Nutrients of green and senesced leaves of a Robinia pseudoacacia plantation along a latitudinal gradient on the Loess Plateau,China

Plantations have been widely established to improve ecosystem services and functioning.Black locust,Robinia pseudoacacia L.is a common,widely planted species to control soil erosion on the Loess Plateau.Previous studies have focused on economic values but the interactions between soil and plant carbon(C),nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)remain unknown.Investigating variations of soil,green and senesced leaf C,N and P levels in R.pseudoacacia along a latitudinal gradient is useful to understanding its ecological functions.The results show that soil C,N and senesced leaf N and P significantly decreased with an increase in latitude,but there were no significant changes in the senesced leaf C and soil P.The resorption efficiency of N was related with latitude and soil N levels,and the relation between green leaf N and soil N was significant.These relations suggest that soil N was the key in affecting green leaf N levels.At higher latitudes,senesced leaves had lower N levels associated with higher N resorption efficiency to maintain a stable N content in green leaves.With a decrease of soil N,R.pseudoacacia can enhance N resorption efficiency to meet the demand of growth.Thus,it is an important species for reforestation,especially in nutrient-poor environments.

Drought events influence nutrient canopy exchanges and green leaf partitioning during senescence in a deciduous forest

The increase in the frequency and intensity of drought events expected in the coming decades in Western Europe may disturb forest biogeochemical cycles and create nutrient deficiencies in trees.One possible origin of nutrient deficiency is the disturbance of the partitioning of the green leaf pool during the leaf senescence period between resorption,foliar leaching and senesced leaves.However,the effects of drought events on this partitioning and the consequences for the maintenance of tree nutrition are poorly documented.An experiment in a beech forest in Meuse(France)was conducted to assess the effect of drought events on nutrient canopy exchanges and on the partitioning of the green leaf pool during the leaf senescence period.The aim was to identify potential nutritional consequences of droughts for trees.Monitoring nutrient dynamics,including resorption,chemistry of green and senesced leaves,foliar absorption and leaching in mature beech stands from 2012 to 2019 allowed us to compare the nutrient exchanges for three nondry and three dry years(i.e.,with an intense drought event during the growing season).During dry years,we observed a decrease by almost a third of the potassium(K)partitioning to resorption(i.e.resorption efficiency),thus reducing the K reserve in trees for the next growing season.This result suggests that with the increased drought frequency and intensity expected for the coming decades,there will be a risk of potassium deficiency in trees,as already observed in a rainfall exclusion experiment on the same study site.Reduced foliar leaching and higher parititioning to the senesced leaves for K and phosphorus(P)were also observed.In addition,a slight increase in nitrogen(N)resorption efficiency occurred during dry years which is more likely to improve tree nutrition.The calcium(Ca)negative resorption decreased,with no apparent consequence in our study site.Our results show that nutrient exchanges in the canopy and the partitioning of the green leaf pool can be modified by drought events,and may have consequences on tree nutrition.

Spraying Arginine at 5 Days before Harvest Delays Postharvest Broccoli Senescence via Nutrient Accumulation

To determine the effects of preharvest arginine spraying on the nutritional level of broccoli and the mechanism of action of arginine in improving the storage quality of broccoli,arginine spraying(5 mmol/L)was conducted at 0,1,3,and 5 days before harvest.The appearance,respiration rate,mass-loss rate,electrolyte leakage,glucosinolate,ascorbic acid,total phenol,total flavonoid,total sugar and sucrose contents,and sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS),invertase(INV),sucrose synthase synthesis(SSS)and cleavage(SSC)activities of broccoli samples were observed after 0,2,4,6,8,and 10 days of storage.The results showed that spraying arginine at 5 days preharvest(5-ARG)helped to inhibit broccoli respiration during storage,delay electrolyte leakage,and maintain broccoli color.Furthermore,during the growth stage,total sugar accumulation was higher in the 5-ARG group.In addition,during the storage period,sucrose synthesis was accelerated,while sucrose cleavage was inhibited,resulting in more sucrose retention in postharvest broccoli.In conclusion,5-ARG resulted in the accumulation of more nutrients during the growth process and effectively delayed the quality decline during storage,thereby prolonging the shelf life of broccoli.Therefore,this study provides a theoretical basis for improving postharvest storage characteristics of broccoli through preharvest treatments.

