Application of Garden Ground Cover Plants in Urban Roof Gardens

By analyzing the characteristics of ground cover plants,this study aimed to discuss about the plant species available for roof gardens and the selection principles.

Study on the Ground Cover Plant in Tibetan Herb Garden

This paper conducts a comprehensive survey of the ground cover plant in Tibetan herb garden for the first time using " five-point sampling method". Survey results show that:(i) A total of 46 families,95 genera,119 species of ground cover plants in herb garden are applied in Tibet,and Asteraceae,Gramineae,Leguminosae,Labiatae,Iridaceae and Liliaceae are used most,with the species number of 22,15,8,7,6 and 5,respectively,accounting for 18. 49%,12. 61%,6. 72%,5. 88%,5. 04% and 4. 20% of the plants surveyed,respectively.(ii) In terms of importance value for the herbaceous layer,the top three plants are Poa pratensis L.,Festuca arundinace and Lolium multiflorum L.,with the importance value of 45. 950,34. 610 and 29. 880,respectively; in terms of importance value for the non-turf ground cover herb plants,the top three plants are Trifolium L.,Cosmos bipinnata Cav. and Althaea rosea(Linn.) Cavan.,with the importance value of4. 372,3. 437 and 2. 062,respectively.(iii) The overall level of greening is low and uneven in the region,with large regional differences. In terms of ground cover plant abundance,Nyingchi > Lhasa > Shannan > Changdu > Xigaze > Ali > Nagqu.

Estimating above-ground biomass by fusion of LiDAR and multispectral data in subtropical woody plant communities in topographically complex terrain in North-eastern Australia

We investigated a strategy to improve predicting capacity of plot-scale above-ground biomass （AGB） by fusion of LiDAR and Land- sat5 TM derived biophysical variables for subtropical rainforest and eucalypts dominated forest in topographically complex landscapes in North-eastern Australia. Investigation was carried out in two study areas separately and in combination. From each plot of both study areas, LiDAR derived structural parameters of vegetation and reflectance of all Landsat bands, vegetation indices were employed. The regression analysis was carded out separately for LiDAR and Landsat derived variables indi- vidually and in combination. Strong relationships were found with LiDAR alone for eucalypts dominated forest and combined sites compared to the accuracy of AGB estimates by Landsat data. Fusing LiDAR with Landsat5 TM derived variables increased overall performance for the eucalypt forest and combined sites data by describing extra variation （3% for eucalypt forest and 2% combined sites） of field estimated plot-scale above-ground biomass. In contrast, separate LiDAR and imagery data, andfusion of LiDAR and Landsat data performed poorly across structurally complex closed canopy subtropical minforest. These findings reinforced that obtaining accurate estimates of above ground biomass using remotely sensed data is a function of the complexity of horizontal and vertical structural diversity of vegetation.

Analysis of Application Status and Recommendations for Shade-Tolerant Lawns and Ground Cover Plants in the West Lake Scenic Area

Taking 8 parks in Xihu Scenic Area as the survey objects, this study found that there are 77 kinds of shade-tolerant lawns and ground cover plants under the forest in good growth condition, and there are 3 types of application forms: dense forest, sparse forest and forest edge. In response to the existing problems, it is proposed that it is necessary to adhere to principles of ecology, adapt to local conditions and plant suitable varieties in accordance with local conditions, develop and use new varieties of wild shade-tolerant lawns and ground cover plants, and strengthen the promotion of the mixed planting model of shade-tolerant lawns and ground cover plants, so as to provide guidance for the better use of shade-tolerant lawns and ground cover under the forest in the West Lake Scenic Area in the future.

Study on Ability of Ground Cover Plant of Taiyuan to Adsorb PM(2.5)

