Influence mechanism of government subsidy on the green transformation of coal company in China

The optimization of government subsidies to enhance the efficiency of coal companies’green transformation constitutes a critical component in the pursuit of global sustainability.We investigate the influence mechanism of government subsidies on the green transformation using data from the listed coal companies in China from 2007 to 2022.According to our findings and hypothesis testing,previous government subsidies did not have a significant direct impact on coal companies’green transformation.Nevertheless,government subsidies can help coal companies transition to greener practices by promoting innovative green initiatives.Furthermore,we confirmed an indirect route:that government subsidies enable the adoption of low-carbon initiatives,which in turn could facilitate the transition of coal companies towards green practices.In addition,we discovered that the coal company’s digitization will improve this indirect route.Thus,we propose increasing the effectiveness of government subsidies in facilitating coal companies’transition to green practices by focusing on technological advancements and enhancing company digitalization.

Green transformation paths of resource-based cities in China from the configuration perspective

Green transformation is an unavoidable choice for resource-based cities(RBCs)that face resource depletion and environmental pollution.Existing research has focused primarily on specific RBCs,making it challenging to apply green transformation strategies universally across cities.The fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA)is a combination of qualitative and quantitative analyses that can handle multiple concurrent causality problems and determine how different conditions combine into configurations and generate an outcome.Thus,to address this gap,in this study,we established a research framework for green transformation and utilized the fsQCA to examine the configurations of 113 RBCs in China.By incorporating the element of time,this study explored the dynamic evolution of solutions in 2013,2016,and 2019.The main findings indicate that individual elements do not constitute the necessary conditions for improving the green transformation efficiency(GTE),and the systematic combination of multiple conditions is an effective path for realizing the improvement of the GTE in RBCs.Green transformation paths of RBCs exhibit the same destination through different paths.Additionally,the combination of system environment elements and system structure elements is both complementary and alternative.Differences in RBCs have led to various factor combinations and development paths,but there are some similarities in the key elements of the factor combinations at different stages.Economic environment,government support,and technological innovation are key factors that universally enhance the GTE in RBCs.These insights can assist city managers in formulating policies to drive green transformation and contribute to a better theoretical understanding of green transformation paths in RBCs.

Does Green Food Certification promote agri-food export quality?Evidence from China

The construction of a food certification system plays a vital role in upgrading export quality, which previous studies have largely overlooked. We match China's industry-level data of Green Food Certification with its HS6-digit export data of agri-food products to quantify the impact of Green Food Certification on export quality. We identify the significant and positive effect of Green Food Certification on export quality. The 2SLS estimation based on instrumental variables and a range of robustness checks confirm the validity and robustness of the benchmark conclusions. Further analysis discloses that Green Food Certification improves export quality by raising agricultural production efficiency and brand premiums. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the effect of Green Food Certification varies across regions, notably improving the quality of agri-food products exported to developed regions and regions with high levels of import supervision. Furthermore, among various product types, Green Food Certification significantly improves the export quality of primary products and products vulnerable to non-tariff measures. The above findings could guide the future development of agri-food quality certification systems, potentially leading to a transformation and promotion of the agri-food trade.

System and Realization Path of Xi Jinping's Eco-poverty Alleviation Concept under the Vision of Green Development

Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered a series of speeches on ecological environment and poverty governance,forming the Xi Jinping's eco-poverty alleviation ideology.In this paper,the Xi Jinping's eco-poverty alleviation ideology is taken as the research object.Using the methods of literature analysis and comparative analysis,the origin of eco-poverty alleviation theory is explored from the common prosperity theory and the theory of ecological capital,and the practice foundation is found out from practical cases.The relationship between the ecological damage and poverty is systematically analyzed,and the mechanism of ecological poverty is explored in detail.The basic connotation of Xi Jinping's eco-poverty alleviation is expounded,and it consists of three parts:guiding ideology layer,implementation layer,and guarantee layer.By perfecting and innovating the market mechanism,social management mechanism,performance evaluation mechanism,integration mechanism with other poverty alleviation methods,and ecological immigration mechanism of ecological poverty,the realization of Xi Jinping's eco-poverty alleviation concept could be guaranteed.

