Performances of different efficiency calibration methods of high-purity-germanium gamma-ray spectrometry in an inter-comparison exercise

This study reports the performances of efficiency calibrations for high-purity-germanium gamma-ray spectrometry using the source-, Laboratory Sourceless Object Calibration Software(LabSOCS)-and ANGLE-based methods in an inter-comparison exercise. Although the results of LabSOCS and ANGLE for ^(241)Am emitting lowenergy gamma rays were not very satisfactory, all of the three efficiency calibration methods passed acceptance criteria. The results confirmed the reliability of the calculation codes ANGLE and LabSOCS as alternative efficiency calibration methods in high-purity-germanium gamma spectrometry. This study is likely to promote the further application of the ANGLE and LabSOCS calculation codes in radioactivity measurements.

The Maastrichtian-Danian in the SW Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt(S. Iran):An Integration of Planktonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy and Gamma-Ray Spectrometry

In this study, the Maastrichtian-Danian boundary was measured and sampled in two stratigraphic sections, the north and south flanks of the Dehnow anticline in Coastal Fars, Southern Iran. This boundary was also investigated in the drilled exploratory well-1 in the same region. The lithology of the Maastrichtian-Danian deposits consists of glauconitic, phosphatic argillaceous limestones and marlstones. 30 genera and 77 species of planktonic foraminifera have been determined. The recognized biozones are the Gansserina gansseri Interval Zone, and the Contusotruncana contusa Interval Zone, which indicates latest Campanian to middle Maastrichtian age for the upper part of the Gurpi Formation. In addition, the Eoglobigerina edita(P1) Partial Range Zone, Praemurica uncinata(P2) Lowest Occurrence Zone, Morozovella angulata(P3) Lowest Occurrence Zone and Globanomalina psudomenardii(P4) Taxon Range Zone represent a Danian to Thanetian age for the lower part of the Pabdeh Formation. From the absence of the Abathomphalus mayaroensis Interval Zone, Pseudoguembelina hariaensis Interval Zone, Pseudotextularia elegans Interval Zone, Plummerita hantkeninoides Interval Zone, Guembelitria cretacea(P0) Partial Range Zone and Parvularugoglobigerina eugubina(Pα) Total Range Zone, it can be deduced that there is a paraconformity across the Maastrichtian–Danian boundary in the studied area, this hiatus encompassing the late Maastrichtian and the earliest Danian. Danian deposits from the study area contain reworked glauconitized macrofossils, planktonic and benthic foraminifera of the Cretaceous. The obtained surface gamma-ray spectrometry logs resemble the exploratory well-1 gamma-ray wireline log.

Investigating the minimum detectable activity concentration and contributing factors in airborne gamma-ray spectrometry

In this study,the theory of minimum detectable activity concentration(MDAC)for airborne gamma-ray spectrometry(AGS)was derived,and the relationship between the MDAC and the intrinsic effi-ciency of a scintillation counter,volume,and energy res-olution of scintillation crystals,and flight altitude of an aircraft was investigated.To verify this theory,experi-mental devices based on NaI and CeBr 3 scintillation counters were prepared,and the potassium,uranium,and thorium contents in calibration pads obtained via the stripping ratio method and theory were compared.The MDACs of AGS under different conditions were calculated and analyzed using the proposed theory and the Monte Carlo method.The relative errors found via a comparison of the experimental and theoretical results were less than 4%.The theory of MDAC can guide the work of AGS in probing areas with low radioactivity.

Validation of ²²⁶Ra and ²²⁸Ra Measurements in Water Samples Using Gamma Spectrometric Analysis

Radium isotopes can be analyzed by different analytical methods based on gamma spectrometric measurements or alpha spectrometry. An improved method was developed to determine radium isotopes from water using gamma spectrometry after radiochemical separation. The Radium was selectively extracted from acidified samples using co-precipitation procedure with iron hydroxide and followed by precipitation of radium as radium sulphate Ba(Ra)SO4. The precipitate Ba(Ra)SO4 was filtered through the Millipore filter paper, dried and weighed to calculate chemical yield. 226Ra and 228Ra activities were measured using low-background gamma spectrometry in water samples. Radium was pre-concentrated from environmental samples by co-precipitation with BaSO4. The amounts of 226Ra and 228Ra on the sample were obtained by gamma-ray spectrometry for the 351 keVγ-ray from 214Pb and for the 911 keV γ-ray from 228Ac, both in radioactive equilibrium with precursors, respectively. The accuracy, selectivity, traceability, applicability and Minimum Detectable Activity (MDA) of the technique were discussed. Also, the effect of physical and chemical characteristics of the water samples such as TDS, pH, soluble species, sulphate and bicarbonate that effect on the radium determination were taking into consideration. The method has been validated with a certified reference material supplied by the International Atomic Energy Agency and reliable results were obtained. The radiochemical yields for radium were 70% - 90% and recovery was 97% and 80% for 226Ra and 228Ra, respectively.

