Tumor-Specific Histo-Blood Group Antigens: Apropos of Two Cases

Cancer cells with immunogenic properties having altered protein glycosylation, modified blood group substances have been widely studied. Due to the genetic instability occurring during carcinogenesis the glycosyltransferases may suffer from posttranslation sequence modification. The author describes 2 autopsy cases, where in the background of the unusual metastatic tumor presentation, incompatible blood group antigenic determinants have been demonstrated using blood group specific lectins and monoclonal antibodies (mAb). In the first case, reported here, a 10-year-old girl developed an acute myeloid leukemia and died in a septic endotoxin shock after successful cytostatic treatment of a juvenile signet ring cell cancer of her colon. At autopsy there were no signs of tumor except bilateral apple-sized mucinous ovarian (Krukenberg) metastases. While she had erythrocyte phenotype of blood group A, the signet ring adenocarcinoma cells expressed blood group B incompatible antigenic determinants with lectin/mAb. In the second case, the autopsy of a 78-year-old female resulted in no macroscopic tumor sign except a moderately enlarged, ham hard spleen. Light microscopy revealed adenocarcinomatous infiltration in the splenic sinusoids. The patient had blood group O, while the metastatic cells in the spleen reacted with Breast Carcinoma Antigen (BioGenex) and incompatible anti-B Banderiaeasimplicifolia agglutinin I and anti-B mAb. It proved to be a case of an occult, completely regressed breast cancer. Based on these observations the expression of tumor specific incompatible blood group antigens might occur from time to time, mostly in adenocarcinomas. Accordingly, blood group-based specific immuno-oncotherapy could be considered in some cancer cases.

RELATIVE ENTROPY DIMENSION FOR COUNTABLE AMENABLE GROUP ACTIONS

We study the topological complexities of relative entropy zero extensions acted upon by countable-infinite amenable groups.First,for a given Følner sequence,we define the relative entropy dimensions and the dimensions of the relative entropy generating sets to characterize the sub-exponential growth of the relative topological complexity.we also investigate the relations among these.Second,we introduce the notion of a relative dimension set.Moreover,using the method,we discuss the disjointness between the relative entropy zero extensions via the relative dimension sets of two extensions,which says that if the relative dimension sets of two extensions are different,then the extensions are disjoint.

Improvisation of Node Mobility Using Cluster Routing-based Group Adaptive in MANET

In today's Internet routing infrastructure,designers have addressed scal-ing concerns in routing constrained multiobjective optimization problems examining latency and mobility concerns as a secondary constrain.In tactical Mobile Ad-hoc Network(MANET),hubs can function based on the work plan in various social affairs and the internally connected hubs are almost having the related moving standards where the topology between one and the other are tightly coupled in steady support by considering the touchstone of hubs such as a self-sorted out,self-mending and self-administration.Clustering in the routing process is one of the key aspects to increase MANET performance by coordinat-ing the pathways using multiple criteria and analytics.We present a Group Adaptive Hybrid Routing Algorithm(GAHRA)for gathering portability,which pursues table-driven directing methodology in stable accumulations and on-request steering strategy for versatile situations.Based on this aspect,the research demonstrates an adjustable framework for commuting between the table-driven approach and the on-request approach,with the objectives of enhancing the out-put of MANET routing computation in each hub.Simulation analysis and replication results reveal that the proposed method is promising than a single well-known existing routing approach and is well-suited for sensitive MANET applications.

Enterprise Internal Control Based on Risk Management with Moutai Group as an Example

Focusing on the two themes of"internal control"and"risk management",this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the current situation of risk management and internal control of Moutai Group.It analyzes the current situation of risk management and internal control of Moutai Group.It is found that the risk management of Moutai Group is not perfect,the information exchange is not smooth,and the internal control assessment is not perfect.Finally,it puts forward some corresponding countermeasures,including establishing an effective information communication mechanism,perfecting the risk assessment system,and strengthening the construction of the professional talent team.

