Indocyanine green(ICG) is capable of inducing a photothermal effect and the production of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species for cancer therapy. However, the major challenge in applying ICG molecules for antitumor ther...Indocyanine green(ICG) is capable of inducing a photothermal effect and the production of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species for cancer therapy. However, the major challenge in applying ICG molecules for antitumor therapy is associated with their instability in aqueous conditions and rapid clearance from blood circulation,which causes insufficient bioavailability at the tumor site.Herein, we conjugated ICG molecules with Prussian blue nanoparticles enclosing a Fe_3O_4 nanocore, which was facilitated by cationic polyethyleneimine via electrostatic adsorption. The nanocarrier-loaded ICG formed stable aggregates that enhanced cellular uptake and prevented fluorescence quenching. Moreover, the strong superparamagnetism of the Fe_3O_4 core in the obtained nanocomposites further improved cellular internalization of the drugs guided by a localized magnetic field. The therapeutic efficacy of this nanoplatform was evaluated using tumor models established in nude mice, which demonstrated remarkable tumor ablation in vivo due to strong photothermal/photodynamic effects. This study provides promising evidence that this multifunctional nanoagent might function as an efficient mediator for combining photothermal and photodynamic cancer therapy.展开更多
Water resources are a crucial factor that determines the health of ecosystems and socio-economic development;however,they are under threat due to climate change and human activities.The quantitative assessment of wate...Water resources are a crucial factor that determines the health of ecosystems and socio-economic development;however,they are under threat due to climate change and human activities.The quantitative assessment of water resources using the concept of blue water and green water can improve regional water resources management.In this study,spatiotemporal distributions of blue water and green water were simulated and analyzed under scenarios of climate change and land-use changes using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Northwest China,between 2009 and 2014.Green water,a leading component of water resources,accounted for more than 69.00%of the total water resources in Ningxia.Blue water and green water showed a single peak trend on the monthly and annual scales during the study period.On the spatial scale,the southern region of Ningxia showed higher blue water and green water resources than the northern region.The spatiotemporal distribution features of blue water,green water,and green water flow had strong correlations with precipitation.Furthermore,the simulation identified the climate change in Ningxia to be more influential on blue water and green water than land-use changes.This study provides a specific scientific foundation to manage water resources in Ningxia when encountered with climate change together with human activities.展开更多
Microcystins (MCYSTs) isolated from blue-green algae,are hepatotoxic polypeptides.It will induce severe intrahepatic hemorrhage and liver necrosis at low concentrations in rats and mice.MCYST- LR is one of MCYSTs whic...Microcystins (MCYSTs) isolated from blue-green algae,are hepatotoxic polypeptides.It will induce severe intrahepatic hemorrhage and liver necrosis at low concentrations in rats and mice.MCYST- LR is one of MCYSTs which consists of 2 variable L- amino acids(leucine and arginine),3 D-amino acids and 2 unusualamino acids(including Adda).MCYSTs bind to protein phosphatase 1 and 2A,and strongly inhibit their activities.The resultant increase of phosphoprotein was referred to be involved in tumor-promoting activity in liver.According to the above results and animal study,MCYST-LR is a potent liver tumor promoter.There were 9 positive from 30 samples of pond-ditch water in high endemic county-Haimen by high-peformance liquid chromatograph and 3 already confirmed by liquid chromograph/mass spectrometer.The quantities of MCYSTs were different between drinking water of liver cancer cases and controls groups.122±0.057and 0.072±0.044μg/200ml respectively) by ELISA. It is not easy to remove by conventional water treatment procedures.The relationship between MCYSTs and oncogenes and anti-oncogenes are under studying.展开更多
CCC plasmid was isolated from an economically important blue-green alga- Spirulina platensis (1.7×106 dalton from the S6 strain and 1.2×106 dalton from the F, strain) using a rapid method based on ultrasonic...CCC plasmid was isolated from an economically important blue-green alga- Spirulina platensis (1.7×106 dalton from the S6 strain and 1.2×106 dalton from the F, strain) using a rapid method based on ultrasonic disruption of algal cells and alkaline removal of chromosomal DNA. The difference in the molecular weight of the OOC DNAs from the two strains differing in form suggests that plasmid may be related with the differentiation of algal form. This modified method, which does not use any lysozyme, is a quick and effective method of plasmid isolation, especially for filamentous blue-green algae.展开更多
