Understanding the Function of Rays and Wood Density on Transverse Fracture Behaviour of Green Wood in Three Species

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in wood properties, because wood is a commonly used and advanced building material. In this paper, the effect of anatomical characters on the transverse fracture properties of green wood was investigated. The specific fracture energy （Gf J/m2） of ash （Fraxinus excelsior）, cherry （Prunus avium） and birch （Betula pendula） was evaluated using double edge notched tensile tests. The tests were performed on both earlywood （EW） and latewood （LW） zones in both the radial-tangential （RT） and the tangential-radial （TR） crack propagation systems. Wood anatomy and the failure patterns of each species were also investigated using environmental scanning electron microscopy （ESEM） and light microscopy （LMC）. The results showed that the Gfof RT fracture systems was around 1.5 times greater than in the TR one, whereas there were no significant differences between EW and LW zones. ESEM micrographs showed that the RT fracture system had a rougher fracture surface, while the TR had a nearly smooth and fiat fracture surface. In particular, the wood ofF. excelsior was the toughest, because of its greater percentage of rays and homogenous distribution of ray cells, while P. avium and B. pendula showed a lower Gf due to their smaller percentage of rays with a distinctive arrangement of ray cells.

Green Wood Public Procurement Development in China

The green government(public) procurement system plays an important role in achieving the policy objective of energy saving and environmental protection,and promoting green technology progress in enterprises.The green government procurement starts comparatively late in China,and there are still a lot of problems in the legal system,procurement standards,organization and management system, information communication and monitoring evaluation mechanisms and so forth.With international experience as the refer...

Isolation of Hemicellulose from Wood Chips via Extraction with Kraft Green Liquor

The present paper covers the extraction of hemicelluloses from woods, i.e., Eucalyptus Globulus, white fir and Douglas fir via green liquor pretreatment and alkali post-treatment with sodium hydroxide. The effects of such extraction conditions as extraction time, temperature on the yields of hemicellulose and the degree of deliginification were investigated. Sugar analyses using Dionex indicate that xylose, glucose and mannose are the main sugar types present in the hemicellulose from Eucalyptus. Other sugar components such as arabinose and galactose were also found in Dogulas fir hemicellulose. The highest yield of hemicellulose was 8.4% for Eucalyptus extracted with green liquor at 130 ℃ for 3.5 h. Further sodium hydroxide extraction for 5 h gave a hemicellulose yield of about 20%. The use of green liquor for the extraction of wood hemicellulose is believed to be the first attempt.

Study on the Application of Small Woodblock Turf in Garden Landscape

The development status of small woodblock turf in China and abroad was introduced in this study, the significance and advantage of such a technology as well as its application in garden landscape were also summarized, and finally advices to further develop small woodblock turf were put forward.

Saving Strategy and Simulation Analysis of Green Log Walls in Severe Cold Area

Log house is a traditional type of vernacular dwelling in Chinese cold area. It contains distinct regional characteristics and architectural cultures. In recent years,log house has come into vogue softly with the development of wood techniques. However,log houses expend too much wood materials. There are also many negative aspects of this type of wood building which go against the criteria of energy conservation,and its high prime cost hinders the application as well. To solve these problems, the paper emphasizes using more environmental standardized techniques which save cost at the same time,and put forward technical strategy to improve the log walls. The optimization schemes are mainly divided into two categories: internal insulation and filled insulation. Each type of insulation is respectively derived two schemes through changing the thickness of main structure layers and insulation layer. Firstly,we use Weto software to calculate the timber volume of the four schemes,and it concludes that all the optimizations can save more timber than the prototype log wall with the section of 200 mm × 200 mm. Secondly,thermal comfort of each scheme is insulated in Design Builder.The results show that thermal insulation of filling type represents better than the other schemes. At last,we use thermal calculating formula to calculate thermal resistance of every scheme. Contrast to the energy efficiency standards of Heilongjiang Province, the data show that the four schemes meet the requirements of the specification.

