[Objective] The research aimed to study the toxicity and antifeedant activity of walnut green husk extract on wheat aphid. [Method] Using ultrasonic extraction, 5 kinds of different polarity solvents were used to prep...[Objective] The research aimed to study the toxicity and antifeedant activity of walnut green husk extract on wheat aphid. [Method] Using ultrasonic extraction, 5 kinds of different polarity solvents were used to prepare the extracts from walnut green husk. The toxicity and antifeedant activity on wheat aphid were determined, [ Result ] Walnut green husk extracts in the solvent of ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate had higher toxicity and antifeedant activity on wheat aphid. When the concentration was 100 mg/ml, after 24 h, the toxicity and antifeedant activity of three kinds extracts on wheat aphid were greater than 84.35% and 66.98%, respectively. After 48 h, the toxicity and antifeedant activity were greater than 85.91% and 79.34%, respectively. Among 5 kinds extracts,ethanol extracts had the highest toxicity and antifeedant activity on wheat aphid. After 24 h, the corrected mortality rate was 93.64% and the antifeedant rate was 83.61%. After 48 h,the corrected mortality rate was 94.95% and antifeedant rate was 92.21%. Petroleum ether extract had the smallest toxicity and antifeedant activity on wheat aphid. After 24 h,the corrected mortality rate and antifeedant rate were 19.54% and 34.65%, respectively. After 48 h,the corrected mortality rate and antifeedant rate were 20.13% and 39. 03%, respectively. [ Conclsion] The extracts from walnut green husk with larger polarity solvent had better toxicity and higher antifeedant activity on wheat aphid.展开更多
The anthocyanin pigment extracted from green-wheat-bran was studied to identify its antioxidant activity.The antioxidant activities of the pigment were evaluated by anti-lipid peroxidation,total antioxidant activity ...The anthocyanin pigment extracted from green-wheat-bran was studied to identify its antioxidant activity.The antioxidant activities of the pigment were evaluated by anti-lipid peroxidation,total antioxidant activity （TAA）,superoxide anion radical scavenging activity （SARSA）,active oxygen scavenging activity （AOSA）,and DPPH （1,1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl free radical） radical scavenging activity.The results showed that the pigment had higher antioxidant activity and TAA,SARSA,AOSA and DPPH.scavenging activities at a certain concentration than Vc （antiscorbutic vitamin,vitamin C）,and the capacity increased with the increase of pigment concentration.Its TAA was 51.06 U mL-1,1.73 times of Vc,and SARSA 18 025.21 U mL-1,2.26% higher than Vc,and AOSA 3 776.31 U mL-1,1.24 times of Vc.As to the DPPH.scavenging activity of the pigment,there was a trend that higher concentration performed higher activity significantly improved with the company of Vc.The pigment showed significant antioxidant activities evaluated by different assays.Results will provide a better understanding on antioxidant activity of green wheat and allow the screening or breeding of green wheat varieties with higher antioxidant activity for food processing.展开更多
The persistence and performance (growth promoting potential) of green fluorescent protein (gfp) marked Azotobacter chroococcum strain ABR 4G were studied in sterilized and unsterilized wheat rhizospheric soil. The gfp...The persistence and performance (growth promoting potential) of green fluorescent protein (gfp) marked Azotobacter chroococcum strain ABR 4G were studied in sterilized and unsterilized wheat rhizospheric soil. The gfp was integrated via Tn 5 transposition into A. chroococcum chromosome and the resultant gfp marked colonies were identified by green fluorescent emission under UV light. The gfp was stably maintained in A. chroococcum and the gfp insertion had no apparent adverse effect on the growth promoting properties of the marked soil isolate ABR 4G. The growth promoting properties (nitrogen fixation, ammonia excretion, phosphate solubilization and IAA production) of the parent soil isolate and the gfp marked strain were found to be almost the same. All the quantitative wheat plant traits were significantly influenced by inoculation of A. chroococcum ABR 4G strain in sterilized and unsterilized soil. Inoculated bacterial counts increased gradually in wheat rhizosphere, reached maximum on 60 th d and declined on 80 th d. Fertility levels also affected survival of marked strain and the survival was comparable in sterilized and unsterilized soil. The growth promoting properties were also determined from the marked strain reisolated from wheat rhizosphere in both types of soil. Fig 1, Tab 2, Ref展开更多
