Finite-Control-Set Model Predictive Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive Systems——An Overview

Permanent magnet synchronous motors(PMSMs)have been widely employed in the industry. Finite-control-set model predictive control(FCS-MPC), as an advanced control scheme, has been developed and applied to improve the performance and efficiency of the holistic PMSM drive systems. Based on the three elements of model predictive control, this paper provides an overview of the superiority of the FCS-MPC control scheme and its shortcomings in current applications. The problems of parameter mismatch, computational burden, and unfixed switching frequency are summarized. Moreover, other performance improvement schemes, such as the multi-vector application strategy, delay compensation scheme, and weight factor adjustment, are reviewed. Finally, future trends in this field is discussed, and several promising research topics are highlighted.

A new four-dimensional chaotic system with first Lyapunov exponent of about 22,hyperbolic curve and circular paraboloid types of equilibria and its switching synchronization by an adaptive global integral sliding mode control

This paper presents a new four-dimensional（4 D） autonomous chaotic system which has first Lyapunov exponent of about 22 and is comparatively larger than many existing three-dimensional（3 D） and 4 D chaotic systems.The proposed system exhibits hyperbolic curve and circular paraboloid types of equilibria.The system has all zero eigenvalues for a particular case of an equilibrium point.The system has various dynamical behaviors like hyperchaotic,chaotic,periodic,and quasi-periodic.The system also exhibits coexistence of attractors.Dynamical behavior of the new system is validated using circuit implementation.Further an interesting switching synchronization phenomenon is proposed for the new chaotic system.An adaptive global integral sliding mode control is designed for the switching synchronization of the proposed system.In the switching synchronization,the synchronization is shown for the switching chaotic,stable,periodic,and hybrid synchronization behaviors.Performance of the controller designed in the paper is compared with an existing controller.

Robust pre-specified time synchronization of chaotic systems by employing time-varying switching surfaces in the sliding mode control scheme

In the conventional chaos synchronization methods, the time at which two chaotic systems are synchronized, is usually unknown and depends on initial conditions. In this work based on Lyapunov stability theory a sliding mode controller with time-varying switching surfaces is proposed to achieve chaos synchronization at a pre-specified time for the first time. The proposed controller is able to synchronize chaotic systems precisely at any time when we want. Moreover, by choosing the time-varying switching surfaces in a way that the reaching phase is eliminated, the synchronization becomes robust to uncertainties and exogenous disturbances. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method of stabilizing and synchronizing chaotic systems with complete robustness to uncertainty and disturbances exactly at a pre-specified time.

基于自然容错开关表的五相永磁同步电机直接转矩控制

五相永磁同步电机(permanent-magnetsynchronous motor,PMSM)传统直接转矩控制(direct torque control,DTC)存在相电流畸变严重、共模电压(common-modevoltage,CMV)高、转矩和磁链脉动大等问题,且无法实现相开路故障情况下的无扰运行。为解决上述问题,提出一种基于自然容错开关表的DTC策略。该策略根据PMSM开路故障前后基电压矢量的特点以及三次平面合成电压矢量为零的原则,构建虚拟矢量(virtual vector,VV),设计故障前后同一套自然容错开关表,进而不但抑制了故障导致的转矩脉动,而且在故障前后均能降低三次谐波电流、减小转矩和磁链脉动、抑制CMV。实验结果验证所提策略的可行性。

基于阈值控制策略的Filippov Chay神经元动力学及其耦合同步

细胞内外带电离子的连续泵送和传递产生的电磁感应效应对神经元的电活动及模态转换会产生一定的影响,促使其展现出更加丰富的放电特性.文章基于电磁感应影响下的Chay神经元模型,引入了一种以膜电压为阈值的不连续控制策略,建立了相应的Filippov Chay神经元模型,探究了在阈值控制策略影响下的神经元放电节律转迁及相应的边界运动.首先,对系统的边界动力学及滑膜动力学进行了理论分析.其次,利用单双参数分岔图探究了系统多样的放电模式.再次,结合Matcont仿真及稳定性理论详细分析了系统的平衡点及其稳定性,并且利用快慢动力学分析法进一步研究了在阈值影响下所产生的滑膜动力学及各种边界运动的切换.最后,通过电突触耦合,对不同阈值条件下耦合神经元的同步问题进行了讨论.数值仿真结果表明,在阈值的调控下Filippov Chay系统会产生滑膜放电活动及相应的穿越运动和擦边运动,同时其放电周期数也会随着阈值呈现出不同的变化规律,且对于不同阈值下的电耦合情况而言,在系统实现完全同步后都会稳定在周期数较低的放电态.以上所得结果有助于更好地理解神经元滑膜的相关控制,对进一步探究生物神经系统中复杂放电活动和信息处理的动力学行为提供了一定的帮助.