南方型黑杨生长性状和木材材性与湿心材形成的相关性

为了分析南方型黑杨生长性状、木材性状对其湿心材形成的影响程度,于2023年11月份,在岳阳市君山区丁字堤南方型黑杨试验林,选取13年生的8个南方型黑杨无性系为研究对象,每个无性系选取6株样株,用9 mm生长锥在树高1.3 m处钻取木样,分别测量木芯长度、湿心材长度,并称量质量;依据试验设计,测定样木的胸径、树高、材积、树液pH、生材含水量、气干材含水量、木材基本密度;运用相关分析法、通径分析法,计算各性状对湿心材比例的直接影响、间接影响、决定系数,分析南方型黑杨无性系生长性状、木材性状的7个性状指标对湿心材比例的影响。结果表明:8个无性系间,湿心材比例、胸径、树高、材积、生材含水量存在极显著差异。树液pH和生材含水量,与湿心材比例存在极显著正相关,气干材含水量与湿心材比例存在显著正相关。通径分析表明,生材含水量(W r)、树液pH、气干材含水量(W a)是影响湿心材比例(R(wh))的重要因子,通过多元回归分析建立3个性状与湿心材比例的多元回归方程R(wh)=-0.995+0.006pH+0.075 W r+0.005 W a;其中,生材含水量对湿心材比例的直接影响(0.522)和单独决定系数大小表明,生材含水量对湿心材比例影响最大。因此,生材含水量大小可以作为选育南方型黑杨低湿心材选育时的评定指标。

An Exploratory Analysis of the Market Perspective on Reclaiming Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) from Decommissioned Preservative-Treated Wood Utility Poles

In the area of recycling of spent chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood, most studies to date have focused on methods of removing/extracting the residual preservative from the wood matrix. It is well recognized that exposure of CCA-treated wood to an acid solution can reverse the CCA fixation process thereby converting the CCA elements into their water-soluble form. The economic viability of the process is enhanced because it can be integrated with other technologies and products (e.g., “green” spray foam insulation, etc.). The market for the “green” CCA is the same as for traditional CCA-the wood treating industry, principally utility poles and pilings. A market research study was conducted to determine the suitability of spent CCA-treated wood as a source for recycled, “green” CCA for manufacturing “green” spray-foam insulation. Specifically, we wanted to discern the attitudes and overall perspectives of buyers/sellers (i.e., utilities and wood treating companies) of CCA preservatives and treated wood products, disposal methods and costs for decommissioned CCA-treated wood, and understand perceptions of and willingness-to-pay for “green” CCA preservatives extracted from the technologies used in this research. Results show that 60% of wood preservative treating respondents and 60% of electric utility company respondents are somewhat or greatly interested in using out-of-service utility poles as feedstock for “green insulation” as part of a new potential business venture.

可再生资源利用下纸浆模塑绿色包装材料的性能研究

为顺应以可降解与可回收利用包装材料保护生态环境的良好形势,可再生资源利用与绿色包装理念提倡采用可取代塑料的绿色包装材料,以纸代塑为原则的纸浆模塑应运而生。以阔叶木化学机械浆、竹材化学浆、针叶木化学浆、蔗渣化学浆等为原料改性制备了纸浆模塑绿色包装材料,并对其性能进行了表征分析。结果表明,以针叶木-蔗渣混合浆制纸浆模塑绿色包装材料机械性能与卫生性能整体表现更优;淀粉用量为1.5g时,以针叶木-蔗渣混合浆制纸浆模塑绿色包装材料机械性能与卫生性能整体表现更佳;纸浆模塑绿色包装材料符合可再生资源利用理念且综合性能良好,以其取代塑料包装能促进包装业健康可持续发展。

Granular Activated Carbon from Wood Originated from Tropical Virgin Forest

This research investigates several woods originated from trees of tropical virgin forest as raw material for the production of granular activated carbon. Mechanical strength of the activated carbons produced was related to wood hardness and lignin content but not to cellulose-lignin ratio. One of the eight woods studied (Dividivi) produced an activated carbon with a high mechanical strength similar to that produced from coconut shell, taken as a standard. Dividivi is also suggested as promissory for desert greening.

Development and Evaluation of an All Weather-Type Solar Drying House to Make for Wood Pellet Material

To suppress the global environment pollutions, we tried to develop a new-type solar drying house by improving a typical agricultural green-house, so that an all weather-type solar drying house was invented ultimately. This house is capable to dry raw wood materials (Ogako) into suitable moisture content (Mc) to make a wood pellet. The all weather-type solar Ogako drying house is covered with a triple transparent film, and an open/close free-type shield sheet is spread along with house’s inner surface with a small space, which is opened when solar radiation is incident on the house in daytime and closed to prevent heat loss from the house while out of sun shining in night. Inside of the all weather-type solar Ogako drying house, there are four belt-conveyors over which four top radiation panels are hanged, and on which four Ogako agitators are touched, a turn-table, two hoppers, four small fans, and besides, a floor heating is molded in concrete floor. Also on the north wall outside the house, two insulated cylinders (chimney) are stood up vertically to exhaust inside moist air passively. Then, to make clearly the operation performance of the house, the drying tests for the proof examination were conducted nineteen times at first test site in Ashoro where is located east-central part of Hokkaido, Japan. As a result of the drying test for the proof examination, it was made clear that the all weather-type solar Ogako drying house is practically useful as a supplementary apparatus to produce the dried Ogako, and consequently to suppress CO2 exhaustion.

