Urban Pocket Park System Planning Based on Low Carbon Comprehensive Benefits: A Case Study of Chaowai District in Beijing

Low carbon landscape development is an emerging approach of landscape design,which aims to promote sustainable development,and reduce energy consumption and environmental impact by reducing carbon emissions.As an important component of low carbon landscape construction,the construction of urban pocket park system based on mini-parks plays a crucial role in improving the urban greening level,increasing the urban green space,alleviating the urban pressure,improving the living and healthy environment of urban residents,and promoting the urban ecological balance.Taking Chaowai district of Beijing as an example,this paper calculates the ecological value of trees including energy contribution,carbon sequestration,ability to improve rainfall runoff and aesthetic value by collecting the information of trees and the plot on which the trees are located through the i-Tree platform,which provides important reference value for the urban pocket park system planning to create low carbon comprehensive benefits.

Butterfly taxonomic and functional diversity in the urban green spaces of Hefei city

Urbanization has profound impacts on ecological environments. Green spaces are a vital component of urban ecosystems and play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and enhancing sustainability. This study aimed to investigate the community composition characteristics of butterflies in urban green spaces within the context of rapid urbanization. Simultaneously, it explored the status and differences in butterfly taxonomic diversity, functional diversity, and functional traits among different types of urban green spaces, regions, and urban gradients to provide relevant insights for further improving urban green space quality and promoting biodiversity conservation. We conducted a year-long survey of 80 green spaces across different urban regions and ring roads within Hefei City, Anhui Province, with monthly sampling intervals over 187 transects. A total of 4822 butterflies, belonging to 5 families, 17 subfamilies, 40 genera, and 55 species were identified. The species richness, Shannon, Simpson, functional richness, and Rao's quadratic entropy indices of butterflies in urban park green spaces were all significantly higher than those in residential and street green spaces(P < 0.05). Differences in butterfly diversity and functional traits among different urban regions and ring roads were relatively minor, and small-sized, multivoltine, and long flying duration butterflies dominated urban green spaces. Overall, these spaces offer more favorable habitats for butterflies. However, some residential green spaces and street green spaces demonstrate potential for butterfly conservation.

Research on the Green Planning in Rural Settlements of Hui Nationality in Central Ningxia

Targeted at the residence status in rural settlements of Hui people in central Ningxia Hui Nationality Autonomous Region, this research revealed that the construction of new countryside and the transformation of old countryside all have to be on the basis of present topography, landform, environment, social-economic level, education, religion, customs, living habits and so on. The primary goal of this research was to find a method of ecology, low energy consumption and sustainable development to bring the green planning implementation strategies, to provide guidance for sustainable planning in the rural settlements of Hui Nationality in central Ningxia.

Study on the Layout of Urban Planning in Rapid Urbanization Areas under the Background of Air Pollution

China＇s urbanization has been over the medium-term process,which has made great achievements,but also triggered a huge problem of air pollution. Air pollution has become a big problem after the water pollution in China,and a serious threat to people＇s life and health. Under the background of ＂ the construction of beautiful China＂ and rapid urbanization,how to build a beautiful home has become the focus of attention. Taking Shenyang as an example,the author contrastively analyses the spatial distribution of the main air pollutants（ PM10,PM2. 5,and SO2） and the present situation of land use,and thus finds out the rules between pollutants distribution and land use. Then combining the urban planning scheme and the rules obtained above,reasonable suggestions are proposed for the scheme to improve the air quality,and reduce or avoid air pollution,and providing the basis for the construction of a piece of blue sky. The conclusions are as follows： 1 air pollutants concentration above Light Oil Gas Making Factory in south vice city of Shenyang reaches the peak value,and industrial point source is the main air pollutants emission source; 2 pollutants concentration above greenbelt is the lowest; 3 the overall spatial structure of urban planning can insulate the industrial agglomeration areas to some extent; greenbelt planning covers 40%- 50% of the area with high concentration of air pollutants,and it is suggested to achieve full coverage; traffic planning can achieve shunt most of the pollutants in many regions,but it can also expand the scope of pollutants in some certain regions,in such regions,it should reduce the road density.

Exploring the “Green” Transformation Planning of Industrial Parks in the Era of Low Carbon Economy

The core function of the low carbon economy is to change the economic development trend of the whole society. It is necessary to carry out industrial transformation and upgrading according to the concept of sustainable development and to realize integrated technological innovation and efficient economic development without violating the law of ecological and environmental development. In the era of the low-carbon economy, industrial parks should solidly promote the green transformation planning process. Relying on the basic logical framework of green transformation of industrial parks, it can build a green development quality evaluation system of industrial parks and formulate a green planning mechanism and green economic cycle development model in line with the background of the low-carbon economy.

