In this paper, the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) method was used to characterize concrete tubes and steel/plastic tanks buried in IAG/USP test site. The microwave tomography was used to improve the GPR images, aiming...In this paper, the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) method was used to characterize concrete tubes and steel/plastic tanks buried in IAG/USP test site. The microwave tomography was used to improve the GPR images, aiming to retrieve the geometry of the targets. The numerical modeling studies also were done in order to predict the GPR results of the buried targets and to give more reliability to the results interpretation. The targets were installed in the first shallow geophysical test site of the Brazil located at Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics, and Atmospheric Science (IAG) of the University of S?o Paulo (USP). GPR profiles of 200 MHz (shielded bistatic antennas) were acquired along three lines containing concrete tubes and steel/plastic tanks buried in subsoil. The concrete tubes show a hyperbolic reflector for the top, and the vertical tube also presented a reflection on its bottom. The horizontal steel tanks were characterized by a strong GPR reflection on their top. The empty plastic tank shows a strong reflector for the top with normal polarity. On the other hand, the plastic tank filled with water shows a weaker reflector for its top characterized by the inverted polarity of GPR signal when compared with empty plastic tank. The plastic tank filled with water also went characterized by the strong reflection to its bottom, being a good indicative to interpret GPR data on target in subsoil with some types of fluid inside of tank. The results of polarity difference for the top of tank can be used as guide pattern to identify buried tank empty or filled with water. The application of microwave tomography to the GPR data permitted to determine the position and get a good identification of the edges of the targets studied. The numeric modeling presented a good accordance with real data reducing the ambiguities in interpretation of results. These results can be used as a reference, and they can be extrapolated for areas where there is no subsurface information.展开更多
基于数值模拟基本假设,运用有效应力原理以及振动孔隙水压力增长经验模式,采用应力循环孔压增量计算方法,直接针对非自由可液化场地基地震反应的大型振动台试验建立数值计算模型,并据此进行可液化场地基孔压动力增长数值模拟。数值模拟...基于数值模拟基本假设,运用有效应力原理以及振动孔隙水压力增长经验模式,采用应力循环孔压增量计算方法,直接针对非自由可液化场地基地震反应的大型振动台试验建立数值计算模型,并据此进行可液化场地基孔压动力增长数值模拟。数值模拟结果表明:分别在0.15g和0.50g El Centro波输入下,孔压在13 s之前无明显变化,至13 s瞬时增长,20 s左右达到最大值,并且自下而上峰期孔压比逐步增大;其中0.5g El Centro波输入下整个土层达到全部液化的孔压比,而0.15g El Centro波输入下仅上部土层具有局部液化的孔压比。同时由数值模拟结果可发现:由于桩-土动力相互作用,致使近桩区孔压较远桩区孔压高且在桩周附近形成一定孔压梯度,但对孔压增长趋势无太大影响;数值模拟获得的地基振动孔隙水压力增长规律与试验记录基本保持一致。总的来讲,这种孔压动力增长的数值模拟方法,在强震输入下基本能够刻画土层中孔压的动力增长过程,而弱震输入下的计算误差较明显。展开更多
利用美国ASD公司的FieldSpec Pro FR地面波谱仪,选择5°视场角探头和135cm探头距测试地物高度,开展0°、5°、10°、15°、20°等五种不同地形坡度明、暗地物自然定标场地面波谱测试。通过对比研究不同地形坡...利用美国ASD公司的FieldSpec Pro FR地面波谱仪,选择5°视场角探头和135cm探头距测试地物高度,开展0°、5°、10°、15°、20°等五种不同地形坡度明、暗地物自然定标场地面波谱测试。通过对比研究不同地形坡度具代表性、能真实反映被测试目标平均自然性的各波谱测试点波谱曲线特征,得出0°、5°地形坡度获取的波谱曲线连续、平滑,信噪比高,没有混入大气水气吸收、仪器噪声等因素导致的剧烈波动、跳跃现象或尖锐锯齿状噪声,波谱特征明显,吸收峰最小值位置清晰可辨,各波谱测试点波谱曲线变化幅度小,整体反射率值变化小,Fe^(2+)、Fe^(3+)、Al-OH、Mg-OH、CO_3^(2-)等分子基团与离子波谱的诊断性波谱特征位置清晰可辨。因此0°和5°坡度地形条件获取的地面同步自然场光谱定标波谱曲线,可以满足航空高光谱遥感数据的大气校正、光谱重建和空、地回归分析等所需的地面波谱数据要求。展开更多
