Three-defense Line Coordination Strategy of the Guizhou Power Grid with the New Security Situation

In order to meet the requirements of Decree of the State Council of the People's Republic of China (No.599), this paper presents a three-defense line coordination strategy based on the Decree of the State Council (No.599). Taking the Guizhou power grid of 220 kV&500 kV as an example, the security and stability problem of the Guizhou power grid is analyzed. The strategy using three-defense line coordination for lowering the level of electricity safety accidents is researched. The analysis results show that the proposed coordination strategy is feasible, which can lower the level of electricity safety accidents under the same fault in same operation mode. Through studying the three-defense line of the Guizhou power grid, this paper presents a basic idea of the three-defense line coordination strategy based on the Decree of the State Council (No.599). The three-defense line coordination strategy provides reference for other provinces power grid.

Next Generation Narrowband(Under 500 kHz) Power Line Communications(PLC) Standards

In the past decade,several efforts around the world were started with the goal of introducing "smart metering" capabilities into the power grid.These efforts have spurred renewed interest in the design of next generation Narrowband Power Line Communications(NB-PLC) transceivers.In the past few years,ITU-T and IEEE have standardized a family of next generation OFDM-based NB-PLC transceivers some of which are today being considered for massive deployments in Europe and Asia.This paper addresses the important role that PLC has not only for smart metering but also for many other Smart Grid applications,and also gives an overview of the main differences between these next generation NB-PLC standards.

网格环境下GridShell技术研究

为了方便传统的类UNIX系统用户使用网格,论文基于shell的基本思想,提出了网格环境下的一种命令行解释工具——GridShell,它支持类似于UNIX操作系统中的大部分命令行命令,并增加了Grid系统必需的一些命令,如greg负责网格用户与资源登记、gappRun负责应用程序在网格中的执行。在我们的实验网格GridWader上完成了GridShell的实现,并应用GridShell进行了网格资源共享和并行计算的试验。

Regulating cost for renewable energy integration in power grids

To address the issue of climate change caused by the use of polluting, non-renewable energy sources, the use of renewable energy has gained momentum worldwide. Consequently, the increased integration of renewable energy sources into power grids has necessitated the inclusion of flexible capacities in the power systems to solve problems of intermittent and fluctuating characteristics associated with renewable generation outputs. In this work, we study the regulating cost of a power system with high renewable penetration using an improved time-series system production simulation analysis method. The operational cost of the system is considered as the objective function. Three different methods to increase regulating capacities, including using interconnection lines, building additional flexible power capacities, and retrofitting existing thermal power plants, are adopted and simulated to compare the costs of accommodating renewable energy in the system in these cases. Our results indicate that increasing the flexibility of thermal power plants and developing crossregional connection lines are cost-effective methods of increasing renewable energy consumption.

Implementation of Dynamic Line Rating in a Sub-Transmission System for Wind Power Integration

Based on conventional static line rating method, the actual current carrying capability of overhead conductors cannot be judged. Due to continuous increment in electricity demand and the difficulties associated with new line constructions, the overhead lines are therefore required to be rated based on a method that should establish their real-time capability in terms of electricity transmission. The method used to determine the real-time ampacity of overhead conductors not only can enhance their transmission capacity but can also help in allowing excessive renewable generation in the electricity network. In this research work, the issues related to analyzing an impact of wind power on periodical loading of overhead line as well as finding its static and dynamic ampacities with line current are investigated in detail. Moreover, the investigation related to finding a suitable location for the construction of a 60 MW wind farm is taken on board. Thereafter, the wind park is integrated with a regional grid, owned by Fortum Distribution AB. In addition to that, the electricity generated from the wind park is also calculated in this project. Later on, the work is devoted to finding the static and dynamic line ratings for “VL3” overhead conductor by using IEEE-738-2006 standard. Furthermore, the project also deals with finding the line current and making its comparison with maximum capacity of overhead conductor (VL3) for loading it in such a way that no any violation of safe ground clearance requirements is observed at all. Besides, the line current, knowing the conductor temperature when it transmits the required electricity in the presence of wind power generation is also an important factor to be taken into consideration. Therefore, based on real-time ambient conditions with actual line loading and with the help of IEEE-738-2006 standard, the conductor temperature is also calculated in this project. At the end, an economic analysis is performed to evaluate the financial advantages related to applying the dynamic line ratings approach in place of traditional static line ratings technique across an overhead conductor (VL3) and to know how much beneficial it is to temporarily postpone the rebuilding and/or construction of a new transmission line. Furthermore, an economic analysis related to wind power system is taken into consideration as well to get familiar with the costs related to building and connecting a 60 MW wind farm with the regional grid.