Calibration of the High Purity Germanium Gamma-Ray Spectrometer in CERT, ABU Zaria, Nigeria

Gamma-ray spectrometry is a very powerful tool for radioactivity measurements. The gamma-ray spectrometer laboratory in Centre for Energy Research and Training (CERT), Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria is accredited to perform measurements of radioactive content of samples collected from the environment, food chain or industrial products with the aid of a high resolution HPGe detector. For accurate gamma-ray spectrometry, certain measurements were considered;the efficiency of the detector was performed experimentally against energies within the range of 59.50 keV (241Am) to 2204.50 keV (226Ra) for the respective geometries of 1 - 6 cm. The sustained solid angle relations with respect to the inverse square of sample geometries from 1 - 6 cm were evaluated. Another main point of this work was focused on the efficiency at geometry of 5 cm with respect to the three selected energies: 661.60 keV (137Cs), 1173.2 keV (60Co) and 1332 keV (60Co) for the main axis, ten degree off main axis, forty five degree off main axis and ninety degree off the detector main axis. In order to verify optimum geometries in our laboratory for both short lived and long lived radionuclides analyses, the evaluation of efficiencies for the respective energies: 1173.2 keV (60Co), 1332.5 keV (60Co), 1764 keV (226Ra) and 2294 keV (226Ra) were plotted against geometries of 1 to 6 cm from the detector end cap along the main axis.

γ-ray spectrometry results versus sample preparation methods

According to recommended conditions two bio-samples, tea leave and flour, are prepared with different methods: grounding into powder and reducing to ash, then they were analyzed by γ ray spectrometry. Remarkable difference was shown between the measured values of tea samples prepared with these different methods. One of the reasons may be that the method of reducing to ash makes some nuclides lost. Compared with the "non-destructive" method of grounding into powder, the method of reducing to ash can be much more sensible to the loss of some nuclides. The probable reasons are discussed for the varied influences of different preparation methods of tea leave and flour samples.

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法直接测定水中5种黄原酸

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水中乙基黄原酸、异丙基黄原酸、正丁基黄原酸、异丁基黄原酸和戊基黄原酸等5种黄原酸的分析方法。水样经0.22μm亲水聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)滤膜过滤后直接进样分析,采用Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C_(18)色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)进行分离,以氨水溶液(pH 11)-乙腈(9∶1,v/v)作为流动相进行等度洗脱,多反应监测负离子模式测定,内标法定量。通过将流动相氨水溶液的pH值增加到11,可有效抑制黄原酸色谱峰的拖尾现象,从而改善分离效果,并使丁基黄原酸同分异构体得到分离。水样保存条件确定为pH 11、4℃避光保存,在该条件下保存期限可延长至8 d。5种黄原酸在0.25~100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,方法检出限为0.03~0.04μg/L,日内精密度和日间精密度分别为1.3%~2.1%和3.3%~4.1%。低、中、高加标水平(1.00、20.0、80.0μg/L)下的回收率分别为96.9%~133%、100%~107%和104%~112%,对应的相对标准偏差分别为2.1%~3.0%、0.4%~1.9%和0.4%~1.6%。优化后的方法可成功用于地表水、地下水和工业废水的分析。该方法无需繁琐的前处理过程,具有进样量少、操作简单、灵敏度高、水样保存时间久等优点,适用于水中多种黄原酸的同时分析。

Detector performance of the Gamma-ray Transient Monitor onboard DRO-A satellite

The Gamma-ray Transient Monitor(GTM) is an all-sky monitor onboard the Distant Retrograde Orbit-A(DRO-A) satellite with the scientific objective of detecting gamma-ray transients ranging from 20 ke V to 1 MeV. The GTM was equipped with five Gamma-ray Transient Probe(GTP) detector modules utilizing a NaI(Tl) scintillator coupled with a SiPM array. To reduce the SiPM noise, GTP uses a dedicated dual-channel coincident readout design. In this work, we first studied the impact of different coincidence times on the detection efficiency and ultimately selected a 0.5 μs time coincidence window for offline data processing. To test the performance of the GTPs and validate the Monte-Carlo-simulated energy response, we conducted comprehensive ground calibration tests using the Hard X-ray Calibration Facility(HXCF) and radioactive sources, including the energy response, detection efficiency, spatial response, bias-voltage response, and temperature dependence. We extensively present the ground calibration results and validate the design and mass model of the GTP detector, thus providing the foundation for in-flight observations and scientific data analysis.

