Current characteristics and vertical variations during summer and autumn in the southern East China Sea were investigated by measuring current profile, tide, wind, and wave data for 90 d from July 28 to October 25, 20...Current characteristics and vertical variations during summer and autumn in the southern East China Sea were investigated by measuring current profile, tide, wind, and wave data for 90 d from July 28 to October 25, 2015. Our results are:(1) The current was mainly a(clockwise) rotating flow, displaying reciprocating flow characteristics,and vertically the current directions were the same throughout the vertical profile.(2) The horizontal current speed was strongest during August(summer) with an average speed of 51.8 cm/s. The average current speeds during spring tides were highest in August and weakest in September, with speeds of 59.9 and 42.8 cm/s,respectively.(3) Considerable differences exist in average current speeds in different layers and seasons. The highest average current speeds were found in the middle–upper layers in August and in the middle–lower layers in September and October.(4) The residual current speed was highest in August, when the speed was 12.5–47.1 cm/s,whereas the vertical average current speed was 34.3 cm/s. The depth-averaged residual current speeds in September and October were only 50% of that in August, and the residual current direction gradually rotated in a counter-clockwise direction from the lower to surface layers.(5) Typhoon waves had a significant influence on the currents, and even affected the middle and lower water layers at depths of >70.0 m. Our results showed that the currents are controlled by the dynamic interplay of the Taiwan Warm Current, incursion of the Kuroshio Current onto the continental shelf, and monsoonal changes.展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed to analyze the disastrous weather of serious drought in Northwest Hunan in summer and autumn of 2009.[Method] According to the meteorological data in Zhangjiajie of Northwest Hunan durin...[Objective] The research aimed to analyze the disastrous weather of serious drought in Northwest Hunan in summer and autumn of 2009.[Method] According to the meteorological data in Zhangjiajie of Northwest Hunan during the drought period from June to September,2009,the disaster characteristics of continuous drought in summer and autumn were analyzed.Based on NCEP/NCAR 2.5°×2.5° reanalysis data,by using the climatic diagnostic method,the formation reason of serious drought was initially analyzed from the circulation characteristics in the middle and high latitudes,Western Pacific subtropical high,the abnormal characteristics of sea surface temperature in the equatorial Middle Eastern Pacific Ocean and the tropical system activity.[Result] The characteristics of serious drought in Northwest Hunan in summer and autumn of 2009 were the quick developed speed,wide influence range,long duration,big disaster loss and long high temperature time.The influence range,duration and harm degree were rare to see in the history.During the arid period(June-September),the atmospheric circulation was abnormal.The polar vortex in the northern hemisphere was weak,and the center was by north.It was two-trough-one-ridge type in the middle and high latitudes of Eurasia.The long-wave trough existed respectively near Balkhash Lake and from Sea of Okhotsk to the east coast in China.The long-wave ridge maintained from Lake Baikal to Central Asia and stabilized in 90°-110° E of Central Asia.From the middle dekad of June to the middle dekad of September,the westerly index increased.The zonal circulation was the main one in the middle and high latitudes of Eurasia.The cold air in the high-latitude frontal zone spread eastward with the small-amplitude fluctuation form along the latitude circle direction,and was difficult to pass the westerly barrier near 45° N to reach the low latitude.Meanwhile,Western Pacific subtropical high jumped northward to control Jiangnan and South China for a long time.The down airflow was prevalent.It was hot and rainless.The drought developed quickly.The sea surface temperature in the equatorial Middle Eastern Pacific Ocean started to rise in June,and it entered into El Nino state.When El Nino event of obvious temperature increasing started to appear in spring and summer,the plum rain amount was less in the middle and low reaches of Yangtze River in the year or next year.The probability was 80%.In El Nino year,the typhoon was less.In addition,for the influence of strong Western Pacific subtropical high,the landing pathway of typhoon was by east or south.The kind of typhoon had the small role for easing the drought in Northwest Hunan.[Conclusion] The research provided the theory basis for improving the prediction level of short-term climate and the understanding of extreme climate event.展开更多
Summer is nearly the best time to be living in Beijing.However,the only thing even better is the end of summer and the start of Beijing’s extremely brief autumn.Summer is nearly the best time to be living in Beijing....Summer is nearly the best time to be living in Beijing.However,the only thing even better is the end of summer and the start of Beijing’s extremely brief autumn.Summer is nearly the best time to be living in Beijing.When the sun and the blue skies come out,and there is a slight breeze,everyone takes their life outside.The atmosphere in the hutongs are exceedingly friendly,and the people are excited to share their life with you.However,the only thing even better is the end展开更多