Assessment Framework of Green Intelligent Transformation of Small Hydropower in China

With the comprehensive promoted construction of the establishment of green small hydropower,the defects of existing small hydropower station are gradually emerging,and it is necessary to implement green intelligent transformation to promote the construction of energy internet in China.This study focuses on constructing a green intelligent planning and transforming assessment framework,and assists management department to filtrate the small hydropower stations which can be transformed reasonably.Firstly,power station economy,ecological environment,technical safety management and social benefits are involved in the assessment index system.Secondly,multi-expert judgment aggregation based on fuzzed comparison scale is put forward to calculate the index value,and evidence synthesis is used to comprehensively assess the feasibility of green and intelligent planning and transformation for several small hydropower stations.The simulation case analysis shows the constructed assessment framework can reflect the actual situation of objectives properly and would provide decision-making basis for green and intelligent planning and transformation of small hydropower stations.

Green transformation path of resources-based enterprises in the western region:A case study of Panjiang Group Co.,Ltd.

With the exploitation of non-renewable natural resources in the traditional resource-based enterprises,the resources-waste,environmental pollution and ecological destruction are becoming more and more serious.Under the background of ecological civilization construction,the green transformation of resource-based enterprises in the western region is extremely urgent.Through the review of related literatures,based on sustainable development theory and dynamic capability theory,the paper study the basic characteristics and difficulties of western resource-based enterprises,and analyze the ecological network and basic path of enterprise.Combined with the actual case,this study analyzes the motivation,conditions,restrictive factors and transition path of resource-based enterprises green transformation in the western regions and then puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for the realization of resource-based enterprises green transformation.

Exploring the “Green” Transformation Planning of Industrial Parks in the Era of Low Carbon Economy

The core function of the low carbon economy is to change the economic development trend of the whole society. It is necessary to carry out industrial transformation and upgrading according to the concept of sustainable development and to realize integrated technological innovation and efficient economic development without violating the law of ecological and environmental development. In the era of the low-carbon economy, industrial parks should solidly promote the green transformation planning process. Relying on the basic logical framework of green transformation of industrial parks, it can build a green development quality evaluation system of industrial parks and formulate a green planning mechanism and green economic cycle development model in line with the background of the low-carbon economy.

The role of green industrial transformation in mitigating carbon emissions:Exploring the channels of technological innovation and environmental regulation

The industrial sector is vital to economic progress,yet industrial pollution poses environmental and economic concerns.The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of green industrial transformation in re-ducing Pakistan’s carbon intensity between 1975 and 2020.Carbon emissions are considered an endogenous construct,while foreign direct investment(FDI)inflows,technological innovation,green industrial transforma-tion,environmental legislation,and research and development(R&D)investment are possible mediators.The association between variables is assessed using the robust least-squares approach.Green industrial transforma-tion is connected with lower carbon emissions,yet technical innovation,R&D investment,and inbound FDI raise a country’s carbon emissions.The findings support the pollution haven hypothesis in a country.The causality esti-mates indicate that inward FDI contributes to environmental regulations;green industrial transformation directly relates to inbound FDI and R&D expenditures;and technological innovations correspond to inbound FDI,R&D ex-penditures,industrial ecofriendly progression,and environmental standards.According to the impulse response function,environmental policies are anticipated to have a differential effect on carbon emissions in 2023,2024,2028-2030,while they are likely to decrease in the years 2025-2027 and 2031 forward.Additionally,inward FDI and technology advancements would almost certainly result in a rise in carbon emissions over time.Green industrial transitions are projected to result in a ten-year reduction in carbon emissions.The variance decomposi-tion analysis indicates that eco-friendly industrial adaptations would likely have the largest variance error shock on carbon emissions(11.747%),followed by inbound FDI,technological advancements,and regulatory changes,with R&D spending having a minimal impact over time.Pakistan’s economy should foster a green industrial revolution to avoid pollution and increase environmental sustainability to meet its environmental goals.

Technological innovation paths toward green industry in China

With the environmental carrying capacity reaching its limits and the decreasing margin benefits of traditional production factors, the green transformation and green development through technological innovations has been a major direction for the future development of Chinese industries. However, the characteristics and heterogeneities of various types of industries call for different approaches regarding technological innovations. How to choose the most effective mode of technological innovation according to the characteristics of a certain industry has been a key issue. This paper measures the green total factor productivity of 32 industrial trades using the Slacks Based Measure(SBM)-DDF method. The effects of three innovation modes in the green transformation of industrial industry, including the independent innovation(Ⅱ), the technology introduction(TI), and the government support(GS), are empirically analyzed based on industry heterogeneity. Results indicate that the green total factor productivities of different industries show significant differences if taking into account the energy input and the undesirable output of pollutant emissions. The green total factor productivities of traditional high input,high pollution, and high energy consumption industrial trades were significantly lower than those with obvious green features. The year of 2009 is a leap year for the industrial green transformation in China. For resource-intensive industries, the II and the GS are the important ways to achieve green transformation. For labor-intensive industries, the TI is the best path to achieve green transformation, while for technology-intensive industries, the II is the primary driving force for the promotion of green developments. In addition, the innovation-compensating effect of the current Chinese environmental regulations to the resource-intensive industries has been revealed. Improving the overall scale and the industrial concentration of the industries is also beneficial for the green transformation of the industries.