Four ground cover plant species of Taiyuan（ Iris,Hemerocallis,Sedum,Hosta） were selected to study their capacities in adsorbing PM（2.5）. Meanwhile,the concentration of PM（2.5） in Taiyuan between April 2017 and August 2017 was recorded,and the characteristics of PM（2.5） pollution in summer and autumn in Taiyuan were studied. The results showed that for the 4 plants,the ability to adsorb PM（2.5） was in the order from great to small of Hosta,Iris,Hemerocallis,Sedum,in which H. plantaginea had the best effect to adsorb PM（2.5）. The fresh weight and dry weight per gram of H. plantaginea were 4. 4 times and 2 times higher than those of S. spectabile,while the mass quality of dust adsorption was 2.8 times higher. The sorting result was the same as the ability to adsorb PM（2.5） of unit leaf area. The result of the coefficient of purification showed that the purification coefficients of 3 vegetation structure were positive,and the combination of trees and shrubs in university campus had strong PM（2.5） adsorption capacity. By comparing the seasonal variation of PM（2.5） concentration in Taiyuan city,it found that the PM（2.5） concentration was particularly high in late spring and early summer of Taiyuan,when most of the ground cover plants were not fully grown. Therefore,ground cover plants played an important role in the construction of landscape and the regulation of ecological environment in Taiyuan.

Plant Extracts and Essential Oils at Concentrations Acceptable to a Sensory Panel Inactivate Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in Ground Pork

A potential method to inhibit pathogenic bacterial growth in meat is through the introduction of plant-derived antimicrobials. Because these antimicrobials may also adversely affect the sensory characteristics of the meat, the objectives of this study were 1) to define the appropriate concentrations of olive extract, apple extract, oregano oil, and cinnamon oil added to ground pork that are acceptable to a sensory panel, and 2) to determine their antimicrobial activities against Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in inoculated ground pork. Plant extracts were evaluated against two initial inoculum levels (6 and 4 log CFU/g of pork) of Salmonella. Sensory tests showed that acceptable concentrations of oregano and cinnamon oils were 0.5% and of olive and apple extracts were 3%, respectively. Ground pork samples were inoculated with Salmonella, treated with antimicrobials at various concentrations (0.1% - 0.5% cinnamon and oregano essential oils and 3% - 5% olive and apple extracts), and stored at 4°C for 7 days. Survivors were enumerated at days 0, 3, 5, and 7. Cinnamon oil at 0.5% and olive extract at 3% induced a 1.0 and a 0.9 log CFU/g (from 6-log CFU/g initial inoculum) reduction, respectively, at day 7. At 3%, olive extract showed a 1.06 log CFU/g maximum reduction of Salmonella from a 4-log CFU/g initial inoculum. Pork samples containing oregano oil and apple extract did not show a significant reduction compared to the control without the antimicrobials. The results indicate that cinnamon oil and olive extract can potentially be applied at consumer-acceptable concentrations against low levels of S. Typhimurium DT104 in ground pork.

Adsorption of Phosphate and Nitrate Using Modified Spent Coffee Ground and Its Application as an Alternative Nutrient Source for Plant Growth

Phosphate (PO43-) and Nitrate (NO3-) are two main nutrients that cause water eutrophication. In the other hand, the presence of PO43- and NO3- is needed for plant growth. The aims of this study are to recycle Spent Coffee Ground (SCG) modified with calcium hydroxide for adsorption PO43- and NO3-. The optimum adsorption capacity for PO43- and NO3- is 36.74 mg/L and 20.21 mg/L, respectively. The Freundlich isotherm model was suitable for PO43- and NO3- adsorption. The kinetic model for adsorption was linear using Pseudo-second order. The application of modified SCG after enrichment with PO43- and NO3- for plant growth (Raphanus sativus) showed optimum growth at a dose of 0.3% with value of germination index was 203%.

放牧干扰下两河源牧区草地群落多样性与生物量的关系及变化

放牧会影响植物群落特征及地上生物量与多样性之间的关系,是近年来草地生态系统研究的热点问题。本研究以两河源牧区草地为例,基于60个采样点,采用样方法对该牧区的草地植被进行调查,使用α-多样性指数测度分析了放牧对植物群落结构特征的影响,探讨植物群落物种多样性与地上生物量之间的关系及变化。结果表明:1)在自然放牧条件下,两河源牧区植物科属种数量降低,植物群落高度和盖度呈下降趋势(P<0.01),密度呈上升趋势(P<0.01)。2)放牧显著降低了植物群落地上生物量(P<0.01)。其中,禾草类植物群落地上生物量降低,杂草类植物群落地上生物量提高,豆科类植物群落地上生物量的变化不大。3)放牧对两河源牧区植物群落产生了显著的影响,导致植物群落物种丰富度、优势度和多样性降低,但群落物种数量的分布更加均匀。4)植物群落地上生物量与Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Alatalo均匀度指数呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),与Simpson优势度指数呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.01)。放牧干扰下,植物群落地上生物量与物种多样性之间的关系依然显著。因此,在草地的管理和维护中,应考虑放牧对植物群落结构特征的影响,根据当地实际情况做出合理的应对政策。研究结果为两河源牧区草地维护、管理及生态系统的可持续发展提供理论依据。

