丹东城区SO_2落地浓度的可视化计算(英文)

Grid processing was carried out to the Dandong district.The Gauss point source proliferation was carried out to calculate SO2.By dint of Visual Basic 6.0,the program mode was designed and the SO2 ground density was exported.Using the Visual Basic 6.0 object control technology and the Surfer drawing function,SO2 ground density contour was drawn and exported.The calculation and simulation of SO2 ground density were realized under different conditions by changing the meteorological condition and number of point sources.

EVALUATION OF GROUND STROKE DENSITY DISTRIBUTION AND LIGHTNING DETECTION EFFICIENCY IN BEIJING-TIANJIN-HEBEI AREA

It is possible to understand the lightning activities in a specific region and compare test results of different apparatus only when a reliable evaluation of detection efficiency distribution pertaining to a particular lightning location system(LLS)is available. Based on the data in 1992.an approximate evaluation of detection efficiency spatial distribu- tion for single-station lightning location system(M-LDARS)and LLP three-station lightning loca- tion system in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area is presented in the paper,showing that the average detec- tion efficiencies are smaller than 48% and 46% respectively.In addition,the article offers an eval- uation of spatial distribution of ground stroke density(D_g)and positive stroke percentage,indicat- ing that six high stroke density zones exist along the southeastern sides of the Taihang and Yan- shan Mountains.The stroke density of mountainous region is higher than that of the plain region, in contrast to the case of positive stroke percentage.Also,it is shown that within a radius of 250 km,the average of D_g is 1.2(km^(-2) a^(-1))while the average positive stroke percentage is 10.9%. Finally,the paper proposes a possible test method of accurately evaluating the spatial distribution of detection efficiency(A).

Statistical Analysis on Lightning Characteristics in Hebei Province

By using monitoring data of lightning locating system in Hebei during 1999- 2010 and lightning disaster data in Hebei during 2002- 2010,temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of ground flash and lightning disaster in Hebei Province were analyzed. Annual,monthly and daily changes of ground flash,lightning current intensity and ground flash density in Hebei were analyzed,and we compared ground flash with lightning disaster distribution.

Discussion on Common Problems in Risk Assessment of Lightning Disaster

The problems in calculating parameters of equivalent collection area,earth resistivity and lightning protection category as well as their effects on lightning disaster risk assessment were analyzed,and practical examples proved the effects of those differences on lightning protection identification,intercept efficiency calculation in evaluating lightning disaster risk. In the meantime,several new concepts,such as the height of buildings for lightning protection were defined,and a fixed radius value was set to the ground flash density for calculation,establishing the ground flash density formula to solve the problems in parameter calculation,which would be beneficial to promote the standardization of lightning disaster risk assessment.

A Lightning Activity Forecast Scheme Developed for Summer Thunderstorms in South China

Based on the relationship between lightning flash density and radar echoes and a statistical analysis using satellite and radar observations,a scheme was introduced into the mesoscale model GRAPES（Global and Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System）to forecast the cloud to ground（CC）flash activities.Because the relationship is a necessary but not sufficient condition for lightning,an additional constraint condition related to temperature of cloud top is added into the scheme to determine whether the lightning activity really occurs.Only if the lightning activity meets the criterion to occur,the CG flash density in a grid is considered to be valid.This was proved to be necessary for reducing the false prediction.Two cases that occurred on the edge of the subtropical high in coastal regions of South China were simulated to examine the efficiency of the scheme.The results showed that the scheme was capable of forecasting lightning activities in South China.The simulated lightning areas agreed with the CG flash observations,and the CG flash density forecast by the model was also consistent with observational results in magnitude.In consideration of the forecast aging of the explicit cloud microphysical scheme in GRAPES,lightning activities can now be forecast accurately within 6 h.