Landscapes Construction of Ecological, Cultural and Active Residential Districts with the Design of Longji Flower City as an Example

With the accelerating development of modern residential districts and the improvement of living levels, the requirement of people on environment is increasingly enhanced as well as the demand for culture. Based on people-oriented principle, this design utilized Chinese 'Fu' (blessings) culture to express people’s eager for a better life and the atmosphere of good fortune. It also produced the image of ecological environment by designing water landscapes and plant landscapes, created active space like squares for activity and active water system and developed the characteristics of residential districts by designing landscape sketches and plant landscapes.

Global Climate Change and China's Green Development

For China, green industrial revolution induced by global climate change poses not only the greatest challenge, but also the greatest opportunity. In the perspective of China's basic national conditions, and especially its natural conditions, China's green development is the inevitable path of choice for the realization of sustainable development and scientific development. The essence of China's modernization 2050 is green modernization, taking the three-step strategy towards China's own green development and energy conservation and emission reduction. In combination with the 12 th Five Year Plan, its innovative positioning is "green development plan".

Concepts for Planning Urban Greening since 1850s

Urban greening, urban forestry and urban green structure planning all look at a city as a unit andintend to improve the status of green space in the city. Even though they are new terms, their concepts haveevolved over a rather long period. This paper presents a historical review of western concepts for urbangreening since the 1850s. The first aim is to establish an overview of how the urban greening concept hasdeveloped and what the relationships are between the historical concepts and urban greening, urban forestryand urban green structure planning today. The secondary purpose is to understand some key issues for urbangreening through the examination of historical precedents. Based on a literature review, the paper presentsseveral historical concepts for urban greening rampart area planning, park system, green belts, greenwedges and greenways. The new concept of urban green structure is also introduced. Each concept is defined.The social background and the influence on city development are described. The review shows that theconcept of urban greening has a long history, parallel with the development of the city planning concepts.The scope of urban greening has become larger over the past years. The functions of urban green space havechanged from single-purpose to multi-purpose. The study indicates that historical concepts may still giveinspiration in todays urban greening process.

Emerald Cities: Planning for Smart and Green China

Year:2017Publisher:China Architecture&Building Press ISBN:9787112212927(347 pages,in Chinese)Emerald Cities:Planning for Smart and Green China collects andsummarizes many hot topics in the current urban and rural planning,and proposes 10 low carbon city development principles.Regarding city master planning,it is suggested to define the urban growthboundary,and practice compact,mixed,and transit oriented devel-

Prediction of Wind Erosion over a Heritage Site: A Case Study of Yongling Mausoleum, China

To protect heritage buildings better,a method exploiting computational fluid dynamics(CFD)was developed for the analysis of wind erosion at a heritage site.Over a two-year period,we collected measurements of hourly weather data at Xinbin County to obtain statistics of wind speeds and directions for the Yongling Mausoleum.Subsequent results from CFD simulations show that before greening,with wind speeds reaching 10 m/s,certain structures(southwest-facing corners,doors and windows on open sides,places where swirling winds develop,and eaves of sloping roofs)of four heritage buildings were eroded more severely.With appropriate greening,plants may exert their unique ecological presence to better protect heritage buildings and their historical environments.After greening,the severity of damage to these vulnerable structures by wind was reduced.With wind speeds reaching 10 m/s,the average pressure on the structures of each building was 0.41-27.85 Pa,representing a reduction of 2.4%-75.6%from pressures before greening.We also constructed a 1:500-scale model to verify in experiments the correctness of CFD simulation qualitatively.The CFD simulations were found to provide an effective method to investigate and predict wind erosion of the heritage site.

Urban Forestry as a Vehicle for Healthy and Sustainable Development

Urban forestry has been defined as the art, science and technology of managing trees and forestresources in and around urban community ecosystems for the physiological, sociological, economic andaesthetic benefits trees provide. The importance of urban forestry has received limited attention in manypoor countries as it is often percieved as being associated with beautification projects, which are considereda luxury benefiting only the wealthier part of the population. However, urban forestry may have a number ofenvironmental, economic and socio-cultural values, which will also benefit poorer segments of city populations.Even in poorer countries, planning for urban trees and forests is a good investment, as these areas will bedemanded when income levels increase. Once everything is allocated to other construction or infrastructure,it may be very difficult to create new green areas unless these are planned for.The Danish Centre for Forest, Landscape and Planning has been leading actor in the development of UrbanForestry during the last decade. EUFORIC (European Urban Forestry Research and Information Centre),COST Action E12 Urban Forests and Trees and E39 Forests, Trees and Human Health and Wellbeing areall examples of activities initiated and coordinated by the Danish centre. It has also developed urban forestryand urban greening as a concept for environment and development aid projects in Eastern Europe anddeveloping countries in Southeast Asia and Southern Africa. Over the coming years, the main challange willbe to ensure that the expansion of the green infrastructure in the worlds urban areas is implemented withinthe framework of sustainability and human health and well-being, without the use of a technology inimical toman and nature and with as few chemical aids as possible.