In Kuwait, dairy farming faces challenges due to its significant water demands. The current study assessed seasonal patterns of water use to estimate the blue water footprint (WF) and grey WF per kg of fat protein cor...In Kuwait, dairy farming faces challenges due to its significant water demands. The current study assessed seasonal patterns of water use to estimate the blue water footprint (WF) and grey WF per kg of fat protein corrected milk (FPCM) for confined dairy farming systems in Kuwait. Blue and grey WFs were evaluated using data from three operational farms. The average blue WF (L<span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span>kg<sup>-1</sup> FPCM) was estimated to be 54.5 ± 4.0 L<span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span>kg<sup>-1</sup> in summer and 19.2 ± 0.8 L<span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span>kg<sup>-1</sup> in winter. The average grey WF (generated from milk house wastewater) was assessed on bimonthly basis and determined based on its phosphate (PO4) concentration (82.2 ± 14.3 mg<span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span>L<sup>-1</sup>) which is the most limiting factor to be 23.0 ± 9.0 L<span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span>kg<sup>-1</sup> FPCM d<sup>-1</sup>. The outcomes indicate that enhancing the performance of dairy cows and adopting alternative water management strategies can play a role in minimizing the impacts of confined dairy farming systems in Kuwait on water quality and quantity.展开更多
Assessing water pollution at basin level is a challenging task.In this study,the environmental sustainability of grey water footprints(WFgrey)of Peshawar Basin in Pakistan was analysed.The release of nitrogen(N)and ph...Assessing water pollution at basin level is a challenging task.In this study,the environmental sustainability of grey water footprints(WFgrey)of Peshawar Basin in Pakistan was analysed.The release of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)from point and non-point sources during the period 1986 to 2015 were studied.Water pollution level(WPL)for normal and 10%-50%future reduced runoff in Kabul River as a result of construction of dams was considered.Methodologies described in Water Footprint Assessment Manual and Grey Water Footprint Accounting Guidelines were followed.Results showed that 30-year annual average of N and P discharges were 24.5×10^(3)t/a and 10.9×10^(4)t/a respectively.The discharge of N and P from non-point sources contribute 97%and 99%respectively.N related WFgrey was 50×10^(8)m^(3)/a and 50×10^(9)m^(3)/a for P.WPL of N was within the sustainable limit for all reduced runoff scenarios while P-related WPL for normal runoff exceeded sustainable limits and was worse in each reduced runoff scenario.This study confirms the deteriorated water quality of Kabul River and the findings may be helpful for future planning and water resource management of the basin.展开更多
In order to improve the agricultural eco-efficiency and promote the sustainable development of agriculture in Henan Province, China, based on the footprint theory, the super-efficiency SBM model </span></span...In order to improve the agricultural eco-efficiency and promote the sustainable development of agriculture in Henan Province, China, based on the footprint theory, the super-efficiency SBM model </span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">is</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> used to scientifically calculate and analyze the agricultural eco-efficiency in Henan Province. On this basis, the influencing factors of agricultural eco-efficiency in Henan Province are quantitatively analyzed by using the grey incidence analysis model. The <span>results s</span><span>how that unilaterally considering one of grey water footprint</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">s</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> and carbon footprint</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">s</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> will overestimate or underestimate the agricultural eco-efficiency of Henan Province in different degrees in different time periods, and the agricultural eco-efficiency obtained by comprehensively considering grey water footprint and carbon footprint (GWCAEE) is more in line with the reality of agricultural development in Henan Province. In 2000-2004, GWCAEE in Henan Province was better. During 2005-2014, GWCAEE in Henan Province showed a fluctuating decline and continued to be in an inefficient state. From 2015</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> to 2019, GWCAEE of Henan Province gradually increased, and it became effective in 2019. In recent years, GWCAEE has developed well. Through the grey incidence analysis between 12 influencing factors including endogenous factors and exogenous factors and GWCAEE, it is found that the six leading factors of GWCAEE in Henan Province are agricultural structure, financial input for agriculture, number of agricultural employees, crop sown area, consumption of chemical pesticide, consumption of agricultural diesel oil. According to the above research conclusions, suggestions for improving agricultural eco-efficiency in Henan Province are put forward.展开更多