XN901 is a K-type three-line hybrid wheat with a high yield potential, and its leaves and stem remaining green during grain maturation, suggesting much assimilate stay in leaves and stem. The grain water content, grai...XN901 is a K-type three-line hybrid wheat with a high yield potential, and its leaves and stem remaining green during grain maturation, suggesting much assimilate stay in leaves and stem. The grain water content, grain volume, carbohydrate content, and enzyme activity of sucose metabolism in the grain, as well as source-sink relationship were studied in order to investigate the physiological reason of the assimilate remaining in leaves and stem at the late stage. The results showed that the hybrid grains had more water and soluble sugar, higher activities of acid invertase and sucrose synthase at the early stage that led to a faster expansion growth, greater grain volume and faster starch synthesis at the early to mid stage of grain development. Also it had a longer period for actively filling. As a result, the grain weight and yield of the hybrid were increased by 14 and 15% respectively compared to that of Shaan 229. Additionally, the biomass of XN901 was 41.7% more than that of control, but its harvest index was 9% lower than Shaan 229. However, its lower activity of sucrose synthase indicated a lower sink activity at the late stage, resulting in a slow rate of filling and starch synthesis. Also, the hybrid wheat XN901 had a large source-sink ratio. It is the main reason for much assimilate remaining in the straw at the late stage and lower harvest index. Strengthening the sink activity and raising the harvest index should be the key means of improving the yield of hybrid wheat.展开更多
This study was conducted to determine the performance of wheat landraces cultivated under organic conditions and to analyze their stability across diverse environments. Six wheat landraces with specific characteristic...This study was conducted to determine the performance of wheat landraces cultivated under organic conditions and to analyze their stability across diverse environments. Six wheat landraces with specific characteristics (high protein content, drought tolerance, stay green) were tested under organic growing environment. The experiments were applied in three locations (Larisa (LAR), Thessaloniki (THES), Kilkis (KIL)) for three growing seasons. The role of specific agronomic traits (stay green, lodging) and their correlation with yield components were analyzed. Stability and genotypic superiority for grain yield were determined using ANOVA and genotype × environment (GGE) biplot analysis. Furthermore, the interrelationships among wheat traits and genotype-by-trait using regression analysis, coefficient of variation and (GT)-biplot technique were studied. Significant differences were found in yield among wheat landraces tested, and also in yield components, as related to specific traits expressed into organic environment. Best varieties in terms of yield were the medium statured landraces Skliropetra and M. Argolidas, characterized by lowest weight of 1000 grains, large number of spikes per m2 meter and the highest number of grains per spike as compared to the other landraces. The statistical model GGE biplot provides useful information for experimentation of wheat landraces when grown under organic environment. It identifies clearly the ideal and representative environment for experimentation and underlines the effect of specific traits for each wheat cultivar on yield performance and stability across environments.展开更多
针对西北绿洲灌区小麦连作普遍、化肥施用量较大及氮素利用率低等问题,探究麦后复种绿肥对减量施氮小麦籽粒产量和氮素利用的补偿效应,以期为构建减氮小麦高效生产技术提供理论依据。本研究依托始于2018年的定位试验进行,2020-2022年期...针对西北绿洲灌区小麦连作普遍、化肥施用量较大及氮素利用率低等问题,探究麦后复种绿肥对减量施氮小麦籽粒产量和氮素利用的补偿效应,以期为构建减氮小麦高效生产技术提供理论依据。本研究依托始于2018年的定位试验进行,2020-2022年期间采集数据。试验采用裂区设计,主区设4种绿肥种植模式,即麦后分别复种毛叶苕子混播箭筈豌豆(HCV)、箭筈豌豆(CV)、油菜(R)和麦后休闲(F);副区为3种施氮水平:试区习惯施氮量(N3,180 kg hm^(–2))、习惯施氮减量20%(N2,144 kg hm^(-2))、习惯施氮减量40%(N1,108 kg hm^(-2))。研究表明,习惯施氮减量20%和40%显著降低了小麦籽粒产量和氮素吸收,但麦后复种毛叶苕子混播箭筈豌豆可补偿因减量施氮40%造成的籽粒产量和氮素吸收损失,且麦后复种毛叶苕子混播箭筈豌豆结合减量施氮20%提高小麦籽粒产量21.4%和氮素吸收6.9%(P<0.05)。麦后复种毛叶苕子混播箭筈豌豆可补偿因减量施氮40%造成的氮素利用率损失,且其结合减量施氮20%氮素利用率提高13.4%(P<0.05)。其补偿机制归因于:(1)麦后复种毛叶苕子混播箭筈豌豆在减量施氮40%条件下可补偿小麦氮素吸收速率,提高氮素净同化速率34.3%(P<0.05),维持穗部氮素分配,增加茎氮素转运率6.6%(P<0.05)。(2)与麦后休闲传统施氮量相比,麦后复种毛叶苕子混播箭筈豌豆结合减量施氮20%提高氮素平均吸收速率和氮素净同化速率7.2%和34.1%(P<0.05),增加灌浆初期至成熟期穗氮素分配6.7%(P<0.05),提高叶、茎氮素对穗的转运贡献率17.8%、8.9%(P<0.05)。因此,在干旱绿洲灌区,麦后复种毛叶苕子混播箭筈豌豆是实现小麦减氮40%的可行措施,麦后复种毛叶苕子混播箭筈豌豆结合减氮20%可通过提高小麦氮素吸收速率和氮素净同化率,提高叶、茎对穗的转运贡献率从而促进穗部氮素分配,实现小麦产量和氮素利用率双提升。展开更多
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(NZ09205)~~
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to study the toxicity and antifeedant activity of walnut green husk extract on wheat aphid. [Method] Using ultrasonic extraction, 5 kinds of different polarity solvents were used to prepare the extracts from walnut green husk. The toxicity and antifeedant activity on wheat aphid were determined, [ Result ] Walnut green husk extracts in the solvent of ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate had higher toxicity and antifeedant activity on wheat aphid. When the concentration was 100 mg/ml, after 24 h, the toxicity and antifeedant activity of three kinds extracts on wheat aphid were greater than 84.35% and 66.98%, respectively. After 48 h, the toxicity and antifeedant activity were greater than 85.91% and 79.34%, respectively. Among 5 kinds extracts,ethanol extracts had the highest toxicity and antifeedant activity on wheat aphid. After 24 h, the corrected mortality rate was 93.64% and the antifeedant rate was 83.61%. After 48 h,the corrected mortality rate was 94.95% and antifeedant rate was 92.21%. Petroleum ether extract had the smallest toxicity and antifeedant activity on wheat aphid. After 24 h,the corrected mortality rate and antifeedant rate were 19.54% and 34.65%, respectively. After 48 h,the corrected mortality rate and antifeedant rate were 20.13% and 39. 03%, respectively. [ Conclsion] The extracts from walnut green husk with larger polarity solvent had better toxicity and higher antifeedant activity on wheat aphid.