The effects of metallurgical and processing parameters on the formation of shrinkage cavities and porosities in spheroidal graphite cast iron have been studied, considering the parameters of carbon equivalent, inocula...The effects of metallurgical and processing parameters on the formation of shrinkage cavities and porosities in spheroidal graphite cast iron have been studied, considering the parameters of carbon equivalent, inoculation, casting modulus, mold type (green or dry) and pouring temperature within specific ranges of these variables. Based on the orthogonal experiments, the metallurgical and processing parameters of the minimum casting shrinkage and the maximum casting shrinkage were obtained, and the effects of metallurgical and processing parameters on the formation of shrinkage cavities and porosities in spheroids graphite cast iron castings were discussed. Finally, two regression equations relating these variables to the formation of shrinkage porosity were derived based upon the orthogonal experiments conducted.展开更多
The possible ways and progress of infrared or red laser pumped green and blue laser emissions from a single solid state material doped by rare earth ions are outlined. The green and blue lasers realized from infrared ...The possible ways and progress of infrared or red laser pumped green and blue laser emissions from a single solid state material doped by rare earth ions are outlined. The green and blue lasers realized from infrared laser pumped rare earth doped nonlinear laser crystals by means of self frequency conversion and from infrared laser pumped rare earth doped bulk, fiber and microsphere materials by means of frequency upconversion are introduced in detail. Other kinds of devices and methods are also compared. The typical nonlinear laser crystals such as YAl 3(BO 3) 4, GdAl 3(BO 3) 4, YCa 4O(BO 3) 3 , GdCa 4O(BO 3) 3, and the typical upconversion fluoride fibers are compared and analyzed. The major problems remaining to be solved and the developing trends in the area are also discussed.展开更多
Based on the experience and lessons from previous control of lakes, as well as the present situation of water eutrophication and outbreak of blue-green algae in lakes, general ideas of controlling outbreak of blue-gre...Based on the experience and lessons from previous control of lakes, as well as the present situation of water eutrophication and outbreak of blue-green algae in lakes, general ideas of controlling outbreak of blue-green algae in large and middle lakes were proposed. Firstly, it is needed to control serious outbreak of blue-green algae and then build health aquatic ecosystems and corresponding control goals finally. Secondly, quantity of blue-green algae in lakes and lake eutrophication should be reduced at the same time. Thirdly, quantity of reduced blue-green algae must exceed the natural increase of them in quantity persistently, so that outbreak of blue-green algae will reduce and even be eliminated. Fourthly, engineering measures and corresponding safeguard measures to control outbreak of blue-green algae in lakes should be combined.展开更多
A study was conducted from 2010 to 2017 to determine the water footprint for producing blueberries in the Entre Ríos province of Argentina. Three cultivars of southern highbush blueberry (hybrid cross of Vacciniu...A study was conducted from 2010 to 2017 to determine the water footprint for producing blueberries in the Entre Ríos province of Argentina. Three cultivars of southern highbush blueberry (hybrid cross of Vaccinium sp.) were evaluated in the study, including “Star”, “Emerald”, and “Snowchaser”. In each case, the plants were irrigated by drip and protected from frost using overhead sprinklers. Water requirements for irrigation and frost protection varied among the cultivars due to differences in the timing of flowering and fruit development. The annual water footprint for fruit production in each cultivar is expressed in units of cubic meters of water used to produce one ton of fresh fruit and ranged from 212 - 578 m<sup>3</sup>∙t<sup>−1</sup> for “Star”, 296 - 985 m<sup>3</sup>∙t<sup>−1</sup> for “Emerald”, and 536 - 4066 m<sup>3</sup>∙t<sup>−1</sup> for “Snowchaser”. “Snowchaser” flowered earlier than the other cultivars and, therefore, needed more water for frost protection. “Star”, on the other hand, ripened the latest among the cultivars and required little to no water for frost protection. Frost protection required a minimum of 30 m<sup>3</sup>∙h<sup>−1</sup> of water per hectare and in addition to drip irrigation was a major component of the water footprint.展开更多
