Method discussion for quick response grey prediction of stronger aftershocks of an earthquake sequence

In this paper, we take occurrence process of early strong aftershocks of a main after shock type′s earthquake sequence as a complex grey system, and introduce predicting method for its stronger aftershocks by grey predicting theory. Through inspection prediction for 1998 Zhangbei M S=6.2 earthquake sequence, it shows that the grey predicting method maybe has active significance for the investigation of quick response prediction problems of stronger aftershocks of an earthquake sequence.

Prediction of Total Output Value of Construction Industry in Jiangxi Province Based on Grey Prediction Model

In order to realize the accurate prediction of the total output value of construction industry in the future,the grey prediction model is used to compare the measured value with the predicted value from 2012 to 2021,and based on the existing data,the total output value of construction industry in Jiangxi Province in the next five years is predicted.The results show that the grey prediction model has a good prediction effect,and the error between the predicted value and the measured value is within 14%,which provides a basis for policy adjustment and resource optimization.

Study on the Yield Prediction Model of Processing Tomato Based on the Grey System Theory

[Objective] The research aimed to study the yield prediction model of processing tomato based on the grey system theory.[Method] The variation trend of processing tomato yield was studied by using the grey system theory,and GM（1,1）grey model of processing tomato yield prediction was established.The processing tomato yield in Xinjiang during 2001-2009 was as the example to carry out the instance analysis.[Result] The model had the high forecast accuracy and strong generalization ability,and was reliable for the prediction of recent processing tomato yield.[Conclusion] The research provided the reference for the macro-control of tomato industry,the processing and storage of tomato in Xinjiang.

Equivalency and unbiasedness of grey prediction models

In order to deeply research the structure discrepancy and modeling mechanism among different grey prediction models, the equivalence and unbiasedness of grey prediction models are analyzed and verified. The results show that all the grey prediction models that are strictly derived from x^（0）（k） ＋az^（1）（k） = b have the identical model structure and simulation precision. Moreover, the unbiased simulation for the homogeneous exponential sequence can be accomplished. However, the models derived from dx^（1）/dt ＋ ax^（1）= b are only close to those derived from x^（0）（k） ＋ az^（1）（k） = b provided that ｜a｜ has to satisfy｜a｜ 0.1; neither could the unbiased simulation for the homogeneous exponential sequence be achieved. The above conclusions are proved and verified through some theorems and examples.

Grey Prediction of Siltation in North Channel of Yangtze Estuary

-The North Channel in the Yangtze Estuary is one of sea-leading waterways of Shanghai Harbour, in which yearly dredging volume reaches over ten million cubic meters, and it tends to increase year by year. Based on the channel regime similarity and through the relational grade, a GM (2, 1) is set up. It reveals the course of development of channel regime similarity under the action of various factors, and predicts the siltation volume in the nearest future which is the basis of dredging planning for relevant dredging departments.

The softening prediction of HSLA steel heat-affected zone based on the grey system

The high-strength low-alloy（ HSLA ） steel heat-affected zone （HAZ）softening was predicted using a grey model. HSLA steel DILLIMAX690E, NK-HITEN61OU2 and BHW35 were taken as examples in the research on ultra-narrow gap automatic welding technology. Test results turned out to be that the errors between the values calculated by the Grey Model （GM） （ 1,1 ） model and their actual value were less than 2%, indicating that the grey prediction method could accurately reflect the actual situation of the high-strength low-alloy steel heat-affected zone softening. This method will play a crucial role in guiding the applications of HSLA steel welded structures in the future.

Grey Prediction Fuzzy Control of the Target Tracking System in a Robot Weapon

Grey modeling can be used to predict the behavioral development of a system and find out the lead control values of the system. By using fuzzy inference, PID parameters can be adjusted on line by the fuzzy controller with PID parameters self-tuning. According to the characteristics of target tracking system in a robot weapon, grey prediction theory and fuzzy PID control ideas are combined. A grey prediction mathematical model is constructed and a fuzzy PID controller with grey prediction was developed. Simulation result shows fuzzy PID control algorithm with grey prediction is an efficient method that can improve the control equality and robustness of traditional PID control and fuzzy PID control, and has much better performance for target tracking.

Grey forewarning and prediction for mine water inflowing catastrophe periods

Based on the theory of grey system, established GM （1, 1） grey catastrophe predict model for the first time in order to forecast the catastrophe periods of mine water inflowing （not the volume of water inflowing）. After establishing the grey predict system of the catastrophe regularity of 10 month-average volume of water inflowing, the grey forewarning for mine water inflowing catastrophe periods was established which was used to analyze water disaster in 400 meter level of Wennan Colliery. Based on residual analysis, it shows that the result of grey predict system is almost close to the actual value. And the scene actual result also shows the reliability of prediction. Both the theoretical analysis and the scene actual result indicate feasibility and reliability of the method of grey catastrophe predict system.