双三相永磁同步电机改进型模型预测电流控制

针对双三相永磁同步电机模型预测共模电压抑制方法存在寻优计算量大、开关频率较高、稳态性能不佳的问题,提出一种改进型模型预测电流控制.首先,改进六相两电平逆变器,降低零矢量共模电压幅值;其次,选择小共模电压矢量构造虚拟电压矢量,简化价值函数的同时减小共模电压和电流谐波含量;再次,通过计算参考电压矢量直接选择最优电压矢量以减少寻优次数,并引入占空比控制提升电机控制精度,改善电机稳态性能.最后,仿真对比传统模型预测电流控制、RCMV(Reduced Common Mode Voltage)-1、RCMV-2和所提控制方法.结果表明,所提控制方法在减小共模电压的同时,降低了转矩脉动和谐波电流,且较RCMV-2方法开关频率明显降低;此外,寻优代码执行时间相较于RCMV-1和RCMV-2分别降低了约91%和65%,减小了计算量.

低复杂度永磁同步电机三矢量固定开关频率模型预测电流控制策略

针对传统永磁同步电机(permanent magnet synchronous motor,PMSM)三矢量模型预测电流控制(three-vector model predictive current control,TV-MPCC)存在开关频率不固定和计算复杂的问题,提出一种固定开关频率TV-MPCC策略。利用前一周期的零电压矢量和参考电压矢量所在扇区来快速筛选所需最优电压矢量和次优电压矢量,避免了无效枚举计算,从而降低了开关频率和计算复杂度。引入系统d和q轴电流差参数,计算各电压矢量的作用时间,确保电压矢量作用时间恒大于零和开关频率固定。以三相两电平电压型逆变器驱动的表贴式PMSM为被控对象,通过仿真和实验对传统TV-MPCC策略和所提三矢量固定开关频率模型预测电流控制策略进行对比研究,仿真和实验结果表明,所提策略在保证系统稳态和动态性能的基础上,在固定和降低开关频率的同时,降低了计算复杂度。

考虑转供与重构协同的多端柔性互联配电网供电恢复策略

柔性互联装置(FID)实现配电网不同馈线之间的柔性互联,可实现故障后配电网的快速恢复供电。该文以含直流网络的四端柔性互联配电网为研究对象,提出基于FID和网络重构的多端柔性互联配电网两阶段供电恢复策略。首先,在分析FID运行模式工作原理的基础上,提出了故障快速转供的FID平滑控制结构和考虑开关同期并网控制虚拟同步发电机(VSG)控制策略,支撑故障后第一阶段FID的快速供电恢复;然后,通过建立和求解考虑联络开关和FID容量限制的全局优化模型得出FID与网络重构相结合的第二阶段供电恢复策略,更大限度地恢复失电负荷;最后,利用PSCAD/MTDC仿真软件搭建了一个58节点四端含直流网络的柔性配电系统进行仿真验证。结果表明,所述供电恢复策略不仅能实现部分负荷的不停电转供,还能够通过网络重构大幅提高负荷恢复水平。

双开关磁阻电机的改进交叉耦合同步控制

为增强两台开关磁阻电机(SRM)这一高度非线性被控对象的同步跟随性,降低不确定扰动造成的同步性能下降的影响,结合单神经元PID算法提出一种双SRM的改进型交叉耦合同步控制策略。建立并分析SRM的数学模型,结合基于单神经元PID算法的改进交叉耦合同步控制策略和基于有限元法的SRM静态特性参数,在MATLAB/Simulink搭建双SRM转速交叉耦合同步控制模型并进行稳态和动态性能仿真分析。结果表明,改进后的双SRM交叉耦合同步控制策略,对比传统交叉耦合同步控制策略,使得双SRM的转速同步控制的动态响应能力、抗负载扰动能力以及转速跟随能力更优。