文摘In Kuwait, dairy farming faces challenges due to its significant water demands. The current study assessed seasonal patterns of water use to estimate the blue water footprint (WF) and grey WF per kg of fat protein corrected milk (FPCM) for confined dairy farming systems in Kuwait. Blue and grey WFs were evaluated using data from three operational farms. The average blue WF (L<span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span>kg<sup>-1</sup> FPCM) was estimated to be 54.5 ± 4.0 L<span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span>kg<sup>-1</sup> in summer and 19.2 ± 0.8 L<span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span>kg<sup>-1</sup> in winter. The average grey WF (generated from milk house wastewater) was assessed on bimonthly basis and determined based on its phosphate (PO4) concentration (82.2 ± 14.3 mg<span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span>L<sup>-1</sup>) which is the most limiting factor to be 23.0 ± 9.0 L<span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span>kg<sup>-1</sup> FPCM d<sup>-1</sup>. The outcomes indicate that enhancing the performance of dairy cows and adopting alternative water management strategies can play a role in minimizing the impacts of confined dairy farming systems in Kuwait on water quality and quantity.
文摘Assessing water pollution at basin level is a challenging task.In this study,the environmental sustainability of grey water footprints(WFgrey)of Peshawar Basin in Pakistan was analysed.The release of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)from point and non-point sources during the period 1986 to 2015 were studied.Water pollution level(WPL)for normal and 10%-50%future reduced runoff in Kabul River as a result of construction of dams was considered.Methodologies described in Water Footprint Assessment Manual and Grey Water Footprint Accounting Guidelines were followed.Results showed that 30-year annual average of N and P discharges were 24.5×10^(3)t/a and 10.9×10^(4)t/a respectively.The discharge of N and P from non-point sources contribute 97%and 99%respectively.N related WFgrey was 50×10^(8)m^(3)/a and 50×10^(9)m^(3)/a for P.WPL of N was within the sustainable limit for all reduced runoff scenarios while P-related WPL for normal runoff exceeded sustainable limits and was worse in each reduced runoff scenario.This study confirms the deteriorated water quality of Kabul River and the findings may be helpful for future planning and water resource management of the basin.
文摘In order to improve the agricultural eco-efficiency and promote the sustainable development of agriculture in Henan Province, China, based on the footprint theory, the super-efficiency SBM model </span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">is</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> used to scientifically calculate and analyze the agricultural eco-efficiency in Henan Province. On this basis, the influencing factors of agricultural eco-efficiency in Henan Province are quantitatively analyzed by using the grey incidence analysis model. The <span>results s</span><span>how that unilaterally considering one of grey water footprint</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">s</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> and carbon footprint</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">s</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> will overestimate or underestimate the agricultural eco-efficiency of Henan Province in different degrees in different time periods, and the agricultural eco-efficiency obtained by comprehensively considering grey water footprint and carbon footprint (GWCAEE) is more in line with the reality of agricultural development in Henan Province. In 2000-2004, GWCAEE in Henan Province was better. During 2005-2014, GWCAEE in Henan Province showed a fluctuating decline and continued to be in an inefficient state. From 2015</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> to 2019, GWCAEE of Henan Province gradually increased, and it became effective in 2019. In recent years, GWCAEE has developed well. Through the grey incidence analysis between 12 influencing factors including endogenous factors and exogenous factors and GWCAEE, it is found that the six leading factors of GWCAEE in Henan Province are agricultural structure, financial input for agriculture, number of agricultural employees, crop sown area, consumption of chemical pesticide, consumption of agricultural diesel oil. According to the above research conclusions, suggestions for improving agricultural eco-efficiency in Henan Province are put forward.