Protecting Water Quality and Public Health Using a Smart Grid

After the attacks on September 11, 2001 and the follow-up risk assessments by utilities across the United States, securing the water distribution system against malevolent attack became a strategic goal for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Following 3 years of development work on a Contamination Warning System (CWS) at the Greater Cincinnati Water Works, four major cities across the United States were selected to enhance the CWS development conducted by the USEPA. One of the major efforts undertaken was to develop a process to seamlessly process “Big Data” sets in real time from different sources (online water quality monitoring, consumer complaints, enhanced security, public health surveillance, and sampling and analysis) and graphically display actionable information for operators to evaluate and respond to appropriately. The most significant finding that arose from the development and implementation of the “dashboard” were the dual benefits observed by all four utilities: the ability to enhance their operations and improve the regulatory compliance of their water distribution systems. Challenge: While most of the utilities had systems in place for SCADA, Work Order Management, Laboratory Management, 311 Call Center Management, Hydraulic Models, Public Health Monitoring, and GIS, these systems were not integrated, resulting in duplicate data entry, which made it difficult to trace back to a “single source of truth.” Each one of these data sources can produce a wealth of raw data. For most utilities, very little of this data is being translated into actionable information as utilities cannot overwhelm their staffs with manually processing the mountains of data generated. Instead, utilities prefer to provide their staffs with actionable information that is easily understood and provides the basis for rapid decision-making. Smart grid systems were developed so utilities can essentially find the actionable needle in the haystack of data. Utilities can then focus on rapidly evaluating the new information, compare it known activities occurring in the system, and identify the correct level of response required. Solution: CH2M HILL was engaged to design, implement, integrate, and deploy a unified spatial dashboard/smart grid system. This system included the processes, technology, automation, and governance necessary to link together the disparate systems in real time and fuse these data streams to the GIS. The overall solution mapped the business process involved with the data collection, the information flow requirements, and the system and application requirements. With these fundamentals defined, system integration was implemented to ensure that the individual systems worked together, eliminating need for duplicate data entry and manual processing. The spatial dashboard was developed on top of the integration platform, allowing the underlying component data streams to be visualized in a spatial setting. Result: With the smart grid system in place, the utilities had a straightforward method to determine the true operating conditions of their systems in real time, quickly identify a potential non-compliance problem in the early stages, and improve system security. The smart grid system has freed staff to focus on improving water quality through the automation of many mundane daily tasks. The system also plays an integral role in monitoring and optimizing the utilities’ daily operations and has been relied on during recovery operations, such as those in response to recent Superstorm Sandy. CH2M HILL is starting to identify the processes needed to expand the application of the smart grid system to include real-time water demands using AMI/AMR and real-time energy loads from pumping facilities. Once the smart grid system has been expanded to include Quality-Quantity-Energy, CH2M HILL can apply optimization engines to provide utility operations staffs with a true optimization tool for their water systems.

A Liability Division Method for Harmonic Pollution Based on Line-Transferred Power Components

The existing liability division methods for harmonic pollution are either inexplicit or incomplete in physical meaning. To compensate these defects, two new methods are proposed based on line-transferred power components in this paper. At first, all harmonic sources are represented by ideal equivalent current source, line current components and bus voltage components of a source are determined by stimulation of this source with all other sources disabled. Then, the line-trans- ferred power component owing to a source under all sources action together is determined by the theory of line-transferred power components, and called source’s line-transferred power component. At last, the liability of a source for line-end harmonic pollution is divided by two methods: the ration of the source’s line-transferred active power component to the total line-transferred power, and the ration of projection of the source’s line-transferred complex power component to absolute value of the total line-transferred complex power. These two methods are taken into account not only harmonic voltage but also harmonic current in the liability division. Simulation results show that the proposed liability division method based on active power component is the most effective and ideal one.

Study on the treatment and the utilization of the Baosteel casting residue and the new grid engineering technology

This study summarizes some serious disharmonious problems that ubiquitously exist in the casting residue recycling of steel plants, such as large land occupation, low operational efficiency, hidden hazards, huge resource and energy consumption, serious environmental pollution and so on. It analyzes the necessity of the on-line innovation and recycling based on the present situation of Baosteel. It states the innovation of the new grid technology and the achievements of its integrated application at Baosteel. It also summarizes and elaborates some green technology features of the treatment and the utilization of the Baosteel casting residue and the new grid technology, such as safety,energy-saving and environmental protection. In addition,it lays out the prospects for the development and application of the technology.

Broadband over Power Line (BPL): An Emerging Technology for Bangladesh

Broadband over Power Line (BPL) is an alternative means of providing high-speed Internet access, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), and other broadband services to homes and businesses by using the existing medium voltage (MV) and low voltage (LV) power lines. This paper provides a comprehensive understanding about BPL with its implementation prospects. In this context, the existing power grid infrastructures are discussed elaborately. BPL system functionality with its components and its benefits over other access technologies is also pointed out. Implementation scenarios for various deployment options are illustrated here. The different implementation challenges for BPL system, such as the characteristics of power lines, attenuation problem, noise, potential interference with the other radio frequencies are also presented with their remedies. Comparative analysis between several broadband access technologies shows the feasibility of BPL deployments all over the world.

