Multi-objective Optimization of Multi-Agent Elevator Group Control System Based on Real-time Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

In order to get a globally optimized solution for the Elevator Group Control System (EGCS) scheduling problem, an algorithm with an overall optimization function is needed. In this study, Real-time Particle Swarm Optimization (RPSO) is proposed to find an optimal solution to the EGCS scheduling problem. Different traffic patterns and controller mechanisms for EGCS are analyzed. This study focuses on up-peak traffic because of its critical importance to modern office buildings. Simulation results show that EGCS based on Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) using RPSO gives good results for up-peak EGCS scheduling problem. Besides, the elevator real-time scheduling and reallocation functions are realized based on RPSO in case new information is available or the elevator becomes busy because it is unavailable or full. This study contributes a new scheduling algorithm for EGCS, and expands the application of PSO.

Group control for procedural rules:parameterized complexity and consecutive domains

We consider GROUP CONTROL BY ADDING INDIVIDUALS(GCAI)in the setting of group identification for two procedural rules-the consensus-start-respecting rule and the liberal-start-respecting rule.It is known that GCAI for both rules are NP-hard,but whether they are fixed-parameter tractable with respect to the number of distinguished individuals remained open.We resolve both open problems in the affirmative.In addition,we strengthen the NP-hardness of GCAI by showing that,with respect to the natural parameter the number of added individuals,GCAI for both rules are W[2]-hard.Notably,the W[2]-hardness for the liberal-startrespecting rule holds even when restricted to a very special case where the qualifications of individuals satisfy the so-called consecutive ones property.However,for the consensus-startrespecting rule,the problem becomes polynomial-time solvable in this special case.We also study a dual restriction where the disqualifications of individuals fulfill the consecutive ones property,and show that under this restriction GCAI for both rules turn out to be polynomial-time solvable.Our reductions for showing W[2]-hardness also imply several algorithmic lowerbounds.

Elevator Group-Control Policy Based on Neural Network Optimized by Genetic Algorithm

Aiming at the diversity and nonlinearity of the elevator system control target, an effective group method based on a hybrid algorithm of genetic algorithm and neural network is presented in this paper. The genetic algorithm is used to search the weight of the neural network. At the same time, the multi-objective-based evaluation function is adopted, in which there are three main indicators including the passenger waiting time, car passengers number and the number of stops. Different weights are given to meet the actual needs. The optimal values of the evaluation function are obtained, and the optimal dispatch control of the elevator group control system based on neural network is realized. By analyzing the running of the elevator group control system, all the processes and steps are presented. The validity of the hybrid algorithm is verified by the dynamic imitation performance.

Optimization of group control strategy and analysis of energy saving in refrigeration plant

This study proposes a group control system optimization strategy coupled with a refrigeration plant model for a primary pump variable flow system,in order to improve the automation level of the refrigeration plant and maximize the energy saving potential.First,the control variables,optimization objectives,and operational con-straints of the entire system were analyzed.Then,by collecting the operational data for each component and combining these data with theoretical analysis,the sub models were designed and the input parameters,output parameters,and optimization variables of each sub-model were defined.Next,the sub-models were coupled and the control variables of the operational combination,leading to the lowest overall system energy consumption,were obtained using a particle swarm optimization algorithm.Finally,considering a medical building in North China as an example,the application effectiveness of the optimal control strategy of the refrigeration plant was analyzed.The results showed that the energy-savings of the group control system after the optimization of the re-frigerator,chilled water pump,cooling water pump,and cooling tower could reach 9.42,8.04,5.67,and 14.64%,respectively.This is a remarkable energy-savings benefit.The research described in this study also provides some reference for the design of group control systems in refrigeration plants.

GROUP VELOCITY CONTROL SCHEME WITH LOW DISSIPATION

In order to prevent smearing the discontinuity, a modified term is added to the third order Upwind Compact Difference scheme to lower the dissipation error. Moreover, the dispersion error is controled to hold back the non physical oscillation by means of the group velocity control. The scheme is used to simulate the interactions of shock density stratified interface and the disturbed interface developing to vortex rollers. Numerical results are satisfactory.

A Dynamic Active Multicast Group Access Control Framework Based on Trust Management System

The current multicast model provides no access control mechanism. Any host can send data directly to a multicast address or join a multicast group to become a member, which brings safety problems to multicast. In this paper, we present a new active multicast group access control mechanism that is founded on trust management. This structure can solve the problem that exists in multicast members＇ access control and distributing authorization of traditional IP multicast.

QoE Assessment of Group Synchronization Control Scheme with Prediction in Work Using Haptic Media

This paper proposes a group synchronization control scheme with prediction in work using haptic media. The scheme adjusts the output timing among multiple terminals and keeps the interactivity high. It outputs position information by predicting the future position later than the position included in the last-received information by a fixed amount of time. It also advances the output time of position information at each local terminal by the same amount of time. We deal with two different types of work using haptic media so as to demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme. We assess the output quality of haptic media for the two types of work subjectively and objectively by Quality of Experience (QoE) assessment. We further clarify the relationship between subjective and objective assessment results.