Energy Efficiency of a Solar Green Building Using Bio-Sourced Materials for Indoor Temperature and Humidity Optimization

A clean environment with low carbon emissions is the goal of research on the development of green and sustainable buildings that use bio-sourced materials in conjunction with solar energy to create more sustainable cities.This is particularly true in Africa,where there aren’t many studies on the topic.The current study suggests a 90 m^(2) model of a sustainable building in a dry climate that is movable to address the issue of housing in remote areas,ensures comfort in harsh weather conditions,uses solar renewable resources—which are plentiful in Africa—uses biosourced materials,and examines how these materials relate to temperature and humidity control while emitting minimal carbon emissions.In order to solve the topic under consideration,the work is split into two sections:numerical and experimental approaches.Using TRNSYS and Revit,the suggested prototype building is examined numerically to examine the impact of orientation,envelope composition made of bio-sourced materials,and carbon emissions.Through a hygrothermal investigation,experiments are conducted to evaluate this prototype’s effectiveness.Furthermore,an examination of the photovoltaic system’s production,consumption,and several scenarios used tomaximize battery life is included in the paper.Because the biosourcedmaterial achieves a thermal transmittance of 0.15(W.m^(-2).K^(-1)),the results demonstrate an intriguing finding in terms of comfort.This value satisfies the requirements of passive building,energy autonomy of the dwelling,and injection in-network with an annual value of 15,757 kWh.Additionally,compared to the literature,the heating needs ratio is 6.38(kWh/m^(2).an)and the cooling needs ratio is 49(kWh/m^(2).an),both of which are good values.According to international norms,the inside temperature doesn’t go above 26℃,and the humidity level is within a comfortable range.

盆底超声检查和Green分型诊断产妇产后早期盆底结构及压力性尿失禁

目的:探究盆底超声检查和Green分型在产妇产后早期盆底结构及压力性尿失禁(SUI)诊断中的价值。方法:选取2021年3月-2023年3月本院就诊经产妇204例,根据产后早期(6~8周)SUI发生情况分为SUI组(82例)和非SUI组(122例)。检查产妇静息和Valsalva动作状态下膀胱颈距耻骨联合下缘的距离(BSD)、膀胱尿道后角(PUA)、膀胱颈移动度(BND)和尿道旋转角(UR),对比Green分型;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析相关参数诊断SUI价值。结果:静息状态下,两组盆底超声参数无差异(P>0.05);SUI组Valsalva动作状态下的BSD、PUA、BND和UR值均大于非SUI组,Green分型Ι型占比(25.6%)低于非SUI组(59.8%)(均P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析,Green分型曲线下面积(AUC)0.579,对SUI诊断价值不佳(P=0.057),Valsalva动作状态下BSD(AUC=0.758)、PUA(AUC=0.743)、BND(AUC=0.769)和UR(AUC=0.705)对SUI诊断价值良好(均P<0.05)。结论:盆底超声检查和Green分型能有效评估经产妇早期盆底结构状况,前者可诊断SUI。

水禽细小病毒SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立与应用

为了建立水禽细小病毒(WPV)快速检测方法,根据序列比对结果在水禽细小病毒NS基因SF3保守区域内设计特异性引物,建立SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR通用检测方法。该方法的扩增效率(E)为90.0%,相关系数(R~2)=0.99,标准曲线方程为y=-3.607x+38.77;除WPV出现S形扩增曲线外,新城疫病毒(NDV)、H9亚型禽流感病毒(H9 AIV)、鸭坦布苏病毒(DTMUV)、鸭肝炎病毒(DHAV)、鸭肠炎病毒(DEV)、鸭呼肠孤病毒(DRV)样品均未出现S形阳性扩增曲线;批内变异系数(CV)为0.15%~0.23%,批间变异系数为0.09%~0.28%。结果表明,SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR检测方法重复性好、灵敏度高和特异性强。临床样品检测结果表明,SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR与普通PCR的符合率达98.4%,灵敏度是普通PCR的1 000倍。SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR检测方法不仅能定性检测WPV,还可以进行定量检测,可用于种鸭场、种鹅场的WPV净化检测,也可用于WPV临床大量样品的快速检测。

