In 2010, the fracking discussion in Germany caused a number of changes in German law, which came into force in 2016.Especially the production of gas had to be regulated.With the legislation amendment, the Subsidence-A...In 2010, the fracking discussion in Germany caused a number of changes in German law, which came into force in 2016.Especially the production of gas had to be regulated.With the legislation amendment, the Subsidence-Area Mining Regulation has been revised, too.The changes expand the compensation of mining damages, especially to the extraction with drilling from the surface and underground storage.Although the Subsidence-Area Mining Regulation has been revised, the area of main influence(subsidence of 10 cm)remains to determine a relevant boundary for mining damages.The determination and prediction of this boundary above caverns are presented in this paper.In addition, further elements of ground movements and their relevance to mine damages are analyzed.The usage of the area of main influence to fix a relevant boundary for mining damages does not correspond to the relevant elements of ground movements.A limit for differences in subsidence(tilt) or horizontal changes in length should be preferred to describe the relevance of mining damages on buildings.Furthermore, this paper outlines the meaning of using the area of main influence to fix a relevant boundary for mining damages.展开更多
Hard coal mining in the German Ruhr district has a tradition of more than 200 years. Starting in the south near the river Ruhr with mining of seams near to the surface, mining wandered to the north with coal seams dee...Hard coal mining in the German Ruhr district has a tradition of more than 200 years. Starting in the south near the river Ruhr with mining of seams near to the surface, mining wandered to the north with coal seams deeper and deeper. In the same way all environmental effects of mining wandered from south to north, as there are abandoned mining sites, contaminated areas, burning mining dumps, subsided areas and gas accesses at day ground. This all happened in a very high populated area with more than four million inhabitants. Therefore Germany has a long tradition in solving environmental problems of mining activities. The very good interaction of mine authority, mining companies and the mine workers’ union is the main reason why the problems of decreasing mining activities in Germany were solved without economic, environmental or social hazards.展开更多
The rhizome functions are of great significance to the ecological protection of the western China mining area,whose ecological management can be provided with technical support via accurate calculations of the rhizome...The rhizome functions are of great significance to the ecological protection of the western China mining area,whose ecological management can be provided with technical support via accurate calculations of the rhizome biomass.The rhizome diameter is an important index parameter of rhizome biomass.In this study,we propose an estimation of rhizome diameters based on ground penetrating radar(GPR)-based reverse time migration(RTM)imaging technology.First,the spatial distribution of shallow rhizomes is simulated using the finite difference time domain method.The simulation data are examined via RTM imaging and single-channel rhizome analysis to obtain the rhizome index parameters:Δh,the width of the maximum positive peak amplitude measured at an amplitude of zero,andΔH,the distance between the zero-amplitude position above the largest positive peak in the shallow region and the zero-amplitude position below the largest positive peak in the deeper region.The experiments of physical models verify the effectiveness of the two parameters(Δh andΔH).and indicate that the values ofΔh andΔH are independent of the rhizome burial depth;instead,they are only related to the diameter of the rhizome.For both the numerical simulations and the physical model experiment,the estimation errors ofΔh andΔH for the rhizome diameters can be constrained to less than 6%and 5%,respectively,which shows that the estimation of the rhizome diameters using GPR based RTM imaging technology is reasonable and effective and its high estimation accuracy meets the technical requirements.展开更多
露天矿区场景复杂,行车障碍物检测受扬尘和颗粒物等粉尘噪声干扰严重,难以准确识别障碍物,尤其是光线较差的夜间,不利于做出正确决策,从而影响无人作业的安全性和整体效率。针对以上问题,提出了一种基于YOLOv8n模型的露天矿区行车障碍...露天矿区场景复杂,行车障碍物检测受扬尘和颗粒物等粉尘噪声干扰严重,难以准确识别障碍物,尤其是光线较差的夜间,不利于做出正确决策,从而影响无人作业的安全性和整体效率。针对以上问题,提出了一种基于YOLOv8n模型的露天矿区行车障碍物检测算法YOLOv8n-Enhanced。该算法主要从3个方面进行了改进,具体包括:首先,针对受粉尘噪声干扰严重和夜间光线不足的问题,提出了C2fCA模块结构,提高了模型特征提取能力;其次,使用轻量级卷积技术GSConv和VoV-GSCSP模块,减轻模型复杂性,实现检测器更高的计算成本效益;最后,使用WIOU损失函数,提高了模型泛化能力。试验结果表明:改进算法在保持实时性的前提下,可将YOLOv8n的平均精度(mean Average Precision,mAP)分别提高1.8%和2.6%,实现白天与夜间场景下不同尺度的障碍物识别。展开更多
文摘In 2010, the fracking discussion in Germany caused a number of changes in German law, which came into force in 2016.Especially the production of gas had to be regulated.With the legislation amendment, the Subsidence-Area Mining Regulation has been revised, too.The changes expand the compensation of mining damages, especially to the extraction with drilling from the surface and underground storage.Although the Subsidence-Area Mining Regulation has been revised, the area of main influence(subsidence of 10 cm)remains to determine a relevant boundary for mining damages.The determination and prediction of this boundary above caverns are presented in this paper.In addition, further elements of ground movements and their relevance to mine damages are analyzed.The usage of the area of main influence to fix a relevant boundary for mining damages does not correspond to the relevant elements of ground movements.A limit for differences in subsidence(tilt) or horizontal changes in length should be preferred to describe the relevance of mining damages on buildings.Furthermore, this paper outlines the meaning of using the area of main influence to fix a relevant boundary for mining damages.
