,并由群体方差和有关成分分布方差估计出最佳遗传模型的二阶遗传参数。【结果】统计结果显示,F_(1)代为浅紫黑色,介于母本的紫黑色和父本的绿色之间,且更偏向于母本。F_(2)群体中颜色过渡丰富,性状变异呈连续状态。正态性检验结果表明,所得数据的中位数与众数为4,平均值为4.097,变异系数为49.38%,果色性状的峰度为-1.117,偏度为-0.321,两者绝对值在1.96之间,符合正态分布。一阶遗传参数中主基因加性效应值为2.5428、显性效应值为0.5352,主基因的显性度为0.2201。二阶遗传参数结果表明,群体表型的总方差为0.5626,主基因遗传方差为3.5299,多基因的遗传方差与遗传力均为0。群体的主基因遗传率为86.25%。【结论】辣椒青熟期果皮颜色紫黑色对绿色为不完全显性,紫黑色果皮受到一对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因控制,主基因的加性效应与显性效应皆为正向,且加性效应强于显性效应。紫黑色果皮表现出极高的遗传力,性状决定受遗传因素较大。

从“非正规绿地”到“社区食物微森林”——社区非正规种植空间公共资源化利用研究

非正规绿地中居民自发的果蔬种植行为长期困扰社区空间治理,个体种植行为影响社区公众利益构成焦点问题。如何趋利避害,将非正规绿地中的自发种植空间转化为社区公共服务产品产出场所,适应非正规绿地自发种植空间内在机理与现实问题的空间设计策略值得研究。通过自发种植行为实地调研,发现非正规绿地的“阈限性”特征和弱势群体的空间诉求是引发非正规种植行为、产生负外部性影响的根本原因。进而推倒得出“明确空间功能”,促进“多元化主体参与”和“复合功能共享”的负外部性治理思路。借鉴食物森林理论,通过理论调适应用于非正规绿地自发种植空间,从而形成适应中国社区非正规绿地本底环境的“社区食物微森林”复合功能公共产品输出路径,从“食物+生态、景观、休闲”复合功能的微森林营造技术和长效治理机制两方面,有效回应了我国非正规绿地的现状问题与社区本底环境诉求,对社区非正规绿地自发种植空间治理具有参考价值。

低热量非浓缩还原澳洲青苹雪梨复合果汁配方优化

利用响应面法对低热量非浓缩还原澳洲青苹雪梨复合果汁(以下简称NFC复合果汁)配方进行优化,建立了物料配比、木糖醇添加量、亚麻籽胶添加量与产品感官评分的数学模型,用建立的数学模型对NFC复合果汁最优配方进行预测,确定了最佳的产品配方,即澳洲青苹与雪梨复配比例1∶0.65、木糖醇添加量2%和亚麻籽胶添加量0.061%。该NFC复合果汁弥补了我国营养型、复合型和功能型等新型果蔬汁产业技术开发不足的现状,更对NFC果汁市场提供新的产品类型,对满足消费者健康营养低热量的需求具有重要意义。

果树在园林绿化中的应用及问题探讨

果树在园林绿化中有很多非果树达不到的观赏效果。分析了果树在园林绿化中存在的管理繁琐,病虫害较多,整形修剪技术复杂,后期采果困难,容易造成环境污染和安全隐患等问题;提出了改进园林绿化果树管理措施,研究选育绿化果树新品种的建议设想。

液体硅肥对青脆李品质的影响

采用液体硅肥对青脆李树进行根部灌施和叶面喷施两种处理方式,果实成熟后测定其单果质量、可溶性固形物、硬度、糖组分、酸组分和维生素C含量。结果表明,施硅肥处理后单果质量、可溶性固形物、果糖和维生素C等品质指标较对照处理有明显提高,根部灌施有效硅34 g(0.4 kg硅肥)、叶面喷施有效硅1.92 g(16 mL硅肥)效果较优。

绿肥还田对葡萄园土壤养分·酶活性及果实品质的影响

为明确间作油菜绿肥后不同还田方式对葡萄园土壤养分、酶活性及果实品质的影响,通过大田试验,设置无绿肥间作、间作油菜覆盖还田、间作油菜翻压还田3个处理。结果表明,翻压还田下0~20 cm土层的有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶活性最高,较对照分别显著提高50.00%、19.40%、16.47%、25.38%、13.69%、82.35%、26.87%;20~40 cm土层,与对照相比,覆盖和翻压处理的土壤pH、全氮、速效钾、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性分别显著提高3.70%、5.07%、44.68%、40.43%、14.71%、20.85%、32.00%、35.50%、11.85%和29.84%,而两处理间差异不显著;覆盖和翻压处理的葡萄百叶干重、单穗重、可溶性糖、糖酸比、维生素C含量均显著高于对照,且在翻压处理下达最高。表明间作油菜绿肥可提高土壤养分含量、促进葡萄生长及提高果实品质,其中油菜翻压还田效果要优于覆盖还田。