A Grey Prediction Model on Vibration Severity Development of a Pump

The method to enhance the precis io n of a grey model GM (1, 1) for predicting the development of vibration severity of a pump is investigated. The rectifying procedures involve the structure and the parameters regarding GM(1,1). A new model based on GM(1, 1), which is GM (E,1,1), is proposed. In GM(E,1,1), the distribution of relative errors rati os between the original series and predicting series obtained by the mean of GM( 1,1) are considered in special points to set up the threshold and adjusting coef ficients to control the modified action and the rectified amount based on distri bution of the original series. The case shows that GM(E, 1, 1) is good at predic ting the vibration severity development of the pump.

Optimization approach of background value and initial item for improving prediction precision of GM(1,1) model

A combination method of optimization of the back-ground value and optimization of the initial item is proposed. The sequences of the unbiased exponential distribution are simulated and predicted through the optimization of the background value in grey differential equations. The principle of the new information priority in the grey system theory and the rationality of the initial item in the original GM（1,1） model are ful y expressed through the improvement of the initial item in the proposed time response function. A numerical example is employed to il ustrate that the proposed method is able to simulate and predict sequences of raw data with the unbiased exponential distribution and has better simulation performance and prediction precision than the original GM（1,1） model relatively.

Fractional derivative multivariable grey model for nonstationary sequence and its application

Most of the existing multivariable grey models are based on the 1-order derivative and 1-order accumulation, which makes the parameters unable to be adjusted according to the data characteristics of the actual problems. The results about fractional derivative multivariable grey models are very few at present. In this paper, a multivariable Caputo fractional derivative grey model with convolution integral CFGMC(q, N) is proposed. First, the Caputo fractional difference is used to discretize the model, and the least square method is used to solve the parameters. The orders of accumulations and differential equations are determined by using particle swarm optimization(PSO). Then, the analytical solution of the model is obtained by using the Laplace transform, and the convergence and divergence of series in analytical solutions are also discussed. Finally, the CFGMC(q, N) model is used to predict the municipal solid waste(MSW). Compared with other competition models, the model has the best prediction effect. This study enriches the model form of the multivariable grey model, expands the scope of application, and provides a new idea for the development of fractional derivative grey model.

Research on Prediction Methods of Energy Consumption Data

This paper analyzes the energy consumption situation in Beijing,based on the comparison of common energy consumption prediction methods.Here we use multiple linear regression analysis,grey prediction,BP neural net-work prediction,grey BP neural network prediction combined method,LSTM long-term and short-term memory network model prediction method.Firstly,before constructing the model,the whole model is explained theoretically.The advantages and disadvantages of each model are analyzed before the modeling,and the corresponding advantages and disadvantages of these models are pointed out.Finally,these models are used to construct the Beijing energy forecasting model,and some years are selected as test samples to test the prediction accuracy.Finally,all models were used to predict the development trend of Beijing's total energy consumption from 2018 to 2019,and the relevant energy-saving opinions were given.

Grey series time-delay predicting model in state estimation for power distribution networks

A new combined model is proposed to obtain predictive data value applied in state estimation for radial power distribution networks. The time delay part of the model is calculated by a recursive least squares algorithm of system identification, which can gradually forget past information. The grey series part of the model uses an equal dimension new information model (EDNIM) and it applies 3 points smoothing method to preprocess the original data and modify remnant difference by GM(1,1). Through the optimization of the coefficient of the model, we are able to minimize the error variance of predictive data. A case study shows that the proposed method achieved high calculation precision and speed and it can be used to obtain the predictive value in real time state estimation of power distribution networks.

Improvement and application of GM(1,1) model based on multivariable dynamic optimization

For the classical GM(1,1)model,the prediction accuracy is not high,and the optimization of the initial and background values is one-sided.In this paper,the Lagrange mean value theorem is used to construct the background value as a variable related to k.At the same time,the initial value is set as a variable,and the corresponding optimal parameter and the time response formula are determined according to the minimum value of mean relative error(MRE).Combined with the domestic natural gas annual consumption data,the classical model and the improved GM(1,1)model are applied to the calculation and error comparison respectively.It proves that the improved model is better than any other models.