更好的场所--政府建筑师的角色转变及其在悉尼货运线更新中的呈现

铁路遗产具有线性、综合性和辐射性的特征,对城市更新影响深远。在澳大利亚铁路遗产更新中,政府建筑师扮演了重要角色。澳大利亚政府建筑师曾负责设计重要公共建筑,这些建筑多为政府持有产权的城市地标。自2016年起,政府建筑师的职责重心从建筑设计转向设计管理。文章以政府建筑师的角色转变为线索,分析了悉尼货运线更新中的建筑设计和设计管理环节,更新内容涵盖欧缇莫动力博物馆、公共空间和地方级“绿网”三个层面。其中,政府建筑师通过制定设计政策和政策框架,持续地推广优秀案例、推动优质设计。这不仅为城市公共空间复兴提供了借鉴,也为拓展建筑师的职业范畴带来新思路。

基于GS-SVR的架空输电线路工程投资估算预测研究

传统的投资估算编制模式存在过度依赖定额的现象,随着大量工程造价数据的积累,利用其实现投资估算,以弥补传统定额计价模式的不足,能够对建设项目工程造价起到总体控制作用。文章以架空输电线路工程为例,基于支持向量回归机(Support Vector Regression,SVR)研究架空输电线路工程投资估算问题。结果表明:通过选取影响架空输电线路工程投资估算的主要指标,构建基于SVR的架空输电线路工程投资估算模型,并利用改进的网格搜索法(Grid Search,GS)优化模型参数,得到基于GS-SVR的投资估算预测模型;与传统的线性回归和SVR模型相比,GS-SVR模型表现出更为良好的性能。

基于自编码器与时域卷积神经网络算法的配电网线损分析

复杂的配电网环境中存在线损计算精确性、实时性不足的问题,因此提出基于循环神经网络自编码器改进的TCN-BiGRU配电网线损预测方法。选用擅长处理时间序列的TCN神经网络模型作为主干特征提取网络,在TCN中融入BiGRU单元以有效解决梯度消失问题。在此基础上,结合循环神经网络自编码器对线损异常值进行无监督分类并标记,通过softmax损失函数预测线损率异常原因,并制定相应降损措施,同时利用改进后的TCN-BiGRU算法对线损进行预测及成因分析。实验结果表明,与传统的配电网线损预测方法相比,该线损预测方法的均方根误差相较于传统的EMD-LSTM与PSO-CNN算法分别降低了0.03699和0.00402,在线损成因分析方面的准确率相较于ResNet50与DBN-DNN算法分别提高了1.500%和5.841%,为分布式电源接入后配电网节能降损、实现电网双碳目标提供了科学的参考依据。

基于改进下垂的多逆变器并联控制策略

针对微电网孤岛运行时,传统解耦式下垂控制策略由于未能考虑线路阻抗的影响,多逆变器并联运行时存在无功功率分配不均、环流等问题,论文提出一种基于自适应电压补偿的改进下垂控制策略。文中首先针对因线路阻抗不同所带来的电压跌落问题,增加了线路压降补偿环节,在此基础上,考虑逆变器出口处电压与母线电压的一致性,改进了下垂控制式,并利用低带宽通信技术获取各逆变器输出功率信息,引入自适应电压补偿环节,提高了逆变器间无功功率的均分精度。最后,基于Matlab平台搭建文章所提控制策略的仿真模型,仿真结果验证了所提控制策略的正确性与有效性。

基于限流电抗器两侧特定频段暂态能量比的MTDC电网单端量保护方案

柔性直流输电技术有利于未来大量分布式能源接入电网,而配置快速、可靠的保护方案是柔性直流技术发展的关键。基于直流电网等效模型,提出一种基于限流电抗器两侧电压特定频段暂态能量比差异性的单端量故障区域识别方法。该方法依据贝瑞隆等效模型计算出限流电抗器两侧电压比,通过广义S变换提取限流电抗器两侧特定频段电压,根据故障时正负极限流电抗器的电压幅值差的差异性实现故障选极。最后在PSCAD/EMTDC平台搭建仿真模型,分析出发生区内外故障时差异性明显,具备较强的耐过渡电阻与抗噪声干扰能力。