Identification and Characterization of Peptide Mimics of Blood Group A Antigen

In order to investigate peptide mimics of carbohydrate blood group A antigen, a phage display 12-mer peptide library was screened with a monoclonal antibody against blood group A antigen, NaM87-1F6. The antibody-binding properties of the selected phage peptides were evaluated by phage ELISA and phage capture assay. The peptides were co-expressed as glutathione S-transferase （GST） fusion proteins. RBC agglutination inhibition assay was performed to assess the natural blood group A antigen-mimicking ability of the fusion proteins. The results showed that seven phage clones selected bound to NaM87-1F6 specifically, among which, 6 clones bore the same peptide sequence, EYWYCGMNRTGC and another harbored a different one QIWYERTLPFTF. The two peptides were successfully expressed at the N terminal of GST protein. Both of the fusion proteins inhibited the RBC agglutination mediated by anti-A serum in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggested that the fusion proteins based on the selected peptides could mimic the blood group A antigen and might be used as anti-A antibody-adsorbing materials when immunoabsorption was applied in ABO incompatible transplantation.

Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of Group A Streptococci Isolated from Children in Chaoyang District of Beijing, 2011:emm Types, Virulence Factor Genes and Erythromycin Resistant Genes

Group A streptococcus （GAS） causes a wide range of diseases in the human population. GAS diseases are more common in children than in adults, with clinical manifestations ranging from pharyngitis and impetigo to invasive infections and post streptococcal sequelae, such as acute rheumatic fever and acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis[1]. GAS harbors a host of virulence factors that contribute to its complex pathogenicity and differences in the disease severity and frequency. M protein, one of the major virulence factors, is encoded by the emm gene induces a type of specific host immune response and confers antiphagocytic properties.

MULTIPLICATIVE GROUP AUTOMORPHISMS OF INVERTIBLE UPPER TRIANGULAR MATRICES OVER FIELDS

Suppose F is a field of characteristic not 2 and F* its multiplicative group. Let T*n(F) be the multiplicative group of invertible upper triangular n x n matrices over F and STn(F) its subgroup {(aij) E T*n(F)aii = 1, i}. This paper proves that f: T*n(F) → T*n(F) is a group automorphism if and only if there exist a matrix Q in T*n(F) and a field automorphism rs of F such that either where A = ((aij)), A-T is the transpose inverse of A, J = Ei n+1-i, and : i= 1T*n(F) → F* is a homomorphism which satisfies {(xIn)(x)x F*} = F* and {x F*(xIn)(x) = 1} = {1}. Simultaneously, they also determine the automorphisms of STn(F).

Norovirus Infection and Histo-blood Group Antigens in Children Hospitalized with Diarrhea in Lulong and Chenzhou in China

Norovirus （NOV） is a pathogen that commonly causes viral diarrhea in children. Studies indicate that NoV recognizes human histo-blood group antigens （HBGAs） as cell attachment factors. In order to explore the correlation between of NoV infection and HBGAs, a cross-sectional study was conducted in children less than five years old who were hospitalized with diarrhea in two areas of China between November 2014 and February 2015. Of the paired stool and saliva samples taken from 424 children,

New modular platform based on multi-adjuvanted amphiphilic chitosan nanoparticles for efficient lipopeptide vaccine delivery against group A streptococcus