新型滑模观测器下的表贴式永磁同步电机控制

在传统的滑模观测器(SMO)下的永磁同步电机(PMSM)无位置传感器控制系统中存在着一些问题,如抖振较强,实际转速与预期转速差值较大并且有波动等情况。针对这些问题,采用滑模控制中的一般趋近律代替传统滑模观测器中的等速趋近律,并且用光滑的Sigmoid函数替代传统的符号函数,同时通过模糊控制系统对指数趋近律中的参数进行自适应调节,对表贴式PMSM的无位置传感器控制中产生的抖振进行抑制,并且提高SMO的观测精度。利用Lyapunov第二方法对该方法进行稳定性判断,验证该方法的稳定性。使用MATLAB/Simulink搭建基于滑模观测器的PMSM控制系统仿真模型,将该仿真结果与传统的滑模观测器的仿真结果进行比较分析。研究结果显示,新型的滑模观测器依旧能够快速地追踪转子的位置,同时具有更加良好的稳定性。

低开关频率下基于高频方波电压注入法的永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制策略

文章提出了一种永磁同步电机低开关频率下利用注入的高频方波电压在低速工况下估计转子位置的方法。通过注入电压产生的q轴电流变化量获得估算转子位置误差的结论,设计龙贝格状态观测器利用q轴电流变化量估算转子位置,并给出了一种简单的龙贝格状态观测器零极点的设计方法。试验结果表明,文章所提的无位置传感器控制策略在低开关频率下估算转速与转子位置能准确跟踪真实值。

随机干扰下拓扑时变Kuramoto网络事件触发固定时间同步

本文针对一类网络拓扑时变且耦合通道存在随机干扰的Kuramoto型振子网络的同步问题,设计了事件触发机制下的固定时间控制算法.针对耦合网络的拓扑在切换中保持连通的假设,给出了一种具有多层结构的事件触发分布式控制策略,并能够抵消随机干扰对同步性能带来的负面影响.利用随机Lyapunov稳定理论和固定时间稳定性理论给出了达到实际固定时间相位同步的控制参数条件和同步调节时间的上界.另外,证明了所使用的事件触发机制在引入双曲正切函数之后不会产生Zeno现象,并给出了触发间隔的下界.同时,在推论中给出了本文提出的控制方法也可以应对振子耦合拓扑图不连通情况的结论.最后,通过两组具有不同噪声强度的仿真实验验证了理论分析结果.

基于UC3842反激式AC-DC开关电源设计

基于传统的反激开关电源使用二极管整流,开关电源损耗较大。设计了一种多路输出反激式AC-DC同步整流开关电源,输出分别为12 V和6 V。采用导通电阻极低的MOSFET代替二极管。介绍了开关电源的工作原理、UC3842内部结构、反激闭环控制以及同步整流。使用PSIM仿真软件搭建开关电源整体闭环模型,对电路进行仿真。结果表明,电路同步整流相比于二极管整流电路输出电压精度更高,同步整流输出电压、电流特性好、纹波小。

永磁同步电机传动系统的柔性多目标预测控制

针对大功率永磁同步电机(PMSM)传动系统对低开关频率和共模电压抑制的需求,提出一种柔性多目标预测控制策略。采用复合电流边界限定的方法实现对电流跟踪、开关频率和共模电压的协同控制。所提方法运算量低,参数设计简单。搭建了4.4kWPMSM传动系统实验平台,实验结果验证了所提控制方法的有效性。

煤矿自发电巡检机器人瓦斯断电闭锁系统设计及检测检验方法

为实现煤矿用自发电巡检机器人瓦斯超限断电闭锁及检测检验,设计了自发电巡检机器人瓦斯断电闭锁系统,并研究了断电控制执行时间检测方法。断电闭锁系统既能满足井下瓦斯超限断电的要求,又能满足断电保护后机器人能够持续对瓦斯浓度进行监测和实时上传;将瓦斯超限时报警输出信号引出接入到电子计数器的开始计数触发端,切换控制电路切换开关引出接入到电子计数器的终止计数触发端,实现电路切换与结束计时的同步性,解决了现有检测方法未与瓦斯浓度监测时刻及断电时刻同步的误差问题。