Comprehensive optimized GM(1,1) model and application for short term forecasting of Chinese energy consumption and production

In order to improve prediction accuracy of the grey prediction model and forecast China energy consumption and production in a short term, this paper proposes a novel com- prehensively optimized GM（1,1） model, also named COGM（1,1）, based on the grey modeling mechanism. First, the relationship of the background value formula and its whitenization equation is analyzed and a new method optimizing background values is proposed to eliminate systemic errors in the modeling process. Second, the solving process of the new model is derived. For parameter estimation, a set of auxiliary parameters are used to change grey equation＇s form. Then, original parameters are re- stored by an equations system. After solving the whitenization equation, initial value in time response function is established by least errors criteria. Finally, a numerical case and comparison with other grey prediction models are made to testify the new model＇s effectiveness, and the computational results show that the COGM（1,1） model has a better property and achieves higher precision. The new model is used to forecast China energy con- sumption and production, and the ability of energy self-sufficiency is further analyzed. Results indicate that gaps between consump- tion and production in future are predicted to decline.

Analyzing China’s OFDI using a novel multivariate grey prediction model with Fourier series

Purpose–With the development of economy,China’s OFDI constantly increase in recent year.Meanwhile,OFDI hasspillovereffectoneconomicdevelopmentandtechnologicaldevelopmentofhomecountry.Thus,accurateOFDI prediction is a prerequisite for the effective development of international investment strategies.The purpose of this paper is to predict China’s OFDI accurately using a novel multivariable grey prediction model with Fourier series.Design/methodology/approach–This paper applied a multivariable grey prediction model,GM(1,N),to forecast China’s OFDI.In order to improve the prediction accuracy and without changing local characteristics of grey model prediction,this paper proposed a novel grey prediction model to improve the performance of the traditionalGM(1,N)modelbycombiningwithresidualmodificationmodelusingGM(1,1)modelandFourierseries.Findings–The coefficients indicate that the export and GDP have positive influence on China’s OFDI,and,according to the prediction result,China’s OFDI shows a growing trend in next five years.Originality/value–This paper proposed an effective multivariable grey prediction model that combined the traditionalGM(1,N)modelwitharesidualmodificationmodelinordertopredictChina’sOFDI.Accurateforecasting of OFDI provides reference for the Chinese Government to implement international investment strategies.

A Novel Vertical Handoff Algorithm Based on Fuzzy Logic in Aid of Grey Prediction Theory in Wireless Heterogeneous Networks

To coordinate the various access technologies in the 4G communication system,intelligent vertical handoff algorithms are required.This paper mainly deals with a novel vertical handoff decision algorithm based on fuzzy logic with the aid of grey theory and dynamic weights adaptation.The grey prediction theory(GPT) takes 4 sampled received signal strengths as input parameters,and calculates the predicted received signal strength in order to reduce the call dropping probability.The fuzzy logic theory based quantitative decision algorithm takes 3 quality of service(QoS)metric,received signal strength(RSS),available bandwidth(BW),and monetary cost (MC)of candidate networks as input parameters.The weight of each QoS metrics is adjusted along with the networks changing to trace the network condition.The final optimized vertical handoff decision is made by comparing the quantitative decision values of the candidate networks.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides high performance in heterogeneous as well as homogeneous network environments.

Control method on serial type pump-valve coordinated electro-hydraulic servo system

In order to compromise the conflicts between control accuracy and system efficiency of conventional electro-hydraulic servo systems,a novel pump-valve coordinated electro-hydraulic servo system was designed and a corresponding control strategy was proposed.The system was constituted of a pumpcontrolled part and a valve-controlled part,the pump controlled part is used to adjust the flow rate of oil source and the valve controlled part is used to complete the position tracking control of the hydraulic cylinder.Based on the system characteristics,a load flow grey prediction method was adopted in the pump controlled part to reduce the system overflow losses,and an adaptive robust control method was adopted in the valve controlled part to eliminate the effect of system nonlinearity and parametric uncertainties due to variable hydraulic parameters and system loads on the control precision.The experimental results validated that the adopted control strategy increased the system efficiency obviously with guaranteed high control accuracy.

Method for maneuvering target video frequency tracking based on inductive factor of posture information

A method for maneuvering target tracking based on in- ductive factor of posture information is proposed. A distinguished charactedstic of video frequency tracking is that it can capture the target posture changes from its picture easily, and the posture change means the motive model of the target will change. This information is very important to predict the trace of maneuvering target. Based on this idea, the quantified values of the target pos- ture change are obtained using Hough algorithm, this key values are defined as inductive factor of posture information, and then, the multiple grey trace predict models are established and the degrees of fuzzy subordinate values for every model are calculated with the inductive factor, the maneuvering extent values are determined by a new analysis method of stochastic differential equations for each model used to modify the degree of fuzzy subordinate values, these constitute the weighted values for every grey predict collec- tion. Finally, the synthesis predicting weighted result is obtained. The experimental results show that the new method is superior to the conventional algorithm.