Copper Tungstate-Graphene Oxide nano composites have been successfully applied as excellent catalysts for the photocatalytic degradation with Methylene blue and Malachite green dyes under visible light irradiation. A ...Copper Tungstate-Graphene Oxide nano composites have been successfully applied as excellent catalysts for the photocatalytic degradation with Methylene blue and Malachite green dyes under visible light irradiation. A facile?solid state metathesis synthesis of copper tungstate (CuWO4) followed by ball milling and subsequent preparation of copper tungstate-graphene oxide?(CuWO4-GO) nano composite using a colloidal blending process and its application as a visible light photocatalyst for the degradation of Malachite green and Methylene blue dyes. The morphology and composition of copper tungstate (CuWO4) nano composite have been characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectra (UV-DRS), Raman Spectra, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM)-EDS and UV Visible Spectroscopy. It shows a band gap value of 2.13 eV, an increase in range and intensity of light absorption and the reduction of electron-hole pair recombination in CuWO4 with the introducing of GO on to it.展开更多
Water quality,flooding risk,and water consumption in urban areas are emerging issues.Urban impervious surfaces increase stormwater runoff,affecting ecosystems and leading to hydrogeological instability and flooding ri...Water quality,flooding risk,and water consumption in urban areas are emerging issues.Urban impervious surfaces increase stormwater runoff,affecting ecosystems and leading to hydrogeological instability and flooding risk.Sustainable urban design strategies can contribute to counteract the negative impact of anthropic activities both at city-scale and global scale.Green and Blue Infrastructure(GBI)approaches,in particular,are an alternative to stormwater traditional management.In Europe,Sustainable Drainage System implementation copes with impervious surfaces to achieve water quality,amenity,and biodiversity increase.Best Management Practices,developed mainly in the USA,focus on specific measures for sustainable stormwater treatment.Water Sensitive Urban Design,spread in Australia and England,also aims to minimise the impact of developed areas preventing flood risk,limiting water consumption and enhancing environmental quality.In the USA and Canada,Low Impact Development offers design strategies to manage runoff and deliver structural practices to mimic predevelopment processes of infiltration,filtration and detention.展开更多
The color conversion glass ceramics which were made of borosilicate matrix co-doped(SrBaSm)Si2O2N2:(Eu^3+Ce^3+) blue-green phosphors were prepared by two-step method in co-sintering. The change in luminescence propert...The color conversion glass ceramics which were made of borosilicate matrix co-doped(SrBaSm)Si2O2N2:(Eu^3+Ce^3+) blue-green phosphors were prepared by two-step method in co-sintering. The change in luminescence properties and the drift of chromaticity coordinates(CIE) of the(SrBaSm)Si2O2N2:(Eu^3+Ce^3+) blue-green phosphors and the color conversion glass ceramics were studied in the sintering temperature range from 600℃ to 800℃. The luminous intensity and internal quantum yield(QY) of the blue-green phosphors and glass ceramics decreased with the sintering temperature increasing. When the sintering temperature increased beyond 750℃, the phosphors and the color conversion glass ceramics almost had no peak in photoluminescence(PL) and excitation(PLE) spectra. The results showed that the blue-green phosphors had poor thermal stability at higher temperature. The lattice structure of the phosphors was destroyed by the glass matrix and the Ce^3+ in the phosphors was oxidized to Ce^4+, which further caused a decrease in luminescent properties of the color conversion glass ceramics.展开更多
基金financial support from Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (XDJK2016A010 and XDJK2017C001)National Natural Science Foundation of China (51703186 and 31671037)Southwest University (SWU116032 and SWU115059)
文摘Indocyanine green(ICG) is capable of inducing a photothermal effect and the production of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species for cancer therapy. However, the major challenge in applying ICG molecules for antitumor therapy is associated with their instability in aqueous conditions and rapid clearance from blood circulation,which causes insufficient bioavailability at the tumor site.Herein, we conjugated ICG molecules with Prussian blue nanoparticles enclosing a Fe_3O_4 nanocore, which was facilitated by cationic polyethyleneimine via electrostatic adsorption. The nanocarrier-loaded ICG formed stable aggregates that enhanced cellular uptake and prevented fluorescence quenching. Moreover, the strong superparamagnetism of the Fe_3O_4 core in the obtained nanocomposites further improved cellular internalization of the drugs guided by a localized magnetic field. The therapeutic efficacy of this nanoplatform was evaluated using tumor models established in nude mice, which demonstrated remarkable tumor ablation in vivo due to strong photothermal/photodynamic effects. This study provides promising evidence that this multifunctional nanoagent might function as an efficient mediator for combining photothermal and photodynamic cancer therapy.
基金This study was funded by the Science and Technology Innovation Funds of Gansu Agricultural University for Special Funds for Discipline Construction,China(GAU-XKJS-2018-203)the Supporting Funds for Youth Mentor of Gansu Agricultural University,China(GAU-QDFC-2018-17)+1 种基金the Innovation Fund of Colleges and Universities in Gansu Province,China(2021A-061)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu province(20JR10RA543).