6年生黑木相思木材的生材性质研究

以6年生黑木相思为研究对象,对其木材的生材性质进行分析,为人工林黑木相思木材的合理利用提供参考。通过排水法、质量法及数值法对黑木相思的树皮率、心材率、生材含水率及木材密度进行测定,结果表明:黑木相思树皮体积分数、树皮质量分数、心材率、生材含水率、生材密度和基本密度平均值分别为15.94%,17.06%,49.53%,77.70%,0.773,0.437 g/cm3。自树干基部向上,黑木相思的树皮体积分数、树皮质量分数、基本密度总体上均呈波动性增加的趋势,心材率总体上均呈递减的趋势,生材含水率、生材密度总体上呈波动性递减的趋势;自髓心向外,黑木相思的生材含水率均逐渐降低,生材密度南北向上均呈先平稳后下降的趋势,基本密度在南北向上的变化规律有所差别,在北向上呈先下降后增加的趋势,在南向上呈逐渐增加的趋势。

木材产业绿色低碳发展路径浅析

随着全球对环境保护和可持续发展的重视,木材产业作为重要的经济产业之一,其绿色低碳发展变得至关重要,但面临着资源消耗、环境污染等挑战。为实现绿色低碳高质量发展,提出了一系列建议和措施,从产业结构优化、生产工艺优化、木材资源循环利用、绿色低碳标准建设和行业交流合作5个方面,深入剖析推动木材产业绿色低碳发展的关键因素。旨在探讨木材产业实现绿色低碳发展的有效路径,为实现全球绿色低碳发展做出贡献。

基于松木屑的木塑复合包装在交通运输中的应用与前景

为解决塑料包装带来的环境问题及现有交通运输过程中包装存在的一些问题。针对包装材料和木材的研究,发现木材作为天然绿色材料,并且松木屑资源优势明显但未充分利用。根据以木材作为包装材料的研究,发现单一木屑效果不佳经常需复合以后来使用,因此采用木塑复合材料作为包装材料可以很好的解决现存的包装问题,适应现有的道路条件。经过研究分析松木屑化学成分、松节油理化性质及成分作用,得出以松木屑为原料的包装因松脂具有抗菌等优势,并且可制成多种性能良好的运输包装材料。

不同基质和生长调节剂对山茶扦插生根的影响

为探讨不同基质和生长调节剂对山茶扦插生根的作用,本试验以山茶品种‘金盘荔枝’嫩枝为插穗,分别研究3种不同基质类型(河沙、珍珠岩以及园土+河沙)和3种生长调节剂处理(NAA、IBA和ABT-1号)对山茶扦插生根的影响。结果表明,园土+河沙作为基质的山茶扦插生根率最高,珍珠岩作为基质的山茶扦插生根率最低;3种基质下的山茶插穗生根指数和根系生物量干质量均表现为园土+河沙>河沙>珍珠岩。3种生长调节剂处理下,IBA处理下不定根数量最多,NAA处理下不定根数量最少,IBA处理下插穗的平均根长最长,ABT-1号处理下插穗的最长根长最长,各处理对山茶扦插的生根指数和根系生物量干质量表现一致,均为ABT-1号>IBA>NAA>CK。

基于林业资源的绿色建筑材料开发与应用

本文通过分析和研究林业资源在绿色建筑材料开发与应用中的重要性,提出了利用竹材、木材等林业资源开发绿色、环保新型墙体材料的设想。研究表明,竹材和木材等天然林业资源,具有生长快、强度高、绿色环保等优点。但是竹木材在建筑材料应用方面也存在防火性差、保温性差、使用寿命短等问题。为解决这些问题,本文设想通过物理化学处理等技术手段提高其性能。本文的研究为利用林业资源开发绿色建材,推动我国建筑业的可持续发展提供了参考。

