Technology of groundwater reservoir construction in goafs of shallow coalfields

In exploiting shallow coal resources in western China, conservation of water resources is often subjugated to considerations of safety and production in coal mines. In order to maintain a sustainable development in the Shenfu-Dongsheng coalfield, we propose a technology of constructing groundwater reservoirs in goafs in shallow coalfields to protect fragile ecological environments. Given the premise of safe production, we selected an appropriate goaf as the site for constructing a groundwater reservoir and used a mine water recharge technique in combination with other related techniques for effective water conservation. Then filtering and purification techniques were used to purify the mine water given the physical and chemical properties of mine water and its filling material, ,thereby greatly reducing suspended matter, calcium and other harmful ions in the water. With the potential of widely application, the research result has been successfully applied in the Daliuta coal mine, to great economic and ecological effect. Therefore, this achievement provides a new way for mine water conservation in shallow coal resources in western China.

ANALYSIS AND CALCULATION OF REGULATED WATER RESOURCES OF GROUNDWATER RESERVOIR

Groundwater reservoir is a kind of important engineering, which can optimize water resources arran- gement by means of artificial regulation. Regulated water is the blood and value performance of groundwater reservoir. To resolve the problem of real-time quantification of regulated water, the paper analyzed sources and compositions of regulated water in detail. Then, under the conditions of satisfying water demand inside research area, the paper analyzed quantity available and regulation coefficient of different regulated water and established a formula to calculate regulated water. At last, based on a pore groundwater reservoir in the middle reaches of the Yinma River, Jilin Province, the paper calculated regulated water with the formula and the result shows that the method is feasible. With some constraint conditions, the formula can be adopted in other similar areas.

Emergency Plan for Water Supply in Consecutive Droughts and Sustainable Water Resources Management in Beijing

Beijing, the capital city of China, has suffered from acute water shortage, with only 300 m3/a of water resources available per capita. In addition, Beijing has experienced a prolonged period of consecutive droughts from 1999 to 2010. Water crisis has constrained the socio-economic development of Beijing. Meanwhile, the national "South-to-North Water Transfer"（STNWT） project, which is expected to provide some relief to the water crisis in Beijing, is still under development. In order to ensure the security of water supply in Beijing before the completion of the STNWT project, several measures have been implemented to cope with droughts, including pumping groundwater from emergency well fields,water saving, recycling of water, rain and flood water harvesting, and the diversion of water from neighboring rivers and groundwater basins. Groundwater from four emergency well fields contributes the most to the public and domestic water supplies in Beijing, supplying a total volume of 1.8×10;m;.The water crisis is supposed to be mitigated by the completion of the STNWT project. After the completion of this project, more sustainable management of water resources will be implemented,including the use of aquifers as groundwater reservoirs and conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater resources.

Scientific Value of the Fenlong Tillage Erupting Super "Natural Forces" and Its Global Application

The concept of " natural forces" is proposed in farming field for the first time,and the core theory of Fenlong tillage is illustrated. This tillage method provides " super plough layer" and " super groundwater reservoir" by the machine,including six vertical spiral drills,can smash the soil vertically,without disorganizing soil layer. And this tillage method releases five " natural forces" with infinite space and time,including natural soil activation forces,natural fertility forces,natural water control forces,natural environment improvement forces,and natural river driving forces by activating various land resources. Fenlong tillage can significantly increase the source of high-quality food for human,and solve the problem of natural disasters by natural forces curing itself. It is proposed that the implementation of the " six key projects" by the " natural forces" of Fenlong tillage can solve the deep problems in China. The researchers suggest establishing Fenlong tillage great science engineering which could solve the problem of harmonious symbiosis between man and nature. The present results indicate that Fenlong tillage erupts super natural forces with infinite space and time,which can be used as a deep tillage practice to maintain the natural and environmental beauty of the earth forever.