猪流行性腹泻病毒SYBR Green I实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

为了建立高效、灵敏的猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)检测方法,本研究从GenBank数据库中获取PEDV N基因序列,扩增出PEDV N基因标准质粒,并在N基因的保守区域内设计了一对特异性荧光定量引物,成功建立了SYBR Green I实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。经过一系列试验表明,该检测方法线性关系良好,R^(2)值为0.99;特异性强,敏感性高,最低可检测至2.23 copies/μL,比普通PCR灵敏约100倍;重复性好,组内变异系数为0.25%~0.43%,组间变异系数为0.67%~0.97%;对于各地区96份临床样品检测出PEDV阳性率为25%。本研究建立的实时荧光定量PCR检测方法为PEDV的临床诊断、流行病学调查以及定量研究提供了有效的检测工具。

Effects of high CO_2 treatment on green-ripening and peel senescence in banana and plantain fruits

Banana fruit（Musa,AAA group,cv.Brazil） peel fails to fully degreen but the pulp ripens normally at temperatures above24°C.This abnormal ripening,known as green-ripening,does not occur in plantains（Musa,ABB group,cv.Dajiao）.Based on the fact that un-completely yellowing was also observed for bananas in poorly ventilated atmospheres,in the present study,the effect of high CO2 with regular O2（21%） on banana ripening was investigated along with that on plantains at20℃.The results showed that high CO2 conferred different effects on the color changing of bananas and plantains.After6 d ripening in 20%CO2,plantains fully yellowed,while bananas retained high chlorophyll content and stayed green.In contrast to the differentiated color changing patterns,the patterns of the softening,starch degradation and soluble sugar accumulation in the pulp of 20%CO2 treated bananas and plantains displayed similarly as the patterns in the fruits ripening in regular air,indicating that the pulp ripening was not inhibited by 20%CO2,and the abnormal ripening of bananas in 20%CO2 can be considered as green ripening.Similar expression levels of chlorophyll degradation related genes,SGR,NYC and PaO,were detected in the peel of the control and treated fruits,indicating that the repressed degreening in 20%CO2treated bananas was not due to the down-regulation of the chlorophyll degradation related genes.Compared to the effect on plantains,20%CO2 treatment delayed the decline in the chlorophyll florescence（F√F_m values and in the mRNA levels of a gene coding small subunit of Rubisco（SSU）,and postponed the disruption of the ultrastructure of chloroplast in the peel tissue of bananas,indicating that the senescence of the green cells in the exocarp layer was delayed by 20%CO2,to more extent in bananas than in plantains.High CO2 reduced the ethylene production and the expression of the related biosynthesis gene,ACS,but elevated the respiration rates in both cultivars.The up-regulation of the expression of anaerobic respiration pathway genes,ADH and PDC,might be responsible for the subtle effect of high CO2 on the pulp ripening.Taken together,the atmosphere of high CO2 and regular O2,delayed the senescence of the green cells in the exocarp layer of the banana peel,but conferred no obvious inhibition on the pulp ripening,leading to a distinct green-ripening that was different from the phenomenon induced by high temperatures.

美洲鳗鲡腺瘤病毒(AEAdoV)普通PCR和SYBR Green I实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立及应用