An effective vaccine against group A streptococcus(GAS)is highly desirable for definitive control of GAS infections.In the present study,two variants of amphiphilic chitosan nanoparticles-based GAS vaccines were developed.The vaccines were primarily composed of encapsulated KLH protein(a source of T helper cell epitopes)and lipidated M-protein derived B cell peptide epitope(lipoJ14)within the amphiphilic structure of nanoparticles.The only difference between themwas one of the nanoparticles vaccines received additional surface coating with poly(I:C).The formulated vaccines exhibited nanosized particles within the range of 220–240 nm.Cellular uptake study showed that nanoparticles vaccine without additional poly(I:C)coating has greater uptake by dendritic cells and macrophages compared to nanoparticles vaccine that was functionalized with poly(I:C).Both vaccines were found to be safe in mice and showed negligible cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells.Upon immunization in mice,both nanoparticle vaccines produced high antigen-specific antibodies titres that were regulated by a balanced Th1 and Th2 response compared to physical mixture.These antibodies elicited high opsonic activity against the tested GAS strains.Overall,our data demonstrated that amphiphilic chitosan nanoparticles platform induced a potent immune response even without additional inclusion of poly(I:C).

The efficacy of the inhalation of an aerosolized Group A streptococcal preparation in the treatment of lung cancer

Objective： To observe the efficacy of the inhalation of an aerosonzeo group ~ sueloto^u v / preparation in treating orthotopic lung cancer in mouse models and assess the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of this administration mode for lung cancer. Methods： Lewis lung carcinoma （LLC） cell strains were administered via intrathoracic injection to establish orthotopic lung cancer mouse models. After the tumor-bearing models were successfully established, as confirmed by computed tomography, the mice were administered by inhalation with an aerosolized GAS preparation （GAS group） or aerosolized normal saline （control group）. The anti-tumor effect of the aerosolized GAS preparation was evaluated histologically; meanwhile, the survival and quality of life were compared between these two groups. Results： The aerosolized GAS preparation showed remarkably anti-tumor effect, causing the necrosis of the orthotopic lung cancer cells in tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, mice in the GAS group had significantly better qualitT of life and longer survival than those in control group. Conclusions： The inhalation of aerosolized GAS preparation may be a feasible, safe and effective solution for lung cancer

Group A streptococcal antigen exposed rat model to investigate neurobehavioral and cardiac complications associated with post-streptococcal autoimmune sequelae

Background:The neuropsychiatric disorders due to post-streptococcal autoimmune complications such as Sydenham's chorea(SC)are associated with acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease(ARF/RHD).An animal model that exhibits char-acteristics of both cardiac and neurobehavioral defects in ARF/RHD would be an important adjunct for future studies.Since age,gender,strain differences,and geno-types impact on the development of autoimmunity,we investigated the behavior of male and female Wistar and Lewis rat strains in two age cohorts(6 weeks and 12 weeks)under normal husbandry conditions and following exposure to group A streptococcus(GAS).Methods:Standard behavioral assessments were performed to determine the impair-ments in fine motor control(food manipulation test),gait and balance(beam walk-ing test),and obsessive-compulsive behavior(grooming and marble burying tests).Furthermore,electrocardiography,histology,and behavioral assessments were per-formed on male and female Lewis rats injected with GAS antigens.Results:For control Lewis rats there were no significant age and gender dependent differences in marble burying,food manipulation,beam walking and grooming be-haviors.In contrast significant age-dependent differences were observed in Wistar rats in all the behavioral tests except for food manipulation.Therefore,Lewis rats were selected for further experiments to determine the effect of GAS.After ex-posure to GAS,Lewis rats demonstrated neurobehavioral abnormalities and cardiac pathology akin to SC and ARF/RHD,respectively.Conclusion:We have characterised a new model that provides longitudinal stability of age-dependent behavior,to simultaneously investigate both neurobehavioral and cardiac abnormalities associated with post-streptococcal complications.

FUNDAMENTAL GROUPS OF CLOSED POSITIVELY CURVED MANIFOLDS WITH ALMOST DISCRETE ABELIAN GROUP ACTIONS

Let M be a closed n-manifold of positive sectional curvature. Assume that M admits an effective isometrical T1× Zpk-action with p prime. The main result of the article n＋1 for n 〉 5, then there exists a positive constant p（n）, is that ifk=lforn=3or k〉 n＋1/4 for n≥5,then there exists a positive constant p（n）,depending only on n, such that π1 （M） is cyclic if p ≥ p（n）.