“双碳”背景下木质家具绿色工厂创建策略与评价体系研究

在国家“双碳”目标的宏观背景下,建设木家具绿色工厂旨在实现低碳生产,减少环境负担,提升企业经济效益和社会形象,促进我国木家具制造业实现绿色发展,推动行业的绿色转型。绿色工厂的创建是一项复杂的系统性工程,轻工行业标准《木家具绿色工厂评价要求》的设立目的在于通过一系列评价指标,如单位产品碳排放量、碳足迹及环境污染等,来引导和规范企业的生产行为,使其与碳达峰、碳中和的目标相契合。立足于绿色工厂的政策背景,根据《木家具绿色工厂评价要求》,探讨从基础设施、管理体系、能源资源投入及产品要求等方面协助木质家具企业创建绿色工厂的策略。通过对标准一系列量化指标的详细解析及评价体系研究,提出企业可以通过精研法规导向、生命周期绿色设计、重视数据监测等方面进行改进或创新,行业应多方增强配合的参考建议,以期促进木家具行业绿色低碳发展,助力“双碳”目标的实现。

生物质基木竹材改性剂研究进展及存在问题

随着环境和资源问题的加剧,木竹材改性的环保性和安全性得到了越来越广泛的关注。传统木竹材改性技术大多以化石资源为原料,普遍存在高能耗、高污染、改性材不可降解等问题。因此,需要探索高效、低能耗、绿色环保的木竹材改性技术。生物质基木竹材改性剂源于生物质资源,不仅能改善木材和竹材性能,还能降低原材料的化石资源依赖性,最大限度保持木质材料的可降解性能,这为木竹材改性的发展提供了新思路。本文以糠醇树脂改性、松香改性、聚酯类聚合物改性等改性方法为主,对近年来以生物质及其衍生物作为木竹材改性剂的相关研究进行了总结,并对其存在的问题进行了分析,以期为木竹材改性技术的研究与发展提供借鉴。

国内外产品碳足迹认证现状及在人造板及其制品行业的企业实践

产品碳足迹认证是应对气候变化和贸易壁垒,形成绿色低碳供应链,推动新质生产力发展的重要工具,是我国推进“双碳”战略的重要途径之一。碳足迹认证对于加快我国人造板及其制品行业产业升级、实现绿色低碳发展具有重要意义。本文介绍了国际碳足迹认证和有关国际标准的发展水平,分析了开展产品碳足迹认证的驱动力和企业做产品碳足迹管理的意义,结合产品碳足迹认证的流程,针对人造板及其制品行业碳足迹认证的现状和机会,提出了开展产品碳足迹管理的建议。

复叶槭扦插繁殖技术

以复叶槭1年生硬枝和当年生嫩枝为材料,对影响插穗生根的插穗类型、激素种类、激素质量浓度、处理时间以及基质种类等因子进行了系统的研究。结果表明:一定质量浓度的NAA、ABT1#生根粉均可以促进复叶槭的硬枝扦插生根,试验中以200 mg·L-1的ABT 1#生根粉处理较好。不同基质及处理对复叶槭嫩枝扦插的影响效果具有显著性差异,其中以用300 mg·L-1ABT 1#生根粉处理插穗并以V(珍珠岩)∶V(蛭石)∶V(草炭)=1∶1∶3为基质的扦插效果最优,根系效果指数为2.13。运用正交试验得出复叶槭嫩枝扦插生根的最优组合,即选择顶梢所采集的插穗,用300mg·L-1的ABT1#生根粉处理60min,进行扦插育苗效果最佳,可以得到最优根系的无性系苗木。

杉木生材含水率分布及其对气干的影响

以人工林杉木为研究对象,研究生材状态下不同厚度锯材含水率的差异,比较含髓心、钝棱与其他类型等3类锯材的含水率差异,建立生长轮宽度与锯材含水率的关系,分析生材状态含水率对锯材气干周期的影响。研究结果显示,25mm和40 mm的锯材含水率差异极显著;含髓心锯材含水率最低,其次是其他类的,最大是含钝棱锯材;随着生长轮宽度减少,锯材含水率增大;生长轮宽度为4 mm时,是生材含水率分界线,即当生长轮平均宽度小于和不小于4.0 mm时,锯材含水率差异极显著;25 mm和40 mm厚不同含水率锯材各2组气干至含水率25%,低含水率锯材较高含水率的气干周期分别缩短57%和66%。