基金supported by the National Technologies R&D Program of China (2006BAD01A02)the Excellent Medium-Youth Scientist Scientific Research Reward Fundation of Shandong Province, China (BS2009NY036)the Youth Science and Technology Creative Fundation Item of Shandong Agricultural University, China
文摘The anthocyanin pigment extracted from green-wheat-bran was studied to identify its antioxidant activity.The antioxidant activities of the pigment were evaluated by anti-lipid peroxidation,total antioxidant activity （TAA）,superoxide anion radical scavenging activity （SARSA）,active oxygen scavenging activity （AOSA）,and DPPH （1,1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl free radical） radical scavenging activity.The results showed that the pigment had higher antioxidant activity and TAA,SARSA,AOSA and DPPH.scavenging activities at a certain concentration than Vc （antiscorbutic vitamin,vitamin C）,and the capacity increased with the increase of pigment concentration.Its TAA was 51.06 U mL-1,1.73 times of Vc,and SARSA 18 025.21 U mL-1,2.26% higher than Vc,and AOSA 3 776.31 U mL-1,1.24 times of Vc.As to the DPPH.scavenging activity of the pigment,there was a trend that higher concentration performed higher activity significantly improved with the company of Vc.The pigment showed significant antioxidant activities evaluated by different assays.Results will provide a better understanding on antioxidant activity of green wheat and allow the screening or breeding of green wheat varieties with higher antioxidant activity for food processing.
文摘The persistence and performance (growth promoting potential) of green fluorescent protein (gfp) marked Azotobacter chroococcum strain ABR 4G were studied in sterilized and unsterilized wheat rhizospheric soil. The gfp was integrated via Tn 5 transposition into A. chroococcum chromosome and the resultant gfp marked colonies were identified by green fluorescent emission under UV light. The gfp was stably maintained in A. chroococcum and the gfp insertion had no apparent adverse effect on the growth promoting properties of the marked soil isolate ABR 4G. The growth promoting properties (nitrogen fixation, ammonia excretion, phosphate solubilization and IAA production) of the parent soil isolate and the gfp marked strain were found to be almost the same. All the quantitative wheat plant traits were significantly influenced by inoculation of A. chroococcum ABR 4G strain in sterilized and unsterilized soil. Inoculated bacterial counts increased gradually in wheat rhizosphere, reached maximum on 60 th d and declined on 80 th d. Fertility levels also affected survival of marked strain and the survival was comparable in sterilized and unsterilized soil. The growth promoting properties were also determined from the marked strain reisolated from wheat rhizosphere in both types of soil. Fig 1, Tab 2, Ref
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(39670436)Young Scientists’ Fund of National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China (30600075)Young Scientific Cadremen’s Fund of Northwest A&F University, China
文摘XN901 is a K-type three-line hybrid wheat with a high yield potential, and its leaves and stem remaining green during grain maturation, suggesting much assimilate stay in leaves and stem. The grain water content, grain volume, carbohydrate content, and enzyme activity of sucose metabolism in the grain, as well as source-sink relationship were studied in order to investigate the physiological reason of the assimilate remaining in leaves and stem at the late stage. The results showed that the hybrid grains had more water and soluble sugar, higher activities of acid invertase and sucrose synthase at the early stage that led to a faster expansion growth, greater grain volume and faster starch synthesis at the early to mid stage of grain development. Also it had a longer period for actively filling. As a result, the grain weight and yield of the hybrid were increased by 14 and 15% respectively compared to that of Shaan 229. Additionally, the biomass of XN901 was 41.7% more than that of control, but its harvest index was 9% lower than Shaan 229. However, its lower activity of sucrose synthase indicated a lower sink activity at the late stage, resulting in a slow rate of filling and starch synthesis. Also, the hybrid wheat XN901 had a large source-sink ratio. It is the main reason for much assimilate remaining in the straw at the late stage and lower harvest index. Strengthening the sink activity and raising the harvest index should be the key means of improving the yield of hybrid wheat.