文摘In this paper, the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) method was used to characterize concrete tubes and steel/plastic tanks buried in IAG/USP test site. The microwave tomography was used to improve the GPR images, aiming to retrieve the geometry of the targets. The numerical modeling studies also were done in order to predict the GPR results of the buried targets and to give more reliability to the results interpretation. The targets were installed in the first shallow geophysical test site of the Brazil located at Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics, and Atmospheric Science (IAG) of the University of S?o Paulo (USP). GPR profiles of 200 MHz (shielded bistatic antennas) were acquired along three lines containing concrete tubes and steel/plastic tanks buried in subsoil. The concrete tubes show a hyperbolic reflector for the top, and the vertical tube also presented a reflection on its bottom. The horizontal steel tanks were characterized by a strong GPR reflection on their top. The empty plastic tank shows a strong reflector for the top with normal polarity. On the other hand, the plastic tank filled with water shows a weaker reflector for its top characterized by the inverted polarity of GPR signal when compared with empty plastic tank. The plastic tank filled with water also went characterized by the strong reflection to its bottom, being a good indicative to interpret GPR data on target in subsoil with some types of fluid inside of tank. The results of polarity difference for the top of tank can be used as guide pattern to identify buried tank empty or filled with water. The application of microwave tomography to the GPR data permitted to determine the position and get a good identification of the edges of the targets studied. The numeric modeling presented a good accordance with real data reducing the ambiguities in interpretation of results. These results can be used as a reference, and they can be extrapolated for areas where there is no subsurface information.
文摘基于数值模拟基本假设,运用有效应力原理以及振动孔隙水压力增长经验模式,采用应力循环孔压增量计算方法,直接针对非自由可液化场地基地震反应的大型振动台试验建立数值计算模型,并据此进行可液化场地基孔压动力增长数值模拟。数值模拟结果表明:分别在0.15g和0.50g El Centro波输入下,孔压在13 s之前无明显变化,至13 s瞬时增长,20 s左右达到最大值,并且自下而上峰期孔压比逐步增大;其中0.5g El Centro波输入下整个土层达到全部液化的孔压比,而0.15g El Centro波输入下仅上部土层具有局部液化的孔压比。同时由数值模拟结果可发现:由于桩-土动力相互作用,致使近桩区孔压较远桩区孔压高且在桩周附近形成一定孔压梯度,但对孔压增长趋势无太大影响;数值模拟获得的地基振动孔隙水压力增长规律与试验记录基本保持一致。总的来讲,这种孔压动力增长的数值模拟方法,在强震输入下基本能够刻画土层中孔压的动力增长过程,而弱震输入下的计算误差较明显。
文摘利用美国ASD公司的FieldSpec Pro FR地面波谱仪,选择5°视场角探头和135cm探头距测试地物高度,开展0°、5°、10°、15°、20°等五种不同地形坡度明、暗地物自然定标场地面波谱测试。通过对比研究不同地形坡度具代表性、能真实反映被测试目标平均自然性的各波谱测试点波谱曲线特征,得出0°、5°地形坡度获取的波谱曲线连续、平滑,信噪比高,没有混入大气水气吸收、仪器噪声等因素导致的剧烈波动、跳跃现象或尖锐锯齿状噪声,波谱特征明显,吸收峰最小值位置清晰可辨,各波谱测试点波谱曲线变化幅度小,整体反射率值变化小,Fe^(2+)、Fe^(3+)、Al-OH、Mg-OH、CO_3^(2-)等分子基团与离子波谱的诊断性波谱特征位置清晰可辨。因此0°和5°坡度地形条件获取的地面同步自然场光谱定标波谱曲线,可以满足航空高光谱遥感数据的大气校正、光谱重建和空、地回归分析等所需的地面波谱数据要求。