为建立美洲鳗鲡腺瘤病毒(AEAdoV)的检测方法,根据AEAdoV福建株(AEAdoVFJ)的superfamily 3 helicases(S3H)序列,设计引物,建立了AEAdoV的普通PCR和qPCR检测方法;进一步评价检测方法的灵敏性、特异性及重复性,利用2种方法对美洲鳗鲡“出血性烂鳃”病料进行了检测,并对美洲鳗鲡体内不同组织的病毒含量进行分析。结果显示,普通PCR扩增的目的片段长度约300 bp,利用其构建的qPCR质粒标准品,其拷贝数与qPCR阈值循环数(C_(t))线性关系良好,线性范围广,标准曲线相关系数(R2)达到0.999,扩增效率为105.067%。建立的普通PCR法和qPCR的最低检测AEAdoV拷贝数分别为100个和10个。2种方法均可特异性检测AEAdoV,而对蛙虹彩病毒(RGV)、鳗鲡疱疹病毒(AngHV)、鲤疱疹病毒(KHV)、对虾白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)、日本鳗鲡内皮细胞坏死病毒(JEAdoV)和花鳗鲡腺瘤病毒(MEAdoV)均无扩增反应。qPCR法的组内和组间变异系数均小于2%,表明其重复性良好。临床应用结果显示,35份美洲鳗鲡“出血性烂鳃”病料,采用普通PCR法的AEAdoV检出率为82.8%,而qPCR法的AEAdoV检出率为97%。对美洲鳗鲡不同组织的病毒含量分析结果显示,心脏、肝脏、鳃、鳍的AEAdoV相对含量较高,而黏液、皮肤和脾脏的病毒含量相对较低。研究表明,建立的AEAdoV的灵敏度高、特异性强的普通PCR和qPCR检测方法,证实AEAdoV与美洲鳗鲡“出血性烂鳃”病密切相关,且在感染鳗鲡主要组织中都存在。实验结果对于研究AEAdoV的致病性,开展其流行情况和病原学情况分析具有重要意义。

约束Green函数与非线性地基梁模态分析

在生物和医学领域,微机电系统(MEMS)中的微梁结构在植入人体的使用时,由于体内的细胞环境类似于水凝胶,在这种环境下工作,设备和仪器的精度和稳定性很大程度上受到细胞弹性的影响.为了分析此类地基梁的动力学问题,本文建立了非线性基础上的梁振动模型,研究了任意位置弹簧和非线性弹簧基础上的梁模态.通过Laplace变换和线性叠加原理,得到了一种约束Green函数,利用数值计算验证方案的有效性,并研究了各种重要物理参数的影响,发现弹簧位置向跨中移动时,模态对称性被打破,弹簧刚度增加,模态阶数改变.

SYBR GreenⅠ染料-实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应法检测发酵乳中的霉菌和酵母含量

目的建立一种应用SYBR GreenⅠ染料的实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应法快速检测发酵乳中的霉菌和酵母菌。方法本研究针对霉菌与酵母菌的保守序列设计引物,确定最优反应体系与反应条件。通过熔解曲线以及非目标菌株的检测验证该方法的特异性;通过菌悬液的梯度稀释检测确定该方法的灵敏度;通过菌悬液与发酵乳样品混合后进行检测,确定该方法的检出限,并得到标准曲线。结果该方法能够特异性的检测发酵乳中的霉菌、酵母菌,无交叉反应。该方法检测霉菌、酵母菌的灵敏度均为10^(2) CFU/mL,并且当菌悬液与发酵乳样品混合后,并没有降低该方法的检出限。在10^(2)~10^(6) CFU/mL浓度范围内,菌液浓度的对数值与循环阈值(cyclethreshold,Ct)具有良好的线性关系,可以在市售样品的检测中通过Ct值计算样品中目标菌的含量,更快的判断发酵乳是否被霉菌、酵母菌污染。结论该方法可用于发酵乳中霉菌和酵母菌的快速检测,为发酵乳的食品安全提供了技术保障。