Study on the Optimization for Design of Indoor Natural Ventilation and Lighting Based on Passive Design Measurements

Based on the current indoor natural ventilation and lighting in the space of traditional residential buildings,this paper starts from the passive-design optimization of the spatial natural ventilation and lighting,and makes quantitative evaluation on the quality of current interior natural ventilation and lighting for two typical residential buildings by three indexes,including wind speed,static wind area ratio and satisfaction ratio about minimum lighting coefficient. Based on that, this paper conducts the passive design optimization, and establishes the quantitative association and reevaluation among the passive reformation design, natural ventilation,and lighting environmental quality,proposing the general strategy for the existing residential buildings to respond to the passive reformation design of the natural ventilation and lighting. The special reconstruction of core functionary space of integration of "the living room + dining room + partial space"is researched,and the redesign for the optimization and replacement of both indoor and outdoor enclosure parts is explored,which is expected to provide practical exploration on the strategies for passive construction of spatial natural environmental quality within a large number of highly-energy-consumed residential buildings in China,as well as the green design of residential buildings.

A Note on the Solution of Water Wave Scattering Problem Involving Small Deformation on a Porous Channel-Bed

The solution of water wave scattering problem involving small deformation on a porous bed in a channel, where the upper surface is bounded above by an infinitely extent rigid horizontal surface, is studied here within the framework of linearized water wave theory. In such a situation, there exists only one mode of waves propagating on the porous surface. A simplified perturbation analysis, involving a small parameter ε （≤1） , which measures the smallness of the deformation, is employed to reduce the governing Boundary Value Problem （BVP） to a simpler BVP for the first-order correction of the potential function. The first-order potential function and, hence, the first-order reflection and transmission coefficients are obtained by the method based on Fourier transform technique as well as Green＇s integral theorem with the introduction of appropriate Green＇s function. Two special examples of bottom deformation： the exponentially damped deformation and the sinusoidal ripple bed, are considered to validate the results. For the particular example of a patch of sinusoidal ripples, the resonant interaction between the bed and the upper surface of the fluid is attained in the neighborhood of a singularity, when the ripples wavenumbers of the bottom deformation become approximately twice the components of the incident field wavenumber along the positive x -direction. Also, the main advantage of the present study is that the results for the values of reflection and transmission coefficients are found to satisfy the energy-balance relation almost accurately.

Digital Empowerment, Digital Input Source, and Green Transformation of Manufacturing Industry

An important proposition needed in-depth research is how digital technology empowers the green transformation of the manufacturing industry.This paper empirically finds that digital empowerment can boost the green transformation of enterprises,the conclusion of which stands valid under all kinds of robustness tests.Moreover,such boosting is heterogeneous and exists in industries with different energy consumption intensities.In addition,digital empowerment has a positive spillover effect on the green transformation ofupstream and downstream enterprises along industrial chains.From the specific mechanism of action,digital empowerment mainly drives the green transformation of manufacturing enterprises through scale and technology effects.The green transformationis significantly positively affected by digital empowerment.Compared with digital empowerment driven by domestic digital sources,the one built on foreign digital sourceshas a more profound influence on the green transformation of the manufacturing industry,although the green transformation is significantly positively affected bydigital empowerment.The differences above may stem from the gap in the development of digital technology at home and abroad.This judgment has been further confirmed in the heterogeneity analysis on regions with different levels of economic development and factor-intensive manufacturing industries.This means that in the new round of technological competition,China should be alert to the potential impact brought by the development gap of domestic and global digital technologies.This paper helps to expand and deepen the understanding of the factors affecting the green transformation of manufacturing enterprises.It also brings important policy implications to the following aspects:the method of seizing strategic opportunities brought by digital technology,the first-mover advantage built on open integration and innovation,the narrowing of the gap with foreign digital development levels,and the stabilization of digital empowerment basis for the green transformation oftheemanufacturing industry.

