Different Foliar Fertilizer Treatments Affect the Yield and Quality of Brassica napus L.for Both Vegetable and Oil Dual-Use Rape

Field experiments were carried out to study the effect of different foliar fertilizer treatments on the agronomic traits,yield,and quality of Brassica napus L.for both vegetable and oil dual-use rape.The seedlings of‘Youtai 929’,‘Jinyoutai 1’,and‘Zhongshuang 11’were sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate,naphthylacetic acid,and selenium fertilizer,and the agronomic traits,yield,and quality were determined.The results showed that the naphthylacetic acid treatment had the highest indexes before winter,followed by the selenium fertilizer treatment.At the harvesting stage,the plant height,number of siliquae,yield per plant,and number of effective branches on the main stem of the three varieties were the highest in the naphthylacetic acid treatment,followed by those in the potassium dihydrogen phosphate treatment.The fresh shoot quality was the best in the selenium fertilizer treatment and the second in the naphthylacetic acid treatment.‘Jinyoutai 1’applied with naphthylacetic acid had the highest economic benefit of 4971.78 CNY/667m2,which was 642.32 CNY/667m2 higher than that of the control.The findings suggested that naphthylacetic acid was suitable to be used as the foliar fertilizer for the seedlings of B.napus varieties for both vegetable and oilseed,and the additional application of selenium fertilizer demonstrated better effect.

Dual-Use Signal Design for Radar and Communication via Joint Orthogonal Signal and Phase Modulation

This paper proposes a new information modulation resorting to orthogonal signal and its phase for dual-function radar communication(DFRC)systems.Focusing on the standardized linear frequency modulation(LFM)signal by additional phase,a bank of signals enjoying satisfactory autocorrelation and cross-correlation characteristics,are generated.Then,these signals map the different information as well as their phases are also modulated to increase the communication bit rate,thus yielding a series of dual-use signals.Finally,the radar detection and communication performance of dual-use signals are also provided through numerical simulation and half-physical platform verification,confirming the effectiveness of the designed signals compared with the existing design strategy.

Analysis of a passive ankle exoskeleton for reduction of metabolic costs during walking

Modern conflicts demand substantial physical and psychological exertion,often resulting in fatigue and diminished combat or operational readiness.Several exoskeletons have been developed recently to address these challenges,presenting various limitations that affect their operational or everyday usability.This article evaluates the performance of a dual-purpose passive ankle exoskeleton developed for the reduction of metabolic costs during walking,seeking to identify a force element that could be applied to the target population.Based on the 6-min walk test,twenty-nine subjects participated in the study using three different force elements.The results indicate that it is possible to reduce metabolic expenditure while using the developed exoskeleton.Additionally,the comfort and range of motion results verify the exoskeleton's suitability for use in uneven terrain and during extended periods.Nevertheless,the choice of the force element should be tailored to each user,and the control system should be adjustable to optimise the exoskeleton's performance.

Evolution of Surface Sensible Heat over the Tibetan Plateau Under the Recent Global Warming Hiatus

Based on regular surface meteorological observations and NCEP/DOE reanalysis data, this study investigates the evolution of surface sensible heat（SH） over the central and eastern Tibetan Plateau（CE-TP） under the recent global warming hiatus. The results reveal that the SH over the CE-TP presents a recovery since the slowdown of the global warming. The restored surface wind speed together with increased difference in ground-air temperature contribute to the recovery in SH.During the global warming hiatus, the persistent weakening wind speed is alleviated due to the variation of the meridional temperature gradient. Meanwhile, the ground surface temperature and the difference in ground-air temperature show a significant increasing trend in that period caused by the increased total cloud amount, especially at night. At nighttime, the increased total cloud cover reduces the surface effective radiation via a strengthening of atmospheric counter radiation and subsequently brings about a clear upward trend in ground surface temperature and the difference in ground-air temperature.Cloud–radiation feedback plays a significant role in the evolution of the surface temperature and even SH during the global warming hiatus. Consequently, besides the surface wind speed, the difference in ground-air temperature becomes another significant factor for the variation in SH since the slowdown of global warming, particularly at night.

The New Perspective in the Construction of NIS： Civil-military Integration

The paper firstly introduces the conditions of NIS in America and Japan, then analyzes the condition and problems in NIS of China, and lastly illustrates the strategic meaning of Civil-military Integration NIS.

Replacing urban trucks via ground-air cooperation

The advent of drones is leading to a paradigm shift in courier services,while their large-scale deployment is confined by a limited range.Here,we design a low-cost product that allows drones to drop parcels onto and pick them up from the roofs of moving passenger vehicles.With this,we propose a ground-air cooperation(GAC)based business model for parcel delivery in an urban environment.As per our case study using real-world data in Beijing,the new business model will not only shorten the parcel delivery time by 86.5% with a comparable cost,but also reduce road traffic by 8.6%,leading to an annual social benefit of 6.67 billion USD for Beijing.The proposed model utilizes the currently“wasted or unused”rooftops of passenger vehicles and has the potential to replace most parcel trucks and trailers,thus fundamentally addressing the congestion,noise,pollution,and road wear and tear problems caused by trucks,and bringing in immense social benefit.