文摘Water resources are a crucial factor that determines the health of ecosystems and socio-economic development;however,they are under threat due to climate change and human activities.The quantitative assessment of water resources using the concept of blue water and green water can improve regional water resources management.In this study,spatiotemporal distributions of blue water and green water were simulated and analyzed under scenarios of climate change and land-use changes using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Northwest China,between 2009 and 2014.Green water,a leading component of water resources,accounted for more than 69.00%of the total water resources in Ningxia.Blue water and green water showed a single peak trend on the monthly and annual scales during the study period.On the spatial scale,the southern region of Ningxia showed higher blue water and green water resources than the northern region.The spatiotemporal distribution features of blue water,green water,and green water flow had strong correlations with precipitation.Furthermore,the simulation identified the climate change in Ningxia to be more influential on blue water and green water than land-use changes.This study provides a specific scientific foundation to manage water resources in Ningxia when encountered with climate change together with human activities.
文摘Microcystins (MCYSTs) isolated from blue-green algae,are hepatotoxic polypeptides.It will induce severe intrahepatic hemorrhage and liver necrosis at low concentrations in rats and mice.MCYST- LR is one of MCYSTs which consists of 2 variable L- amino acids(leucine and arginine),3 D-amino acids and 2 unusualamino acids(including Adda).MCYSTs bind to protein phosphatase 1 and 2A,and strongly inhibit their activities.The resultant increase of phosphoprotein was referred to be involved in tumor-promoting activity in liver.According to the above results and animal study,MCYST-LR is a potent liver tumor promoter.There were 9 positive from 30 samples of pond-ditch water in high endemic county-Haimen by high-peformance liquid chromatograph and 3 already confirmed by liquid chromograph/mass spectrometer.The quantities of MCYSTs were different between drinking water of liver cancer cases and controls groups.122±0.057and 0.072±0.044μg/200ml respectively) by ELISA. It is not easy to remove by conventional water treatment procedures.The relationship between MCYSTs and oncogenes and anti-oncogenes are under studying.
基金This research was supported in part by The President of The Chinese Academy of Sciences Foundation
文摘CCC plasmid was isolated from an economically important blue-green alga- Spirulina platensis (1.7×106 dalton from the S6 strain and 1.2×106 dalton from the F, strain) using a rapid method based on ultrasonic disruption of algal cells and alkaline removal of chromosomal DNA. The difference in the molecular weight of the OOC DNAs from the two strains differing in form suggests that plasmid may be related with the differentiation of algal form. This modified method, which does not use any lysozyme, is a quick and effective method of plasmid isolation, especially for filamentous blue-green algae.
基金The paper was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.59235102).
文摘The effects of metallurgical and processing parameters on the formation of shrinkage cavities and porosities in spheroidal graphite cast iron have been studied, considering the parameters of carbon equivalent, inoculation, casting modulus, mold type (green or dry) and pouring temperature within specific ranges of these variables. Based on the orthogonal experiments, the metallurgical and processing parameters of the minimum casting shrinkage and the maximum casting shrinkage were obtained, and the effects of metallurgical and processing parameters on the formation of shrinkage cavities and porosities in spheroids graphite cast iron castings were discussed. Finally, two regression equations relating these variables to the formation of shrinkage porosity were derived based upon the orthogonal experiments conducted.
文摘The possible ways and progress of infrared or red laser pumped green and blue laser emissions from a single solid state material doped by rare earth ions are outlined. The green and blue lasers realized from infrared laser pumped rare earth doped nonlinear laser crystals by means of self frequency conversion and from infrared laser pumped rare earth doped bulk, fiber and microsphere materials by means of frequency upconversion are introduced in detail. Other kinds of devices and methods are also compared. The typical nonlinear laser crystals such as YAl 3(BO 3) 4, GdAl 3(BO 3) 4, YCa 4O(BO 3) 3 , GdCa 4O(BO 3) 3, and the typical upconversion fluoride fibers are compared and analyzed. The major problems remaining to be solved and the developing trends in the area are also discussed.
文摘Based on the experience and lessons from previous control of lakes, as well as the present situation of water eutrophication and outbreak of blue-green algae in lakes, general ideas of controlling outbreak of blue-green algae in large and middle lakes were proposed. Firstly, it is needed to control serious outbreak of blue-green algae and then build health aquatic ecosystems and corresponding control goals finally. Secondly, quantity of blue-green algae in lakes and lake eutrophication should be reduced at the same time. Thirdly, quantity of reduced blue-green algae must exceed the natural increase of them in quantity persistently, so that outbreak of blue-green algae will reduce and even be eliminated. Fourthly, engineering measures and corresponding safeguard measures to control outbreak of blue-green algae in lakes should be combined.