Group Hybrid Coordination Control of Multi-Agent Systems With Time-Delays and Additive Noises

A new kind of group coordination control problemgroup hybrid coordination control is investigated in this paper.The group hybrid coordination control means that in a whole multi-agent system(MAS)that consists of two subgroups with communications between them,agents in the two subgroups achieve consensus and containment,respectively.For MASs with both time-delays and additive noises,two group control protocols are proposed to solve this problem for the containment-oriented case and consensus-oriented case,respectively.By developing a new analysis idea,some sufficient conditions and necessary conditions related to the communication intensity betw een the two subgroups are obtained for the following two types of group hybrid coordination behavior:1)Agents in one subgroup and in another subgroup achieve weak consensus and containment,respectively;2)Agents in one subgroup and in another subgroup achieve strong consensus and containment,respectively.It is revealed that the decay of the communication impact betw een the two subgroups is necessary for the consensus-oriented case.Finally,the validity of the group control results is verified by several simulation examples.

Controllability of heterogeneous interdependent group systems under undirected and directed topology

The controllability problem of heterogeneous interdependent group systems with undirected and directed topology is investigated in this paper. First, the interdependent model of the heterogeneous system is set up according to the difference of individual characteristics. An extended distributed protocol with the external sliding-mode control is designed, under which it is shown that a heterogeneous interdependent group system is controllable when the corresponding communication topology is controllable. Then, using the network eigenvalue method, the driving individuals are determined for a heterogeneous system with undirected topology. Under directed topology, the maximum match method is utilized to confirm the driving individuals. Some sufficient and necessary conditions are presented to assure that the heterogeneous interdependent group system is structurally controllable. Via theoretical analysis, the controllability of heterogeneous interdependent systems is related to the interdependent manner and the structure of the heterogeneous system. Numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.

Origin and controlling factors of chlorite coatings—an example from the reservoir of T_3x Group of the Baojie area,Sichuan Basin,China

The study of the chlorite coatings always attracts scholars in China and other countries because the chlorite coatings play an important role in the preservation of residual primary pores in sandstone reservoirs.At present,the study of the origin and the controlling factors is relatively few.The occurrence,time of formation,genesis,controlling factors,and the mechanism of chlorite coatings inhibiting quartz overgrowths were studied in detail with thin section and SEM analysis.Samples were from the sandstone reservoirs of the T3x Group in the Baojie area,the transitional zone from the middle to the south of Sichuan Basin.The results indicate that the chlorite coatings on the walls of the pore spaces are oriented perpendicular to grain surfaces in the form of isopachous(even-thickness) grain-coating,while the chlorite coatings at the contacts between adjacent detrital grains are arranged with a preferred orientation tangential to the surface of detrital grains.The chlorite coatings were formed in the eogenetic stage.They were formed by recrystallization of Fe-rich clay films during the syndepositional period,and chlorite cements would be recrystallized after the coatings’ formation.The formation of chlorite coatings was mainly controlled by the depositional environment,provenance conditions,and diagenetic environment.The presence of chlorite coatings could result in the preservation of primary pores in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs by effectively inhibiting quartz overgrowths and the development of compaction and pressure solution.

Some Group Runs Based Multivariate Control Charts for Monitoring the Process Mean Vector

In this article, we propose two control charts namely, the “Multivariate Group Runs’ (MV-GR-M)” and the “Multivariate Modified Group Runs’ (MV-MGR-M)” control charts, based on the multivariate normal processes, for monitoring the process mean vector. Methods to obtain the design parameters and operations of these control charts are discussed. Performances of the proposed charts are compared with some existing control charts. It is verified that, the proposed charts give a significant reduction in the out-of-control “Average Time to Signal” (ATS) in the zero state, as well in the steady state compared to the Hotelling’s T2 and the synthetic T2 control charts.

THE CONTROL OF POLYMETHACRYLATE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE BY GROUP TRANSFER POLYMERIZATION

INTRODUCTION Group transfer polymerization (GTP) is a method for controlling the structure of acrylic polymers in which reactive chain ends are covalentiy bound to a trimethylsilyl group. In the presence of a catalyst, monomer inserts into these chain ends between the silyl group and the last monomer unit. The process is illustrated by equation (1) for methyl methacrylate. GTP is a living polymerization, i. e., there is little or no chain termination and no chain transfer. A significant advantage of GTP is that it

Analysis of the Effect of Subgroup Size on the X-Bar Control Chart Using Forensic Science Laboratory Sample Influx Data