On the Structure of the Units of Group Algebra of Dihedral Group

In this paper, we completely determine the structure of the unit group of the group algebra of some dihedral groups D2 n over the finite field Fpk, where p is a prime.

CHAOTIC GROUP ACTIONS

It is proved that there is no chaotic group actions on any topological space with free arc.In this paper the chaotic actions of the group like G×F ,where F is a finite group,are studied.In particular,under a suitable assumption,if F is a cyclic group,then the topological space which admits a chaotic action of Z×F must admit a chaotic homeomorphism.A topological space which admits a chaotic group action but admits no chaotic homeomorphism is constructed.

LOCAL AUTOMORPHISMS OF SEMISIMPLE ALGEBRAS AND GROUP ALGEBRAS

Let F be a field of characteristic not 2, and let A be a finite-dimensional semisimple F -algebra. All local automorphisms of A are characterized when all the degrees of A are larger than 1. If F is further assumed to be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, K a finite group, F K the group algebra of K over F , then all local automorphisms of F K are also characterized.

A Dynamic Active Multicast Group Access Control Framework Based on Trust Management System

The current multicast model provides no access control mechanism. Any host can send data directly to a multicast address or join a multicast group to become a member, which brings safety problems to multicast. In this paper, we present a new active multicast group access control mechanism that is founded on trust management. This structure can solve the problem that exists in multicast members＇ access control and distributing authorization of traditional IP multicast.

THE SYSTEMS WITH ALMOST BANACH-MEAN EQUICONTINUITY FOR ABELIAN GROUP ACTIONS

In this paper,we present the concept of Banach-mean equicontinuity and prove that the Banach-,Weyl-and Besicovitch-mean equicontinuities of a dynamic system of Abelian group action are equivalent.Furthermore,we obtain that the topological entropy of a transitive,almost Banach-mean equicontinuous dynamical system of Abelian group action is zero.As an application of our main result,we show that the topological entropy of the Banach-mean equicontinuous system under the action of an Abelian groups is zero.

Lie group analysis for the effect of temperature-dependent fluid viscosity and thermophoresis particle deposition on free convective heat and mass transfer under variable stream conditions

This paper examines a steady two-dimensional flow of incompressible fluid over a vertical stretching sheet. The fluid viscosity is assumed to vary as a linear function of temperature. A scaling group of transformations is applied to the governing equa- tions. The system remains invariant due to some relations among the transformation parameters. After finding three absolute invariants, a third-order ordinary differential equation corresponding to the momentum equation and two second-order ordinary differential equations corresponding to energy and diffusion equations are derived. The equations along with the boundary conditions are solved numerically. It is found that the decrease in the temperature-dependent fluid viscosity makes the velocity decrease with the increasing distance of the stretching sheet. At a particular point of the sheet, the fluid velocity decreases but the temperature increases with the decreasing viscosity. The impact of the thermophoresis particle deposition plays an important role in the concentration boundary layer. The obtained results are presented graphically and discussed.

WAVELET TRANSFORM ASSOCIATED TO THE AFFINE GROUP AGS,

This paper considers wavelet transforms associated to the affine group, which is more general than the paper given by R. Murenzi, and it seems more important in mathematical theory and more natural to be used to analyze signals in more than 1-dimension.

Lie group analysis, numerical and non-traveling wave solutions for the (2+1)-dimensional diffusion–advection equation with variable coefficients

In this paper, the variable-coefficient diffusion-advection （DA） equation, which arises in modeling various physical phenomena, is studied by the Lie symmetry approach. The similarity reductions are derived by determining the complete sets of point symmetries of this equation, and then exact and numerical solutions are reported for the reduced second-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Further, an extended （Gl/G）-expansion method is applied to the DA equation to construct some new non-traveling wave solutions.