[ Objective] The aim was to introduce the breeding process of natural colorful cocoon silkworm variety, Chuancan No. 24. [ Method] By cross breeding and pedigree separation, the silkworm variety, Chuancan No. 24, with...[ Objective] The aim was to introduce the breeding process of natural colorful cocoon silkworm variety, Chuancan No. 24. [ Method] By cross breeding and pedigree separation, the silkworm variety, Chuancan No. 24, with double sex-limited markings and strong vitality and for sum- mer-Autumn rearing was bred. [ Result] The results of laboratory identification and countryside test in Sichuan Province indicated that the Chuancan No. 24 was strong and could be reared easily. They had uniform development and excellent quality of cocoon and silk. In addition, their sexes could be identified by larval body color and markings. The main indexes are as follows： cocoon yield per 10 003 fourth instar larvae, 19.66 kg; filament length, 1 241.29 m; length of non-broken filament, 941.99 mm; reelability, 75.87% ; raw silk ratio of fresh cocoon, 17.07% ; and neatness, 94.03 points. The main economic features of new variety were better than those of the control. [ Conclusion] The Chuancan No. 24 has been approved by the Sichuan Silkworm Evaluation Commission, and it is suitable to rear this new variety in some regions of the Yangtze River drainage basin, such as Sichuan Province and Chongqing.展开更多
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No. 2016YFC1401207the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. 41625021the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under contract No. BK20170953.
文摘Current characteristics and vertical variations during summer and autumn in the southern East China Sea were investigated by measuring current profile, tide, wind, and wave data for 90 d from July 28 to October 25, 2015. Our results are:(1) The current was mainly a(clockwise) rotating flow, displaying reciprocating flow characteristics,and vertically the current directions were the same throughout the vertical profile.(2) The horizontal current speed was strongest during August(summer) with an average speed of 51.8 cm/s. The average current speeds during spring tides were highest in August and weakest in September, with speeds of 59.9 and 42.8 cm/s,respectively.(3) Considerable differences exist in average current speeds in different layers and seasons. The highest average current speeds were found in the middle–upper layers in August and in the middle–lower layers in September and October.(4) The residual current speed was highest in August, when the speed was 12.5–47.1 cm/s,whereas the vertical average current speed was 34.3 cm/s. The depth-averaged residual current speeds in September and October were only 50% of that in August, and the residual current direction gradually rotated in a counter-clockwise direction from the lower to surface layers.(5) Typhoon waves had a significant influence on the currents, and even affected the middle and lower water layers at depths of >70.0 m. Our results showed that the currents are controlled by the dynamic interplay of the Taiwan Warm Current, incursion of the Kuroshio Current onto the continental shelf, and monsoonal changes.
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to analyze the disastrous weather of serious drought in Northwest Hunan in summer and autumn of 2009.[Method] According to the meteorological data in Zhangjiajie of Northwest Hunan during the drought period from June to September,2009,the disaster characteristics of continuous drought in summer and autumn were analyzed.Based on NCEP/NCAR 2.5°×2.5° reanalysis data,by using the climatic diagnostic method,the formation reason of serious drought was initially analyzed from the circulation characteristics in the middle and high latitudes,Western Pacific subtropical high,the abnormal characteristics of sea surface temperature in the equatorial Middle Eastern Pacific Ocean and the tropical system activity.[Result] The characteristics of serious drought in Northwest Hunan in summer and autumn of 2009 were the quick developed speed,wide influence range,long duration,big disaster loss and long high temperature time.The influence range,duration and harm degree were rare to see in the history.During the arid period(June-September),the atmospheric circulation was abnormal.The polar vortex in the northern hemisphere was weak,and the center was by north.It was two-trough-one-ridge type in the middle and high latitudes of Eurasia.The long-wave trough existed respectively near Balkhash Lake and from Sea of Okhotsk to the east coast in China.The long-wave ridge maintained from Lake Baikal to Central Asia and stabilized in 90°-110° E of Central Asia.From the middle dekad of June to the middle dekad of September,the westerly index increased.The zonal circulation was the main one in the middle and high latitudes of Eurasia.The cold air in the high-latitude frontal zone spread eastward with the small-amplitude fluctuation form along the latitude circle direction,and was difficult to pass the westerly barrier near 45° N to reach the low latitude.Meanwhile,Western Pacific subtropical high jumped northward to control Jiangnan and South China for a long time.The down airflow was prevalent.It was hot and rainless.The drought developed quickly.The sea surface temperature in the equatorial Middle Eastern Pacific Ocean started to rise in June,and it entered into El Nino state.When El Nino event of obvious temperature increasing started to appear in spring and summer,the plum rain amount was less in the middle and low reaches of Yangtze River in the year or next year.The probability was 80%.In El Nino year,the typhoon was less.In addition,for the influence of strong Western Pacific subtropical high,the landing pathway of typhoon was by east or south.The kind of typhoon had the small role for easing the drought in Northwest Hunan.[Conclusion] The research provided the theory basis for improving the prediction level of short-term climate and the understanding of extreme climate event.