This paper analyzes the effect of subgroup size on the x-bar chart characteristics using sample influx (SIF) into forensic science laboratory (FSL). The characteristics studied include changes in out-or-control points (OCP), upper control limit UCLx, and zonal demarcations. Multi-rules were used to identify the number of out-of-control-points, Nocp as violations using five control chart rules applied separately. A sensitivity analysis on the Nocp was applied for subgroup size, k, and number of sigma above the mean value to determine the upper control limit, UCLx. A computer code was implemented using a FORTRAN code to create x-bar control-charts and capture OCP and other control-chart characteristics with increasing k from 2 to 25. For each value of k, a complete series of average values, Q(p), of specific length, Nsg, was created from which statistical analysis was conducted and compared to the original SIF data, S(t). The variation of number of out-of-control points or violations, Nocp, for different control-charts rules with increasing k was determined to follow a decaying exponential function, Nocp = Ae–α, for which, the goodness of fit was established, and the R2 value approached unity for Rule #4 and #5 only. The goodness of fit was established to be the new criteria for rational subgroup-size range, for Rules #5 and #4 only, which involve a count of 6 consecutive points decreasing and 8 consecutive points above the selected control limit (σ/3 above the grand mean), respectively. Using this criterion, the rational subgroup range was established to be 4 ≤ k ≤ 20 for the two x-bar control chart rules.

Bone Marrow Transplant Long-Term Survivors’ Satisfaction with Quality of Life: Comparison with a Control Group

Purpose: To evaluate the global quality of life (QoL) of survivors with 10-year or more post-transplant, and to identify risk factors that interfere with well-being. Methods: This is a prospective analytic transversal study with 214 survivors of Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) and 264 healthy people identified among blood donors, treated as the control group, of both sexes, 18 years or older. The protocol includes a demographic-socioeconomic questionnaire, World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) and the Karnofsky Performance Status Scale. Results: 53.7% of the survivor group members are satisfied with their QoL. A similar result can be found in the control group (54.2%). Chronological maturity, anxiety, sexual difficulty, and being a provider are factors that interfere negatively in the QoL of male survivors. In female survivors, the risk factors are anxiety, low educational level, not having a stable partner, being a provider, and not being Caucasian. Conclusions: Survivors are as satisfied with their QoL as the control group. QoL is understood as a perceptive process composed of objective (functional and relational capacity) and subjective phenomenon (perceptive composition).

Consensus intuitionistic fuzzy group decision-making method for aircraft cockpit display and control system evaluation

A novel group decision-making （GDM） method based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets （IFSs） is developed to evaluate the ergonomics of aircraft cockpit display and control system （ACDCS）. The GDM process with four steps is discussed. Firstly, approaches are proposed to transform four types of common judgement representations into a unified expression by the form of the IFS, and the features of unifications are analyzed. Then, the aggregation operator called the IFSs weighted averaging （IFSWA） operator is taken to synthesize decision-makers’ （DMs’） preferences by the form of the IFS. In this operator, the DM’s reliability weights factors are determined based on the distance measure between their preferences. Finally, an improved score function is used to rank alternatives and to get the best one. An illustrative example proves the proposed method is effective to valuate the ergonomics of the ACDCS.

New three-dimensional guidance law for BTT missiles based on differential geometry and Lie-group

A new non-decoupling three-dimensional guidance law is proposed for bank-to-turn （BTT） missiles with the motion coupling problem. In this method, the different geometry is taken for theoretically modeling on B-IT missiles＇ motion within the threedimensional style without information loss, and meanwhile, Liegroup is utilized to describe the line-of-sight （LOS） azimuth when the terminal angular constraints are considered. Under these cir- cumstances, a guidance kinematics model is established based on differential geometry. Then, corresponding to no terminal angular constraint and terminal angular constraints, guidance laws are re- spectively designed by using proportional control and generalized proportional-derivative （PD） control in SO（3） group. Eventually, simulation results validate that this developed method can effectively avoid the complexity of pure Lie-group method and the information loss of the traditional decoupling method as well.

基于ControlLogix控制器的双电梯调度控制系统设计

针对双电梯系统的调度问题,设计并实现了一种双电梯调度控制系统。采用罗克韦尔自动化公司的ControlLogix系列可编程逻辑控制器以及PowerFlex40变频器,通过模糊控制方式实现基于呼梯信号优先度的电梯控制方法,利用FuzzyLogix toolbox开发了一套基于交流变频调速和可编程逻辑控制器的双电梯并联调度系统。仿真结果表明,该调度系统达到了距离较近先响应、长时等待先响应的要求。该应用考虑了人性化和实用化等因素,满足了设计使用需求。

A Novel Sliding-mode Guidance Law Based on Lie-group Method

Although the channel-decoupling assumption is often used in design of three-dimensional guidance laws, it loses its rationality for aircrafts with strong kinematics coupling because body rotation arises. To overcome this trouble, a novel guiding method was proposed based on Lie-group. After a model of 3D guidance is formulated using vectors, the precision guidance with ending angular constraints can be transformed into a problem involving the relation between directional angles and rotational angular velocities of certain vectors. When the guidance model is imposed a SO(3)-based description, a novel 3D sliding mode guidance law with ending angular constraints can be developed via Lie-group control method and variable structure control theory. Finally, the feasibility and performance of the guidance law were shown by simulating the examples.