西葫芦嫩瓜皮叶绿素合成代谢与其皮色形成的关联性研究

为了挖掘优异西葫芦(Cucurbita pepo L.)种质资源,提高外观品质优的嫩瓜选择效率,本研究利用色差仪对本单位创制的54份西葫芦自交系进行不同嫩瓜皮色分类,并以其中7份(重点4份)代表性材料为研究对象,对西葫芦嫩瓜皮叶绿素合成代谢与其皮色形成的关联性进行分析。结果表明,叶绿素是决定偏白色、浅绿色、翠(青)绿色、绿色和深绿色西葫芦嫩瓜皮色的主要色素。其中,叶绿素a含量占总含量的49.20%~60.58%,是决定嫩瓜皮色深浅的主要因素。颜色最鲜艳且更加偏绿色的翠(青)绿色嫩瓜皮材料,其色度值(C)显著大于其他皮色,而叶绿素a/叶绿素b和红绿值(a*)分别显著大于和小于偏白色、浅绿色和深绿色皮色。深绿色、翠(青)绿色和偏白色嫩瓜皮叶绿素合成存在胆色素原转化为尿卟啉原Ⅲ和粪卟啉原Ⅲ转化为原卟啉IX两个受阻点,且后一转换阶段是导致偏白色和翠(青)绿色嫩瓜皮叶绿素合成受阻、叶绿素含量骤降的主要原因。叶绿素合成减弱与叶绿素代谢中的叶绿素酶降解活性增强以及抗氧化酶中的超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性减弱之间呈显著相关,这也证明了嫩瓜皮偏白色的成因。超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性与嫩瓜皮叶绿素含量呈显著相关,这两种酶延缓了翠(青)绿色和深绿色嫩瓜皮叶绿素含量降低速率。本研究结果为深入解析不同嫩瓜皮色,特别是翠(青)绿色嫩瓜皮呈色机理以及挖掘、利用相关优异特异资源提供了理论依据和技术支撑。

高效液相色谱法测定藏青果中没食子酸的含量

为了解藏青果中有效成分没食子酸的含量,采用高效液相色谱法,开展精密度实验、稳定性实验、重现性实验、加样回收率实验等,并测定藏青果中没食子酸的含量。结果表明,没食子酸在0.12~0.40μg范围内线性关系良好,试验仪器稳定,样品稳定性、实验重现性较好,样品回收率高,并且藏青果中没食子酸的平均含量为101.40μg·g^(-1),表明藏青果中没食子酸含量较低。

青梅酒发酵关键技术研究

本文针对青梅酒发酵过程中存在的果肉与酒液分离效率低、糖化不完全、杂菌污染和风味物质损失等关键技术问题,提出了优化果肉破碎与压榨工艺、采用高效复合糖化酶、加强无菌操作流程控制以及优选风味代谢工程菌株等一系列解决方案。通过生物技术与工程优化手段的集成创新,提升青梅酒发酵过程的转化率、纯度与风味品质,为推进青梅酒产业的健康可持续发展奠定坚实基础。

不同授粉树对“脆蜜”滇刺枣着果和果实品质的影响初探

为了探究不同滇刺枣品种辅助授粉对“脆蜜”滇刺枣着果的影响,观测4年生以上“脆蜜”“越南野枣”“高朗一号”开花习性和自然授粉结果情况,设置“脆蜜”母树相同位置短截枝条上分别嫁接“越南野枣”和“高朗一号”接穗1枝辅助授粉处理,以“脆蜜”自花授粉为对照,观测3个处理的“脆蜜”的果实纵横径变化和着果情况,并测定单果质量、果实可溶性固形物含量等果实品质指标。结果表明,嫁接“高朗一号”接穗处理的着果率>嫁接“越南野枣”接穗处理>对照(“脆蜜”自花授粉),且两两之间差异极显著(p<0.01)。花后不同时间,3个处理的果实纵横径快速增长,变化趋势基本类似。3个处理对果实品质产生一定影响,果形指数、单果质量、可食率、果实蛋白质含量、可溶性固形物含量等指标间差异不大。采后0~28 d时,3个处理室温(19℃左右)贮藏的果实烂果率呈增长趋势;采后28 d时烂果率均达到100%。其中,嫁接“高朗一号”接穗处理的果实烂果率发展速度较慢,采后21 d时其烂果率极显著低于其他两个处理。说明试验条件下,“脆蜜”滇刺枣以嫁接“高朗一号”接穗辅助授粉处理的效果较好。