文摘Hard coal mining in the German Ruhr district has a tradition of more than 200 years. Starting in the south near the river Ruhr with mining of seams near to the surface, mining wandered to the north with coal seams deeper and deeper. In the same way all environmental effects of mining wandered from south to north, as there are abandoned mining sites, contaminated areas, burning mining dumps, subsided areas and gas accesses at day ground. This all happened in a very high populated area with more than four million inhabitants. Therefore Germany has a long tradition in solving environmental problems of mining activities. The very good interaction of mine authority, mining companies and the mine workers’ union is the main reason why the problems of decreasing mining activities in Germany were solved without economic, environmental or social hazards.
基金supported by the Open Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Water Resource Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining(Gant No.SHJT-16-30.18)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41602364)+1 种基金National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFC0801404)State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)(No.SKLCRSM16DCB14,SKLCRSM17DC01)。
文摘The rhizome functions are of great significance to the ecological protection of the western China mining area,whose ecological management can be provided with technical support via accurate calculations of the rhizome biomass.The rhizome diameter is an important index parameter of rhizome biomass.In this study,we propose an estimation of rhizome diameters based on ground penetrating radar(GPR)-based reverse time migration(RTM)imaging technology.First,the spatial distribution of shallow rhizomes is simulated using the finite difference time domain method.The simulation data are examined via RTM imaging and single-channel rhizome analysis to obtain the rhizome index parameters:Δh,the width of the maximum positive peak amplitude measured at an amplitude of zero,andΔH,the distance between the zero-amplitude position above the largest positive peak in the shallow region and the zero-amplitude position below the largest positive peak in the deeper region.The experiments of physical models verify the effectiveness of the two parameters(Δh andΔH).and indicate that the values ofΔh andΔH are independent of the rhizome burial depth;instead,they are only related to the diameter of the rhizome.For both the numerical simulations and the physical model experiment,the estimation errors ofΔh andΔH for the rhizome diameters can be constrained to less than 6%and 5%,respectively,which shows that the estimation of the rhizome diameters using GPR based RTM imaging technology is reasonable and effective and its high estimation accuracy meets the technical requirements.
文摘露天矿区场景复杂,行车障碍物检测受扬尘和颗粒物等粉尘噪声干扰严重,难以准确识别障碍物,尤其是光线较差的夜间,不利于做出正确决策,从而影响无人作业的安全性和整体效率。针对以上问题,提出了一种基于YOLOv8n模型的露天矿区行车障碍物检测算法YOLOv8n-Enhanced。该算法主要从3个方面进行了改进,具体包括:首先,针对受粉尘噪声干扰严重和夜间光线不足的问题,提出了C2fCA模块结构,提高了模型特征提取能力;其次,使用轻量级卷积技术GSConv和VoV-GSCSP模块,减轻模型复杂性,实现检测器更高的计算成本效益;最后,使用WIOU损失函数,提高了模型泛化能力。试验结果表明:改进算法在保持实时性的前提下,可将YOLOv8n的平均精度(mean Average Precision,mAP)分别提高1.8%和2.6%,实现白天与夜间场景下不同尺度的障碍物识别。