文摘Summer is nearly the best time to be living in Beijing.However,the only thing even better is the end of summer and the start of Beijing’s extremely brief autumn.Summer is nearly the best time to be living in Beijing.When the sun and the blue skies come out,and there is a slight breeze,everyone takes their life outside.The atmosphere in the hutongs are exceedingly friendly,and the people are excited to share their life with you.However,the only thing even better is the end
基金funded by the Agricultural Science and Technology Achievements Transformation Fund Programs (2010GB2F000412)
文摘[ Objective] The aim was to introduce the breeding process of natural colorful cocoon silkworm variety, Chuancan No. 24. [ Method] By cross breeding and pedigree separation, the silkworm variety, Chuancan No. 24, with double sex-limited markings and strong vitality and for sum- mer-Autumn rearing was bred. [ Result] The results of laboratory identification and countryside test in Sichuan Province indicated that the Chuancan No. 24 was strong and could be reared easily. They had uniform development and excellent quality of cocoon and silk. In addition, their sexes could be identified by larval body color and markings. The main indexes are as follows： cocoon yield per 10 003 fourth instar larvae, 19.66 kg; filament length, 1 241.29 m; length of non-broken filament, 941.99 mm; reelability, 75.87% ; raw silk ratio of fresh cocoon, 17.07% ; and neatness, 94.03 points. The main economic features of new variety were better than those of the control. [ Conclusion] The Chuancan No. 24 has been approved by the Sichuan Silkworm Evaluation Commission, and it is suitable to rear this new variety in some regions of the Yangtze River drainage basin, such as Sichuan Province and Chongqing.
文摘目的探究灵芝菌固态发酵下夏秋梅占红茶的风味特征。方法采用高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)、电子舌(electronic tongue,E-tongue)与气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)相结合,利用多元统计分析,对夏秋梅占灵芝菌茶的滋味与香气品质特征进行判定。结果与夏秋梅占红茶相比,梅占灵芝菌茶在滋味与香气特征上具有差异,HPLC检测结果显示儿茶素类、咖啡碱类苦涩味物质及部分氨基酸类物质含量显著下降,电子舌结果表明甜味响应值增加,苦味、鲜味响应值降低。其中梅占灵芝菌茶中脯氨酸、没食子酸、儿茶素没食子酸与苦味特性呈显著负相关,天冬氨酸、丙氨酸与涩味特性呈显著负相关,丙氨酸与鲜味特性呈极显著正相关,没食子儿茶素与鲜味特性呈显著正相关。挥发性成分上,建立正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA)模型,选取模型中变量重要性投影(variable importance in the projection,VIP)值>1的香气化合物作为关键香气差异特征化合物,经筛选共得到48个,其中酮类6个,醛类9个,醇类15个,酯类7个,酸类化3个,其他芳烯类、呋喃等烷烃类8个,共有8个化合物相对含量上升,40个化合物相对含量下降。结论在灵芝菌影响下,对夏秋梅占红茶滋味与香气特征具有改善作用,此研究为夏秋茶的品质改善与多元化利用提供了新路径。