3型哺乳动物正呼肠孤病毒SYBR Green I荧光定量PCR方法的建立及应用

哺乳动物正呼肠孤病毒(MRV)是双链RNA病毒,可以感染自然宿主的哺乳动物和脊椎动物。为建立一种针对3型哺乳动物正呼肠孤病毒(MRV-3)的特异且快速的检测方法,本研究根据Genbank登录的MRV-3(OQ627746-OQ627755)S1基因保守区设计1对特异性引物,并从MRV-3中扩增S1基因,构建重组质粒p MD18-S1,经PCR和测序鉴定正确后作为质粒标准品,经反应体系及反应条件优化后首次初步建立了检测MRV-3的SYBR Green I荧光定量PCR(q PCR)方法。将质粒标准品10倍倍比稀释后作为模板经该q PCR扩增,建立标准曲线,结果显示,质粒标准品在1.3×10^(8)拷贝/μL~1.3×10^(3)拷贝/μL与各自的Ct值均呈良好的线性关系,斜率为-3.1706,R^(2)为0.9999,熔解曲线为单峰。以牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)、牛肠道病毒(BEV)、水牛匈爱病毒(Buf Hu V)、牛冠状病毒(BCo V)、牛细小病毒(BPV)和MRV-3的基因组DNA/c DNA为模板,利用本研究建立的q PCR方法检测,评估该方法的特异性;将质粒标准品10倍倍比稀释至1.3×10^(2)拷贝/μL~1.3×10^(8)拷贝/μL后作为模板,分别利用本研究建立的q PCR和常规PCR检测,比较两种方法的检测结果,评估本研究建立q PCR方法的敏感性;以1.3×10^(3)拷贝/μL~1.3×10^(7)拷贝/μL 5个不同浓度的质粒标准品为模板,利用该方法分别进行批内和批间的重复性试验,评估该方法的重复性。结果显示,该方法只能检测出MRV-3,其他相关病原的检测结果均为阴性;该q PCR对质粒标准品的检测限为1.3×10^(3)拷贝/μL,比常规PCR敏感性高10 000倍;批内和批间重复性试验的变异系数均小于或等于1.0%,表明该q PCR方法特异性强、敏感性高、重复性好。利用该方法检测220份牛粪便样品,结果显示MRV-3的检出率(3.64%,8/220)高于常规PCR的检出率(1.36%,3/220),两种检测方法的阳性符合率达100%,阴性符合率为97.75%,总符合率为97.78%。综上所述,本研究首次建立的检测MRV-3的SYBR Green I q PCR方法可以用于临床牛腹泻病原的检测,为MRV-3尤其是牛源MRV-3提供了一种快速灵敏的检测手段,也为MRV-3的后续研究奠定了基础。

三疣梭子蟹十足目虹彩病毒1 SYBR Green I荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立及初步应用

为建立十足目虹彩病毒1(decapod iridescent virus 1,DIV1)的SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量PCR检测方法,根据DIV1的MCP和ATPase基因序列,设计并筛选出引物,以制备的DIV1阳性质粒标准品为模板构建标准曲线,建立DIV1的SYBR Green I qPCR方法,并对该方法进行临床初步应用。结果显示,建立的qPCR方法阈值循环数(cycle threshold value,Ct)与标准品拷贝数的对数线性关系良好,标准曲线相关系数(R^(2))为0.999;对DIV1阳性的虾蟹核酸样本能够进行特异性扩增,但对传染性脾肾坏死病毒(infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus,ISKNV)和白斑综合征病毒(white spot syndrome virus,WSSV)阳性核酸样本均无扩增;最低检测限为9.77 copies/μL;Ct值的组内和组间变异系数均小于1%。运用该方法对70份疑似感染DIV1的虾蟹类样本进行DIV1检测,该方法阳性率为48.57%,与套式PCR检测方法的阳性率一致;利用建立的方法对DIV1阳性三疣梭子蟹的血淋巴、肝胰腺及心脏等组织进行定量检测分析,结果显示各组织中均存在DIV1,其中血淋巴中DIV1平均拷贝数最高。研究表明,建立的SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量PCR方法特异性强、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于对DIV1的快速、定量检测,对十足目虹彩病毒病的诊断和防控具有重要意义。

Melatonin delays leaf senescence in pak choi(Brassica rapa subsp.chinensis)by regulating biosynthesis of the second messenger cGMP

Melatonin(MT)is a low molecular weight compound with multiple biological functions in plants.It is known to delay leaf senescence in various species.However,no data are available on the MT signaling pathway in postharvest vegetables.This study demonstrates that MT increases cGMP concentration and the expression of the cGMP synthesis gene BcGC1 in pak choi.The c GMP inhibitor LY83583 destroys effect of MT delaying the leaf senescence.LY83583 also prevents MT treatment from reducing the expression of chlorophyll metabolism-related genes(BcNYC1,BcNOL,BcPPH1/2,BcSGR1/2,and BcPAO)and senescence genes(BcSAG12 and BcSAG21).It also inhibits MT from reducing the activity of the key chlorophyll catabolism enzymes Mg-dechelatase,pheophytinase,and pheide a oxygenase.Thus,the ability of MT to maintain high levels of chlorophyll metabolites is also destroyed.The Arabidopsis c GMP synthetic gene mutant atgc1 was used to confirm that delayed leaf senescence caused by MT is mediated,at least in part,by the second messenger c GMP.