Estimation of clear-sky longwave downward radiation from HJ-1B thermal data

To satisfy the requirement of surface energy budget research on the meso- and micro-scale, a parameterization is developed to calculate high spatial resolution, clear-sky downward longwave radiation （DLR） from HJ-IB thermal data. The DLR algorithm is established based on extensive radiative transfer simulation and statistical analysis. To address the problem that HJ-1B has a single thermal channel and lacks atmospheric information, the brightness temperature of HJ-1B and water vapor content are used in the algorithm. An accuracy evaluation and error analysis for the algorithm is conducted using a simulated radiation da- taset. The result shows that the algorithm performs well in most circumstances, but there is obvious underestimation when wa- ter vapor content is greater than 4 g/cm2. Error analysis indicates the accuracy of estimated DLRs is affected by uncertainties in input parameters, including water vapor content and top-of-atmosphere radiance. It is also affected by the difference between ground and near-surface air temperature. The algorithm is applied to actual HJ-1B data, and validated by ground data from six stations in the Heihe River and Haihe River basins. The estimated DLRs have good consistency with measured data except at Huazhaizi, and root mean square errors at most sites are around 20 W/m2, which is slightly better than the result of MODIS. There is significant overestimation of DLR at Huazhaizi during summer, which is mainly produced by the large ground-air temperature difference. A correction process based on temperature difference is proposed and applied at Huazhaizi. The result shows that the positive bias is largely diminished after correction.

Capacity building for the identification,mitigation,and communication of DURC in Pakistan:A cross-sectional study

The increasing threat posed by state and nonstate actors seeking to misuse scientific and technological developments means it is more important than ever to ensure the responsible conduct of life sciences research,biosecurity research,and dual-use research of concern(DURC).Pakistan has a rapidly growing research environment and,being a signatory to the Biological Toxins and Weapons Convention,is committed to raising DURC awareness among its researchers.To this end,a series of five workshops were conducted in Pakistan between July 2018 and January 2020 with the support of the United States organization Health Security Partners.The workshops targeted universities offering postgraduate programs in life and medical sciences.The purpose of the workshops was to enable participants to understand the concept of DURC,review their own research,determine if any of their experiments may be DURC,identify potential risks while conducting the research,and develop protocols to mitigate DURC threats.A pre-and post-workshop questionnaire evaluated the knowledge of the participants.Evaluations of both the course and facilitators were obtained at each workshop.

Prudently conduct the engineering and synthesis of the SARS-CoV-2 virus

In response to the outbreak of COVID-19 that has been sweeping the world,scientists reconstructed the SARSCoV-2 rapidly using a synthetic genomics platform,in order to accelerate therapeutics and vaccine development.However,given the dual-use nature of this technology,there exists a high biosecurity risk.This paper points out the potential risks of the engineering SARS-CoV-2 virus and puts forward 6 questions to this work.The authors emphasize that the two basic values of safety/security and intellectual freedom of research must be considered evenly.From the perspective of responsible development of biotechnology,this paper calls for a careful assessment to the risks of the technology,replacing risky technologies with safe ones.The risks of publication also need to be strictly assessed.The authors believe,in addition to enhancing the“self-government”and self-discipline of scientists and scientific communities,government supervision must be reinforced,laws and regulations should be improved,and global regulation framework ought to be constructed.

Overview and prospects of food biosafety

Biosafety issues have become a major threat to the health of humans,animals,and ecosystems worldwide.As problems with food production and the food supply chain have become of greater concern to consumers,issues involving biosafety and food safety from a developmental perspective need to be urgently addressed.The term,food biosafety,is the combination of the core concepts of biosafety and food safety.It refers to the effective prevention of biological threats to food production and the food supply chain by controlling foodborne diseases arising from the consumption of edible plants and animal products,by preventing the establishment of invasive species,by strictly controlling the use of antibiotics,agricultural chemicals and veterinary drugs in the food supply chain,and by initiating food defense and anti-terrorism measures to protect the health of humans,animals,and ecosystems,thereby maintaining sustainable development in China.This article provides theoretical support for the extension of food biosafety to propose an innovative plan for the international co-governance of food safety.

Thermal Efficiency Optimization of a Ground Source Heat Pump System by Assistant Preheating/Precooling: A Case Study on a Heating-Load Dominated Building

Operation strategies of Ground Source Heat Pump System(GSHPS) such as continuous or intermittent approaches have been extensively studied. In this work, a novel strategy was proposed to maximize the energy efficiency of GSHPS. In this approach, the buildings was first air-conditioned by the preheating/precooling mode and the rest thermal load was covered by the heat pump(HP) mode. The system performance can then be optimized by considering the combination of these two operating modes. A case study was made to examine the thermal performance of a GSHPS installed in Nuremberg, Germany. Thermal performance of the HP and the preheating/precooling operating modes was examined. The system was optimized by deploying the assistant preheating/precooling approach and over one-year period monitoring showed that the seasonal Coefficient of Performance(COP) of the GSHPS was 4.12 in winter and 5.01 in summer. These COP values are higher than that of the conventional GSHPS. Thus, this proposed strategy could be an efficient way to improve the thermal performance of GSHPS.