文摘This study was conducted to determine the performance of wheat landraces cultivated under organic conditions and to analyze their stability across diverse environments. Six wheat landraces with specific characteristics (high protein content, drought tolerance, stay green) were tested under organic growing environment. The experiments were applied in three locations (Larisa (LAR), Thessaloniki (THES), Kilkis (KIL)) for three growing seasons. The role of specific agronomic traits (stay green, lodging) and their correlation with yield components were analyzed. Stability and genotypic superiority for grain yield were determined using ANOVA and genotype × environment (GGE) biplot analysis. Furthermore, the interrelationships among wheat traits and genotype-by-trait using regression analysis, coefficient of variation and (GT)-biplot technique were studied. Significant differences were found in yield among wheat landraces tested, and also in yield components, as related to specific traits expressed into organic environment. Best varieties in terms of yield were the medium statured landraces Skliropetra and M. Argolidas, characterized by lowest weight of 1000 grains, large number of spikes per m2 meter and the highest number of grains per spike as compared to the other landraces. The statistical model GGE biplot provides useful information for experimentation of wheat landraces when grown under organic environment. It identifies clearly the ideal and representative environment for experimentation and underlines the effect of specific traits for each wheat cultivar on yield performance and stability across environments.
文摘针对西北绿洲灌区小麦连作普遍、化肥施用量较大及氮素利用率低等问题,探究麦后复种绿肥对减量施氮小麦籽粒产量和氮素利用的补偿效应,以期为构建减氮小麦高效生产技术提供理论依据。本研究依托始于2018年的定位试验进行,2020-2022年期间采集数据。试验采用裂区设计,主区设4种绿肥种植模式,即麦后分别复种毛叶苕子混播箭筈豌豆(HCV)、箭筈豌豆(CV)、油菜(R)和麦后休闲(F);副区为3种施氮水平:试区习惯施氮量(N3,180 kg hm^(–2))、习惯施氮减量20%(N2,144 kg hm^(-2))、习惯施氮减量40%(N1,108 kg hm^(-2))。研究表明,习惯施氮减量20%和40%显著降低了小麦籽粒产量和氮素吸收,但麦后复种毛叶苕子混播箭筈豌豆可补偿因减量施氮40%造成的籽粒产量和氮素吸收损失,且麦后复种毛叶苕子混播箭筈豌豆结合减量施氮20%提高小麦籽粒产量21.4%和氮素吸收6.9%(P<0.05)。麦后复种毛叶苕子混播箭筈豌豆可补偿因减量施氮40%造成的氮素利用率损失,且其结合减量施氮20%氮素利用率提高13.4%(P<0.05)。其补偿机制归因于:(1)麦后复种毛叶苕子混播箭筈豌豆在减量施氮40%条件下可补偿小麦氮素吸收速率,提高氮素净同化速率34.3%(P<0.05),维持穗部氮素分配,增加茎氮素转运率6.6%(P<0.05)。(2)与麦后休闲传统施氮量相比,麦后复种毛叶苕子混播箭筈豌豆结合减量施氮20%提高氮素平均吸收速率和氮素净同化速率7.2%和34.1%(P<0.05),增加灌浆初期至成熟期穗氮素分配6.7%(P<0.05),提高叶、茎氮素对穗的转运贡献率17.8%、8.9%(P<0.05)。因此,在干旱绿洲灌区,麦后复种毛叶苕子混播箭筈豌豆是实现小麦减氮40%的可行措施,麦后复种毛叶苕子混播箭筈豌豆结合减氮20%可通过提高小麦氮素吸收速率和氮素净同化率,提高叶、茎对穗的转运贡献率从而促进穗部氮素分配,实现小麦产量和氮素利用率双提升。