Rice ONAC016 promotes leaf senescence through abscisic acid signaling pathway involving OsNAP

Senescence-induced NAC(senNAC)TFs play a crucial role in senescence during the final stage of leaf development.In this study,we identified a rice senNAC,ONAC016,which functions as a positive regulator of leaf senescence.The expression of ONAC016 increased rapidly in rice leaves during the progression of dark-induced and natural senescence.The onac016-1 knockout mutant showed a delayed leaf yellowing phenotype,whereas the overexpression of ONAC016 accelerated leaf senescence.Notably,ONAC016 expression was upregulated by abscisic acid(ABA),and thus detached leaves of the onac016-1 mutant remained green much longer under ABA treatment.Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that ONAC016 upregulates the genes associated with chlorophyll degradation,senescence,and ABA signaling.Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays revealed that ONAC016 binds directly to the promoter regions of OsNAP,a key gene involved in chlorophyll degradation and ABA-induced senescence.Taken together,these results suggest that ONAC016 plays an important role in promoting leaf senescence through the ABA signaling pathway involving OsNAP.

Reviewing electrochemical stability of ionic liquids-/deep eutectic solvents-based electrolytes in lithium-ion,lithium-metal and post-lithium-ion batteries for green and safe energy

Sustainable energy is the key issue for the environment protection,human activity and economic development.Ionic liquids(ILs)and deep eutectic solvents(DESs)are dogmatically regarded as green and sustainable electrolytes in lithium-ion,lithium-metal(e.g.,lithium-sulphur,lithium-oxygen)and post-lithium-ion(e.g.,sodium-ion,magnesium-ion,and aluminum-ion)batteries.High electrochemical stability of ILs/DESs is one of the prerequisites for green,sustainable and safe energy;while easy electrochemical decomposition of ILs/DESs would be contradictory to the concept of green chemistry by adding the cost,releasing volatile/hazardous by-products and hindering the recyclability.However,(1)are ILs/DESs-based electrolytes really electrochemically stable when they are not used in batteries?(2)are ILs/DESs-based electrolytes really electrochemically stable in real batteries?(3)how to design ILs/DESs-based electrolytes with high electrochemical stability for batteries to achieve sustainability and green development?Up to now,there is no summary on this topic,to the best of our knowledge.Here,we review the effect of chemical structure and non-structural factors on the electrochemical stability of ILs/DESs in simulated conditions.More importantly,electrochemical stability of ILs/DESs in real lithium-ion,lithium-metal and post-lithium-ion batteries is concluded and compared.Finally,the strategies to improve the electrochemical stability of ILs/DESs in lithium-ion,lithium-metal and post-lithium-ion batteries are proposed.This review would provide a guide to design ILs/DESs with high electrochemical stability for lithium-ion,lithium-metal and postlithium-ion batteries to achieve sustainable and green energy.

Ethylene accelerates maize leaf senescence in response to nitrogen deficiency by regulating chlorophyll metabolism and autophagy

Leaf senescence is an orderly and highly coordinated process,and finely regulated by ethylene and nitrogen(N),ultimately affecting grain yield and nitrogen-use efficiency(NUE).However,the underlying regulatory mechanisms on the crosstalk between ethylene-and N-regulated leaf senescence remain a mystery in maize.In this study,ethylene biosynthesis gene ZmACS7 overexpressing(OE-ZmACS7)plants were used to study the role of ethylene regulating leaf senescence in response to N deficiency,and they exhibited the premature leaf senescence accompanied by increased ethylene release,decreased chlorophyll content and F_v/F_m ratio,and accelerated chloroplast degradation.Then,we investigated the dynamics changes of transcriptome reprogramming underlying ethylene-accelerated leaf senescence in response to N deficiency.The differentially expressed genes(DEGs)involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis were significantly down-regulated,while DEGs involved in chlorophyll degradation and autophagy processes were significantly up-regulated,especially in OE-ZmACS7 plants in response to N deficiency.A gene regulatory network(GRN)was predicted during ethylene-accelerated leaf senescence in response to N deficiency.Three transcription factors(TFs)ZmHSF4,Zmb HLH106,and ZmEREB147 were identified as the key regulatory genes,which targeted chlorophyll biosynthesis gene ZmLES22,chlorophyll degradation gene ZmNYC1,and autophagy-related gene ZmATG5,respectively.Furthermore,ethylene signaling key genes might be located upstream of these TFs,generating the signaling cascade networks during ethylene-accelerated leaf senescence in response to N deficiency.Collectively,these findings improve our molecular knowledge of ethylene-accelerated maize leaf senescence in response to N deficiency,which is promising to improve NUE by manipulating the progress of leaf senescence in maize.