地面伽马能谱测量在浅覆盖区地质填图中的应用

地面伽马能谱测量作为地质填图的辅助手段用于浅覆盖区是一种新的尝试。通过野外实测剖面,分析了地面能谱测量在浅覆盖区进行地质填图的可能性,并使用圆滑处理手段来消除局部干扰,同时还分析了地面伽马能谱测量在大兴安岭地区进行岩性划分的能力,为区域地质填图提供了一种高效、轻便、快速的手段。

地面伽马能谱测量在铀矿找矿中的应用研究——以黑龙江省嘉荫县磨石山地区为例

黑龙江省嘉荫县磨石山地区为火山岩分布区,为研究该地区的铀矿分布特征,采用地面伽马能谱测量方法对该地区进行测量,通过地面伽马能谱在该地区的应用,探讨了磨石山地区的铀异常分布特征,表明该方法在铀矿找矿中应用效果明显,为寻找铀矿提供了途径。

地面伽马能谱测量在我国地质填图中的初步应用

近年来，由于核技术的发展和认识的转变，地面γ能谱测量等放射性方法在我国地质填图工作中已得到广泛应用。本文介绍地面伽马能谱测量等放射性方法在我国地质填图中的作用及应用情况。

地面伽马能谱测量应用于浅覆盖区地质填图数据预处理

地面伽马能谱测量作为地质填图的辅助手段应用于浅覆盖区是一种尝试。利用地面伽马能谱测量数据的预处理来尝试消除浅覆盖层对能谱测量的影响,通过野外试验数据和实测剖面数据的分析,进行了地表植被、局部干扰、测量几何条件、Th、K元素垂直分布分析,获得了数据预处理的简单方法,经过实测剖面的对比,证明方法是可取的。

大兴安岭地区浅覆盖层对地面伽马能谱测量的影响

讨论在大兴安岭地区进行地质填图中浅覆盖层对伽马能谱测量的影响问题。通过放射性元素的取样分析、岩石—土壤的矿物分析以及实测剖面分析,得知了伽马能谱测量的影响因素,从而为应用伽马能谱测量解决地质填图中的问题提供了依据。

地面伽玛能谱测量在西范坪铜矿勘查中的应用

我们在文中主要介绍了利用 CD— 3型微机化地面伽玛能谱测量仪在四川盐源县西范坪斑岩型铜矿中寻找有利含矿部位、区分岩性界限的应用效果。阐述了利用地面伽玛能谱测量给出的 U、Th、K含量及其比值等参数信息来解决有关地质问题的方法及手段 。

地下卤水中镭的富集与测定方法研究

以自配人工卤水,采用硫酸钡(镭)共沉淀法富集其中的镭,同时用γ谱仪同步测量226Ra和228Ra的含量。不同pH和共沉淀剂作用下的化学及放化回收率计算表明,该方法操作简单,回收率高,适用于地下卤水及其它水体较高含量226Ra2、28Ra的同步测定。用该方法测定的莱州湾地下卤水226Ra和228Ra含量分别为0.341Bq/L和1.615Bq/L,远高于海水中镭的含量。

水中矿物元素的ICP-MS分析

用ICP_MS对地下水、地表水和饮用水中的矿物元素进行了分析测定 ,实验证明用ICP_MS可以同时测定地下水、地表水和饮用水中矿物元素;该法灵敏度、精密度和准确度都能满足有关标准的要求 ,具有多元素同时分析 ,样品前处理简单 ,干扰少 ,测定快速 。

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定不同生长年限党参不同部位的锌

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了不同生长年限采收的药用植物党参的地上部分和地下部分中Zn的含量。随着生长年限的增长,Zn的含量在党参的地上部分和地下部分均有减少的趋势;地上部分Zn的含量明显高于地下部分。方法平均加标回收率为101.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于2.0%。测定结果为研究元素锌在不同采收年限党参中的分布及含量与党参的药效关系提供了有用的数据。

地面γ能谱和α杯测量在寻找铀(金、铜)矿产中的应用

文章介绍了ＣＤ－３型微机化地面γ能谱测量仪和ＣＤ－１型α杯仪在康滇地轴中南段铀（金、铜）成矿条件研究中的应用，论述了新一代地面γ能谱仪和累积测氡仪是解决有关地质问题的有力手段。特别是多参数测量能提供有关地质体更多的信息。

利用熵平均法对地面γ能谱数据局部干扰消除的应用研究

阐述了熵平均法对地面γ能谱测量局部干扰的消除的基本原理和方法,应用此方法对浅覆盖区地质填图的γ能谱测量剖面数据及应用γ能谱测量确定古城墙位置的平面测量数据进行了处理,处理结果表明该方法对于消除地表植被及局部土壤元素富集随机干扰、突出弱异常具有明显的效果,使地质填图中进行岩性划分界线明显,考古中古城墙表现的弱异常突出,边界清晰.通过对熵平均法应用的讨论,可以看到5点熵平均对于局部干扰压制较多而对异常削弱较少的特点;与多点平滑相比,熵平均对于突跳点具有更好的压制作用.熵平均法对于地面γ能谱测量随机影响的消除起到了较好的效果,使地面γ能谱测量得到了较好的应用.

活性炭负载丁二肟分离富集原子吸收法测定水中镍

通过对负载了丁二肟的活性炭对镍的吸附和富集行为的研究,确立了活性炭负载丁二肟和其对镍的吸附洗脱条件。建立了负载丁二肟活性炭对镍富集、分离,再用原子吸收测定的分析方法。方法的富集倍率为40倍。对地表水的测定结果令人满意。