Ecological biomass allocation strategies in plant species with different life forms in a cold desert, China

Biomass allocation patterns among plant species are related to their adaptive ecological strategies. Ephemeral, ephemeroid and annual plant life forms represent three typical growth strategies of plants that grow in autumn and early spring in the cold deserts of China. These plants play an important role in reducing wind velocity in the desert areas. However, despite numerous studies, the strategies of biomass allocation among plant species with these three life forms remain contentious. In this study, we conducted a preliminary quadrat study during 2014–2016 in the southern part of the Gurbantunggut Desert, China, to investigate the allocation patterns of above-ground biomass(AGB) and below-ground biomass(BGB) at the individual level in 17 ephemeral, 3 ephemeroid and 4 annual plant species. Since ephemeral plants can germinate in autumn, we also compared biomass allocation patterns between plants that germinated in autumn 2015 and spring 2016 for 4 common ephemeral species. The healthy mature individual plants of each species were sampled and the AGB, BGB, total biomass(TB), leaf mass ratio(LMR) and root/shoot ratio(R/S) were calculated for 201 sample quadrats in the study area. We also studied the relationships between AGB and BGB of plants with the three different life forms(ephemeral, ephemeroid and annual). The mean AGB values of ephemeral, ephemeroid and annual plants were 0.806, 3.759 and 1.546 g/plant, respectively, and the mean BGB values were 0.106, 4.996 and 0.166 g/plant, respectively. The mean R/S value was significantly higher in ephemeroid plants(1.675) than in ephemeral(0.154) and annual(0.147) plants. The mean LMR was the highest in annual plants, followed by ephemeroid plants and ephemeral plants, reflecting the fact that annual plants allocate more biomass to leaves, associated with their longer life span. Biomass of ephemeral plants that germinated in autumn was significantly higher than those of corresponding plants that germinated in spring in terms of AGB, BGB and TB. However, the R/S value was similar in plants that germinated in autumn and spring. The slope of regression relationship between AGB and BGB differed significantly among the three plant life forms. These results support different biomass allocation hypotheses. Specifically, at the individual level, the AGB and BGB partitioning supports the allometric hypothesis for ephemeroid and annual plants and the isometric hypothesis for ephemeral plants.

Study on Lightning Protection Design of DCS in a Nuclear Power Plant

DCS （distributed control system） plays a decisive role in the overall operation of a nuclear power plant. If DCS fails, it will seriously affect the normal production of nuclear power plant, causing great losses. So it is very important to take perfect lightning protection measures on DCS of the nuclear power plant. In this paper, according to the actual situation of DCS in a nuclear power plant, by controlling lightning point, securely booting lightning into the ground network, improving low-resistance ground network, eliminating ground loops, determining the safety space, surge protection of power and signal, a set of complete lightning protection design scheme was systematically put forward. Some specific lightning protection measures were highlighted, such as the DCS grounding, equipotential bonds and shields, and some specific considerations were put forward. All of these could offer reference in the practical application.

Plant interference and trial designs to study it in a glasshouse:a review

Silvicultural approaches at forest plantations with wider initial tree spacing have created potential for increased understory vegetation growth in response to increased light and greater nutrient resources. In conse- quence understory vegetation can fill a more important role in forest ecosystems, especially in interactions （competi- tion or facilitation） between understorey vegetation and forests trees that might affect tree growth and nutrition. Considerable research has been carried out on plant inter- ference. However, the experimental designs used in these studies vary from one study to another, and from species to species depending on the aims, objectives and practicalities of the studies. Thus there is no optimum design for com- petition experiments. This review discusses designs avail- able in studying plant interferences in a glasshouse, particularly the effects of below-ground interaction of understorey vegetation and forest trees.