香辛料SYBR GREENⅠ染料实时聚合酶链式反应检测方法的建立及应用

目的:本研究致力于建立香辛料真实性成分的分子鉴定方法,为香辛料的掺假提供有效的鉴定和检测方法,在不同的使用条件下分别实现定性或半定量分析,为建立相关标准提供一定的基础技术支撑。方法:研究采用SYBR GREENⅠ染料实时聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)方法,通过设计特异性引物成功建立了特异性检测八角、茴香、胡椒和花椒的分析技术。结果:该方法能够特异性检测出八角、茴香、胡椒、花椒,Ct值在标准品体积分数0.001%~10%范围内线性关系良好。针对八角标准品,检测限为1%;针对茴香、花椒、胡椒标准品,最检测限均为0.001%。利用该方法对5份实际样本进行检测,分别在样本1中未检测出八角、茴香、胡椒、花椒;样本2、3、5中检测出八角、茴香、胡椒;样本4中检测出八角、茴香、胡椒、花椒。结论:本实验建立的SYBR GREENⅠ染料实时PCR方法灵敏度高、重复性好,可应用于实际样品的检测。

Silencing of peroxiredoxin 2 suppresses proliferation and Wnt/β-catenin pathway,and induces senescence in hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),a common malignancy worldwide,still lacks effective clinical treatment.The study aimed to investigate the oncogenes that affect the progression of HCC and their possible mechanisms.In our study,we initially confirmed a higher level of PRDX2 in the bile of HCC patients compared to those with choledocholithiasis by 2-DE,LC-MS,and ELISA.Subsequently,we demonstrated the high expression of peroxiredoxin 2(PRDX2)in HCC based on the TCGA database and clinical sample analysis.Furthermore,PRDX2 overexpression enhanced the viability of HCC cells.And PRDX2 silencing induced senescence of HCC cells.In vivo,knockdown of PRDX2 significantly reduced the weight of xenograft tumors.PRDX2 also was found to activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by inducingβ-catenin nuclear translocation.Consequently,we proved that silencing PRDX2 could inhibit proliferation and Wnt/β-catenin pathway while promoting senescence in HCC cells.

Deep eutectic solvents:Green multi-task agents for sustainable super green hydrogen technologies

While reliance on renewable energy resources has become a reality, there is still a need to deploy greener and more sustainable methods in order to achieve sustainable development goals. Indeed, green hydrogen is currently believed to be a reliable solution for global warming and the pollution challenges arising from fossil fuels, making it the resilient fuel of the future. However, the sustainability of green hydrogen technologies is yet to be achieved. In this context, generation of green hydrogen with the aid of deep eutectic solvents(DESs) as green mixtures has been demonstrated as a promising research area. This systematic review article covers green hydrogen generation through water splitting and biomass fermentation when DESs are utilized within the generation process. It also discusses the incorporation of DESs in fuel cell technologies. DESs can play a variety of roles such as solvent, electrolyte, or precursor;colloidal suspension and reaction medium;galvanic replacement, shape-controlling, decoration, or extractive agent;finally oxidant. These roles are relevant to several methods of green hydrogen generation, including electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and fermentation. As such, it is of utmost importance to screen potential DES formulations and determine how they can function in and contribute throughout the green hydrogen mobility stages. The realization of super green hydrogen generation stands out as a pivotal milestone in our journey towards achieving a more sustainable form of development;DESs have great potential in making this milestone achievable. Overall, incorporating DESs in hydrogen generation constitutes a promising research area and offers potential scalability for green hydrogen production, storage,transport, and utilization.