Beyond Green Capitalism： Social-Ecological Transformation and Perspectives of a Global Green-Left

Given certain reactions to the ecological crisis as part of the multiple crisis of capitalism （like the so-called energy transition in Germany）, a new mode of development might emerge which can be called green capitalism. This would shift the terrain of social critique and emancipatory social struggles. The paper introduces the debate on ＂social-ecological transformation＂ which emerged as a radical part of a more comprehensive debate on ＂great＂ or ＂societal transformation＂ and high- lights its core issues： the issue of a necessary attractive mode of production and living for all, the role of pioneers of change and changing political and economic institutions, the acknowledgment of shifting social practices, the requirement for alternative imaginaries or ＂stories＂ of a good life as part of a contested process which is called ＂futuring.＂ As an example for alternative imaginaries, the current debate on ＂degrowth＂ is outlined and evaluated. The second part of the paper focuses more concretely on issues around the formation and existence of a global green-left. After mentioning a crucial problem for any global alternative--i.e., the structural feature of economic and geopolitical competition which historically divided the global Left and pulled it into compromises at national or regional scales--four requirements or characteristics of a global green-left are highlighted： to weaken and change capitalistically driven competition and competitiveness, to push a social-ecological transformation in democratic ways and not at the back ofordinary people （like conservative and liberal proposals for transformation tend to do）, to link more systematically green issues with labor issues and, finally, to transform the overall dispositive of political action from a ＂distributive＂ to a ＂transformative Left.＂ One dimension of such an enhancement, it is concluded, is a broader understanding of the ＂economy＂ itself by acknowledging the demands and achievements of a ＂care revolution＂ which will be crucial for an alternative mode of production and living.

Have Industrial Robots Improved Pollution Reduction?A Theoretical Approach and Empirical Analysis

To investigate whether industrial robots have improved the ecological environment,this study integrated the adoption of robot technology and pollution abatement into Melitz's heterogeneous firm model.This showed that using robots in production can lower firms'pollution intensity by increasing their abatement investments,and this reduction effect is greater for higher polluting firms and those subject to weaker local environmental regulations.These theoretical expectations were then confirmed through a series of empirical investigations based on Bartik instrument regressions,with multiple robustness checks as well as heterogeneity and mechanism analyses.This paper adds to the literature on the relationships between automation technologies and green transformation.It shows that in the pursuit of economic growth and environmental protection,it is necessary for policymakers to shift from pollution control to technical support for traditional manufacturing firms.

SMALLHOLDER ADOPTION OF GREEN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES ON THE NORTH CHINA PLAIN: EVIDENCE FROM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BACKYARDS

Understanding the impact of agricultural socialized services on smallholder adoption of green production technologies and their mechanisms of action is of great importance for sustainability of farming systems.Currently,there were numerous related studies,but it is still unclear how to gradually achieve the diffusion of technological innovations on pilot sites to a regional level.To answer this question,this paper presents the pathways and mechanisms of green production technologies diffusion by comparing international typical service organizations or modes such as agricultural technology extension service centers(ATESC),farmer field schools(FFS),participatory technology innovation(PTI)and integrated colearning approach(ICLA),while taking Wangzhuang Science and Technology Backyard(WZ STB)in Quzhou,Hebei Province,China as an example.This research had three key outcomes.(1)The combination of collaborative,tree-shaped and jump-start diffusion modes promotes the diffusion of participatory technology innovation to different scales,such as farmers,villages and counties.(2)The three diffusion modes combine and expand the advantages of existing international modes.The collaborative diffusion mode not only provides full scope for the advantages of PTI,but also provides smallholders with service supply for the whole production period.The tree-shaped diffusion mode combines the advantages of FFS from point technology innovation to village diffusion,while achieving a full range of technical service support.The jump-start diffusion mode cannot only achieve large-scale technology diffusion like ATESC and ICLA,but also empower smallholders through adaptive technology innovation.(3)Trust is the key to promoting smallholder reliance on the science and technology provided by STB and to promote their adoption of green production technologies.Accordingly,the following policy recommendations were proposed:strengthen the combination of top-down and bottom-up technology innovation and diffusion models,establish an effective service communication platform and evaluation mechanism,and strengthen the linkage mechanism between socialized services providers and smallholders,which will provide a realistic basis for the national policy of targeted socialized services provision and promote smallholder adoption of green production technologies.