农村文化的迭代创新:农村居民参与“种文化”影响因素与启示

文章探究农村居民参与“种文化”的影响因素,以促进农村内生文化的发展及农村文化的迭代创新,进一步提升农村居民文化获得感,推动农村文化建设,助力乡村振兴。结合实地调研,采用半结构化访谈法收集湖南省株洲市攸县农村28位受访者的资料,运用扎根理论对农村居民参与“种文化”的影响因素进行分析与归纳,并构建其扎根理论框架模型。研究发现:农村居民参与“种文化”的影响因素包括种文化归因范畴、参与者归因范畴、组织者归因范畴和外界归因范畴4个类别;种文化归因包括运作成本和文化吸引;参与者归因包括个体兴趣、情感因素和收益认知;组织者归因包括个体因素和组织引领;外界归因包括环境因素和文化供给。

考虑碳市场风险的热电联产虚拟电厂低碳调度

燃煤热电机组“以热定电”的运行模式会导致新能源消纳能力不足,且运行过程中会产生过高碳排放。为此,建立了考虑地源热泵、电转气(P2G)和碳捕集与封存(CCS)的热电联产虚拟电厂模型,并提出了基于碳市场风险的虚拟电厂低碳调度策略。利用自回归滑动平均模型及广义自回归条件异方差模型预测碳市场的次日碳价,并用条件风险价值模型衡量其波动风险;引入电制热设备地源热泵,协同P2G-CCS解耦热电联产“以热定电”运行约束;提出以各设备的运行成本、弃风弃光惩罚成本、碳交易及碳市场风险成本之和最小为目标函数的优化调度策略。算例结果表明:所提调度策略不仅能促进新能源消纳,提高经济效益,还可以降低系统碳排放。

Relationship between Plant Species Diversity and Plant Biomass of Orchard Grass and Lucerne Sown in Different Ratios in the Province of Salamanca, Spain

A field experiment was carried out at the CSIC Mu&#241ovela farm belonging to the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) in order to evaluate the effect of sowing orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata var. Trerano) and lucerne (Medicago sativa var. Aragon) in monoculture and in combination. The experiment was based on a randomized block designed with a factorial arrangement (5 × 2). Experimental units were 40 plots distributed in four blocks. The phosphorus fertilization (P) factor included two types of conditions: basal fertilization without phosphorus (-P) and basal fertilization with phosphorus (+P), and the vegetation cover factor (T) included five conditions depending on the grass (G) and the legume (L). Above-ground biomass showed statistically significant differences among seasons and years (P Lolium perenne L. and Poa pratensis L. throughout the three years indicated that both species significantly increased their presence over time regardless of the treatments applied. The analysis performed for the other plant species (those other than grasses and legumes) allowed us to determine that the T1 and T5 treatments, which correspond to single species not treated with the application of phosphorus, influenced the presence of 70% of other species planted. Our specific aim was to explore how changing plant biotic diversity affects productivity under a given set of conditions. We manipulated plant species richness as an experimental factor to determine if productivity would be affected by changes in the ratios of plants sown.

赣州市园林地被植物资源筛选评价及园林应用研究

为评价地被植物在赣州城市绿地中的表现,筛选出适合城市园林应用的地被植物品种,采用层次分析法构建赣州市园林地被植物综合评价体系,从观赏性、生物学特性、应用潜力3方面筛选出13个评价指标,对赣州市园林应用的75种地被植物进行评价与分级。结果表明:观赏期、显示度、适应性等指标在园林地被植物占较大权重,其中Ⅰ级(3.6<Q≤4.0)有9种,Ⅱ级(3.2<Q≤3.6)有29种,Ⅲ级(2.8<Q≤3.2)有25种,Ⅳ级(Q≤2.8)有12种。

沙尘天气下洛阳市常见园林地被植物叶片滞尘特征

为充分了解沙尘天气下园林地被植物叶片滞尘量的变化和叶片质地对滞尘的影响,于2023年测定洛阳市常见的16种园林地被植物在沙尘天气后的单位叶面积滞尘量,分析园林地被植物之间叶片滞尘量差异的原因和叶片质地对滞尘量的影响。结果表明:1)日本珊瑚树的滞尘总量(0.221 6 mg·cm^(-2))最大,其次为红叶石楠(0.192 6 mg·cm^(-2)),红花酢浆草(0.013 0 mg·cm^(-2))最小;2)对于PM0.1~2.5的滞留量,以叶表具有毛状体的红花檵木(0.014 1 mg·cm^(-2))最大,棣棠(0.000 5 mg·cm^(-2))最小;3)革质叶、有毛状体叶的园林地被植物滞尘效果较好,其次是纸质叶,膜质叶最差;4)沙尘天气下,园林地被植物叶表滞留PM10~100的量比非沙尘天气显著升高,而PM2.5~10的滞留量变化不明显;5)沙尘天气下PM10~100在总悬浮颗粒物中的占比高于正常天气,而PM0.1~2.5的占比变小。因此,选用以防治空气污染为目标的园林地被植物时,建议选择日本珊瑚树、红叶石楠和红花檵木等滞尘能力较强的植物,叶片革质、厚实、有毛状体等特性更利于发挥滞尘效应。