文摘A study was conducted from 2010 to 2017 to determine the water footprint for producing blueberries in the Entre Ríos province of Argentina. Three cultivars of southern highbush blueberry (hybrid cross of Vaccinium sp.) were evaluated in the study, including “Star”, “Emerald”, and “Snowchaser”. In each case, the plants were irrigated by drip and protected from frost using overhead sprinklers. Water requirements for irrigation and frost protection varied among the cultivars due to differences in the timing of flowering and fruit development. The annual water footprint for fruit production in each cultivar is expressed in units of cubic meters of water used to produce one ton of fresh fruit and ranged from 212 - 578 m<sup>3</sup>∙t<sup>−1</sup> for “Star”, 296 - 985 m<sup>3</sup>∙t<sup>−1</sup> for “Emerald”, and 536 - 4066 m<sup>3</sup>∙t<sup>−1</sup> for “Snowchaser”. “Snowchaser” flowered earlier than the other cultivars and, therefore, needed more water for frost protection. “Star”, on the other hand, ripened the latest among the cultivars and required little to no water for frost protection. Frost protection required a minimum of 30 m<sup>3</sup>∙h<sup>−1</sup> of water per hectare and in addition to drip irrigation was a major component of the water footprint.
文摘Copper Tungstate-Graphene Oxide nano composites have been successfully applied as excellent catalysts for the photocatalytic degradation with Methylene blue and Malachite green dyes under visible light irradiation. A facile?solid state metathesis synthesis of copper tungstate (CuWO4) followed by ball milling and subsequent preparation of copper tungstate-graphene oxide?(CuWO4-GO) nano composite using a colloidal blending process and its application as a visible light photocatalyst for the degradation of Malachite green and Methylene blue dyes. The morphology and composition of copper tungstate (CuWO4) nano composite have been characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectra (UV-DRS), Raman Spectra, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM)-EDS and UV Visible Spectroscopy. It shows a band gap value of 2.13 eV, an increase in range and intensity of light absorption and the reduction of electron-hole pair recombination in CuWO4 with the introducing of GO on to it.
文摘Water quality,flooding risk,and water consumption in urban areas are emerging issues.Urban impervious surfaces increase stormwater runoff,affecting ecosystems and leading to hydrogeological instability and flooding risk.Sustainable urban design strategies can contribute to counteract the negative impact of anthropic activities both at city-scale and global scale.Green and Blue Infrastructure(GBI)approaches,in particular,are an alternative to stormwater traditional management.In Europe,Sustainable Drainage System implementation copes with impervious surfaces to achieve water quality,amenity,and biodiversity increase.Best Management Practices,developed mainly in the USA,focus on specific measures for sustainable stormwater treatment.Water Sensitive Urban Design,spread in Australia and England,also aims to minimise the impact of developed areas preventing flood risk,limiting water consumption and enhancing environmental quality.In the USA and Canada,Low Impact Development offers design strategies to manage runoff and deliver structural practices to mimic predevelopment processes of infiltration,filtration and detention.
基金Project supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.2018C01046)Enterprise-funded Latitudinal Research Projects,China(Grant Nos.J2016-141,J2017-171,J2017-293,and J2017-243)
文摘The color conversion glass ceramics which were made of borosilicate matrix co-doped(SrBaSm)Si2O2N2:(Eu^3+Ce^3+) blue-green phosphors were prepared by two-step method in co-sintering. The change in luminescence properties and the drift of chromaticity coordinates(CIE) of the(SrBaSm)Si2O2N2:(Eu^3+Ce^3+) blue-green phosphors and the color conversion glass ceramics were studied in the sintering temperature range from 600℃ to 800℃. The luminous intensity and internal quantum yield(QY) of the blue-green phosphors and glass ceramics decreased with the sintering temperature increasing. When the sintering temperature increased beyond 750℃, the phosphors and the color conversion glass ceramics almost had no peak in photoluminescence(PL) and excitation(PLE) spectra. The results showed that the blue-green phosphors had poor thermal stability at higher temperature. The lattice structure of the phosphors was destroyed by the glass matrix and the Ce^3+ in the phosphors was oxidized to Ce^4+, which further caused a decrease in luminescent properties of the color conversion glass ceramics.