Vibration Control of a Composite Beam Using Self-sensing Semi-active Approach

Structural vibration control was an active research area for the past twenty years because of their potential applications in aerospace structures,civil structures,naval structures,etc.Semi-active vibration control methods based on piezoelectric actuators and synchronized switch damping on inductance（SSDI） techniques attract the attention of many researchers recently due to their advantages over passive and active methods.In the SSDI method,a switch shunt circuit is connected to the piezoelectric patch to shift the phase and amplify the magnitude of the voltage on the piezoelectric patch.The most important issue in SSDI method is to control the switching actions synchronously with the maximum vibration displacement or maximum strain.Hence,usually a displacement sensor is used to measure the vibration displacement or a collocated piezoelectric sensor is needed to measure the strain of the structure near the piezoelectric actuator.A self-sensing SSDI approach is proposed and applied to the vibration control of a composite beam,which avoids using a separate sensor.In the self-sensing technique,the same piezoelectric element functions as both a sensor and an actuator so that the total number of required piezoelectric elements can be reduced.One problem in the self-sensing actuator,which is the same as that in the traditional collocated piezoelectric sensors,is the noise generated in the sensor signal by the impact of voltage inversion,which may cause extra switching actions and deteriorate control performance.In order to prevent the shunt circuit from over-frequent on-and-off actions,a simple switch control algorithm is proposed.The results of control experiments show that the self-sensing SSDI approach combined with the improved switch control algorithm can effectively suppress over-frequent switching actions and gives good control performance by reducing the vibration amplitude by 45%,about 50% improvement from the traditional SSDI with a separate piezoelectric element and a classical switch.

Improved virtual synchronous control for grid-connected VSCs under grid voltage unbalanced conditions

This paper presents an improved virtual synchronous control(VSynC) for the grid-connected voltage source converter(VSC) so as to continuously operate under the grid voltage with steady unbalance.The improved VSynC introduces the negative sequence power controls on basis of conventional VSynC.The improved VSynC is capable of regulating the negative sequence internal voltage to reduce the negative-sequence injected currents and oscillated powers of the VSC aroused by the negative-sequence grid voltage.Three alternative local control objectives for the VSC itself under steady state unbalanced grid conditions and their corresponding power references are deduced and computed.Simulated and experimental results are presented to validate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed improved VSynC to enhance the continuous operation performance of VSynC-based VSCs during grid voltage steady-state unbalance.

基于快速选择表的永磁同步电机模型预测转矩控制

该文提出一种基于快速选择表的永磁同步电机改进模型预测转矩控制策略,以扩大输出电压矢量选择范围,同时减小双矢量模型预测转矩控制中忽略的定子磁链波动。在该方法中,通过增加有效电压矢量,使输出电压矢量方向和幅值均可调节,并采用快速选择表来降低算法复杂度,在确保转矩性能的同时,对磁链波动进行综合考虑。首先,对电压矢量与转矩和定子磁链之间的关系进行综合分析,并根据定子磁链值进行扇区判断;其次,依据实际转矩与给定转矩之间的差值和扇区值在快速选择表中进行有效电压矢量选择,以降低对有效电压矢量的选择时间;最后,根据无差拍控制原理计算出各个电压矢量作用时间。仿真和实验结果表明,该方法可以减小转矩脉动和磁链波动,并能有效降低算法复杂度。

磁通切换永磁同步电机宽调速运行分析及测试

磁通切换永磁同步电机以其简单的结构、低畸变率正弦性输出波形以及较高的转矩密度等优点,在电动汽车领域有着广泛应用,其运行特性由不同控制策略决定。针对传统磁通切换永磁同步电机运行范围较窄的不足,提出相应的最大转矩电流比和q轴弱磁控制策略。首先,分析磁通切换永磁同步电机运行工作机理及特点,建立相应的以定、转子为坐标系的数学模型。其次,根据电机不同运行区域工作特点对其性能进行仿真,计算结果显示可实现电机在高效运行的同时拓宽其运行范围。最后,基于一台1 kW样机搭建控制测试系统。转矩和功率输出测试结果显示,结果表明所提出的弱磁控制策略拓宽电机运行范围,正确性和有效性得到验证。