大气氮沉降对云南亚热带森林地表草本层植物生长的影响

[目的]研究不同浓度大气氮沉降条件下云南亚热带常绿阔叶林生态系统地表草本层植被的生长情况,探讨大气氮沉降对森林生态系统植被组成和结构功能的影响。[方法]以云南亚热带常绿阔叶林生态系统为研究对象,设置0、1、5、10、15和30 g/(m^(2)·a)共6个施氮梯度,采用每30 d 1次林冠下人工喷施的方式对野外样地连续进行2年施氮处理,观察2年后试验样地内地表草本层植被的多样性、丰富度、株高和生物量等生长特征。[结果]随着施氮浓度的增大,植物丰富度、株高和生物量也逐渐增大,在年均30 g/(m^(2)·a)浓度梯度样地中,上述各项数据均达到最大值;而植物多样性则在5 g/(m^(2)·a)浓度梯度样地中达到最大值,为(13±3)种/m^(2)。植物地上部生物量占其总生物量比重较大,为(0.69±0.06)~(0.77±0.09),且呈随着施氮浓度的增大而逐渐降低趋势;植物地下部生物量占其总生物量比重相对较小,为(0.23±0.03)~(0.32±0.04),且呈随着施氮浓度增大而逐渐增加的趋势。[结论]证明了大量大气氮沉降对森林生态系统植物物种多样性的消极影响,明确了不同浓度大气氮沉降对地表草本层植物地上部和地下部之间生物量分配规律的影响,为受大气氮沉降干扰严重的森林生态系统的科学管理及合理开发利用提供理论依据和实际参考。

软土基础核岛厂房振动台试验数值模拟分析

采用土-结相互作用分区分析方法(partitioned analysis of soil-structure interaction,PASSI),对软土地基核岛厂房振动台试验中的筏基-混凝土框架模型以及桩基-混凝土框架模型进行了数值模拟,对比分析了振动台试验结果与数值模拟结果,并对软土地基下核岛厂房土-基础-结构的地震响应特征进行了分析。对2种模型输入调幅为0.05、0.10、0.20 g的RG160、Chi-Chi与Landers地震波,对比分析了各工况下振动台试验与数值模拟的土体与结构加速度放大系数、楼层反应谱、筏基底部土压力时程、桩身应变以及桩身弯矩。结果表明:数值模拟结果能较好地反映振动台试验结果;经过土层放大作用,随着楼层的增高,振动台试验和数值模拟中的加速度放大系数随之增大,反映了同样的规律;振动台试验与数值模拟所得的土-结体系的反应谱均与输入地震动频谱特征及体系的振动特性相关;振动台试验中,筏板基础会出现倾覆现象,筏基底部土压力时程表现出“东高西低”的现象,但数值模拟中筏基底部的土压力时程未出现此种现象,其原因是数值模拟中未考虑土体与基础的接触非线性;数值模拟中群桩的地震响应与试验的宏观现象基本吻合,定量上有差异,是数值模拟中未考虑桩的非线性所致。

发电厂电力系统接地故障的判断及解决措施分析

在城乡建设中,发电厂电力系统得到了广泛应用,其覆盖面积大且整体线路长,电力系统发生接地故障会直接影响电能输送质量与效能。准确判断并及时解决电力系统接地故障能够及时发现并处理潜在的安全隐患,有效避免或减少事故的发生,提高发电厂电力系统的安全性。此外,高效的接地故障解决方式能够缩短故障处理时间,降低故障对系统运行的影响,提高发电厂电力系统的运行效率。基于此,主要分析了发电厂电力系统常见的接地故障与判断方法,提出行之有效的解决措施,旨在提升发电厂电力系统发电的运行速率。

基于生长型性状的地被植物群落景观设计

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