不同栅格尺寸下输电线路地质灾害易发性评价

输电线路的安全运行对国家经济建设与发展具有重要意义,而针对输电线路进行地质灾害易发性评价的研究较少。以京津冀地区的输电线路为例,选取高程、坡度、坡向、地形起伏度、地层岩性、距断层距离、距水系距离、土地利用类型8个指标因子,采用频率比法对各指标因子进行分级,构建易发性评价体系。再利用不同的机器学习模型,使用不同尺寸的栅格单元作为评价单元对研究区进行易发性评价。最后,选取精度最高的机器学习模型与传统的层次分析法完成研究区易发性区划图。研究结果表明:贝叶斯网络模型在区域输电线路易发性评价中的应用效果最好,模型性能最强,最高AUC值为0.876。与传统的层次分析法相比,BN模型在研究区易发性制图中的效果更好,精度更高。此外,采用50 m的栅格作为评价单元在研究区易发性评价中取得了最好的应用效果,研究成果为输电线路地质灾害易发性评价以及栅格尺寸的选用提供了思路以及参考。

电网架空输电线路绝缘子缺陷识别算法研究

电网架空输电线路绝缘子长期处于外部暴露环境中,易产生侵蚀、开裂、破碎等问题,导致电网运行的可靠性降低。为此,对电网架空输电线路绝缘子缺陷识别算法进行了研究。通过滤波去除采集的绝缘子图像乘性噪声,利用不同尺度高斯掩膜进行卷积处理,并结合图像梯度方向提取表面缺陷特征。将构建的深度前馈神经网络作为基本架构,设置三层网络结构的自编码器。在前馈网络的优化目标函数中融入惩罚因子,以构建稀疏性限制条件。通过遗传算法优化自编码器初始权值,经网络迭代得到表面缺陷识别结果。试验结果表明,所提算法对绝缘子缺陷的识别准确率始终高于90%、平均识别用时为1.72 s,具有显著的可行性。该研究对监控安防、图像分析等领域具有一定的启示意义。

无功优先控制对风电场集电线保护影响分析及改进措施研究

电网电压跌落时能够向系统提供无功支撑是对并网风电机组的基本要求。风电机组无功支撑对故障电流有着直接影响,可能使集电线电流速断保护灵敏度下降,同时可能使保护失去选择性。文章首先根据双馈异步电机(double feed induction generator,DFIG)数学模型及无功电流支撑原理,分析了浅、深度故障运行下DFIG分别通过转子侧变流器(rotor-side converter,RSC)与网侧变流器(grid-side converter,GSC)调节输出无功对故障电流的影响。针对DFIG无功优先控制可能造成集电线电流速断保护灵敏度降低以及其与箱变熔断器失去配合的问题,提出了在DFIG无功优先控制计算整定初值基础上根据集电线电压跌落程度附加自适性补偿量的定值调整方法。通过仿真验证,表明整定值改进后能够在保证全线速动的前提下大幅提升保护的选择能力。

基于短路比指标的新能源并网容量极限计算

针对新能源并网系统抗干扰能力弱且稳定性较差等问题,在短路比指标的基础上,提出了一种适用于新能源发电机组和交流电网之间的系统容量计算方法。通过推广电网系统的短路比指标,利用电力电子多馈入系统灵敏度计算方法,实现系统容量受到小干扰因素影响时变化情况的精准评估,并且获取系统在达到临界状态时的具体条件,从而实现新能源并网系统中容量极限的精确计算和分析。仿真结果表明,与经典容量极限计算方法相比,基于短路比指标的容量极限算法具有更高的稳定性及抗干扰能力。

基于奇异熵的电网线路距离保护延时整定计算

电网运行过程易出现线路故障问题,现有线路保护方法灵敏性不足,导致线路距离保护动作时延过长。为此,结合奇异熵算法提出新的电网线路距离保护延时整定计算方法。根据重构小波包能量系数,设计特征提取滑动窗,将滑动窗中的数据输入到卷积神经网络中,提取电网线路特征。采用奇异熵来准确提取模态阶数,利用实测或仿真原始信号构造数据矩阵,并计算信号奇异熵增量。利用模态辨识结果拟合数据,计算拟合数据和真实数据之间的信噪比,分析电网信号稳定情况。引入灵敏度调整函数,优化电网线路距离保护延时整定灵敏度,利用时间函数整定延时。由实验结果可知,该算法时间整定结果均小于实际数据,说明使用该方法能够对全部线路起到延时整定效果。

一种基于RPA技术的电网线路故障检测方法

由于电网电力故障检测具有重复性、高精度、低价值特征,线路故障数据的人工检测效率极低。为此利用RPA思维设计电网线路故障数据检测方法。在故障判断流程中引入三阶段RPA重复判断方法,通过构建检测矩阵和时间矩阵,计算故障初始行波波头到达端点的时间确定故障区域。在故障区域内找出一条疑似故障线路,并结合所定义的一条虚拟母线,通过反复计算验证找出准确故障线路。实验结果表明,所提方法故障检测的绝对误差小,错误故障检测率和遗漏故障检测率较低,故障数据检测的查全率与查准率较高,实际应用效果好。