用于学习和解释行人预期行为的群体交互场

Anticipating others’actions is innate and essential in order for humans to navigate and interact well with others in dense crowds.This ability is urgently required for unmanned systems such as service robots and self-driving cars.However,existing solutions struggle to predict pedestrian anticipation accurately,because the influence of group-related social behaviors has not been well considered.While group relationships and group interactions are ubiquitous and significantly influence pedestrian anticipation,their influence is diverse and subtle,making it difficult to explicitly quantify.Here,we propose the group interaction field(GIF),a novel group-aware representation that quantifies pedestrian anticipation into a probability field of pedestrians’future locations and attention orientations.An end-to-end neural network,GIFNet,is tailored to estimate the GIF from explicit multidimensional observations.GIFNet quantifies the influence of group behaviors by formulating a group interaction graph with propagation and graph attention that is adaptive to the group size and dynamic interaction states.The experimental results show that the GIF effectively represents the change in pedestrians’anticipation under the prominent impact of group behaviors and accurately predicts pedestrians’future states.Moreover,the GIF contributes to explaining various predictions of pedestrians’behavior in different social states.The proposed GIF will eventually be able to allow unmanned systems to work in a human-like manner and comply with social norms,thereby promoting harmonious human-machine relationships.

A Survey on Students＇ Group Discussion in Conversation Class

This article makes an investigation of 114 English majors＇ level of a particular communicative performance and the general ability to perform in small-group conversations in their conversation class, and thereafter explores the reasons for their current level with the aid of questionnaire based on a rating scale, together with observation and interviews. Some countermeasures are provided to call for teachers＇ attention in their teaching practice.

Improving prediction of vapor-liquid equilibrium with modified HVOS-PR-UNIFAC model by revision of group interaction parameters

Quantitative description of vapor-liquid equilibrium is very useful for designing separation processes. In this study, we combined the Peng-Robinson equation and the Huron-Vidal-Orbey-Sandler mixing rule into a modified UNIFAC model for the improvement of predicting vapor-liquid equilibria. The predictions of vapor-liquid equilibria for 62 systems including alcohol- alkane, alcohol-benzene, and amine-water systems demonstrate that the revised parameters remarkably improve the prediction accuracy for many systems. Especially for amine-water system, the mean deviation of components decreases from 0.094 to 0.021, and the mean deviation of pressure from 22.45% to 4.41%.

On improving students＇ communicative competence by group interaction

In foreign language teaching, the communicative approach has been a dominant method for decades. However, some misconceptions of the communicative approach affect the results of group interaction teaching. This article tries to explore some existing problems as well as some relevant solution in the application of group activities in colleges with the aid of observation, questionnaire and interview.

A sample of galaxy pairs identified from the LAMOST spectral survey and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

A small fraction （〈 10%） of the SDSS main galaxy （MG） sample has not been targeted with spectroscopy due to the effect of fiber collisions. These galaxies have been compiled into the input catalog of the LAMOST ExtraGAlactic Surveys and named the complementary galaxy sample. In this paper, we introduce this project and status of the spectroscopies associated with the complementary galaxies in the first two years of the LAMOST spectral survey （till Sep. of 2014）. Moreover, we present a sample of 1102 galaxy pairs identified from the LAMOST complementary galaxies and SDSS MGs, which are defined as two members that have a projected distance smaller than 100 h^-01kpc and a recessional velocity difference smaller than 500 km s-1. Compared with galaxy pairs that are only selected from SDSS, the LAMOST- SDSS pairs have the advantages of not being biased toward large separations and therefore act as a useful supplement in statistical studies of galaxy interaction and galaxy merging.

An isolated compact galaxy triplet

We report the discovery of an isolated compact galaxy triplet SDSS J084843.45＋164417.3, which is first detected by the LAMOST spectral survey and then confirmed by a spectroscopic observation of the BFOSC mounted on the 2.16 meter telescope located at Xinglong Station, which is administered by National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is found that this triplet is an iso- lated and extremely compact system, which has an aligned configuration and very small radial velocity dispersion. The member galaxies have similar colors and show marginal star formation activities. These results support the opinion that the compact triplets are well-evolved systems rather than hierarchically forming structures. This serendipitous discovery reveals the limitations of fiber spectral redshift surveys in studying such a compact system, and demonstrates the necessity of additional observations to complete the current redshift sample.

Towards Interaction,Communication and Integration of Ethnic Groups with Commonality:A Comparison of Inner Mongolia,Guangxi and Ningxia Autonomous Region

One crucial measure of strengthening and advancing the Party's work on ethnic affairs in the new era is to promote interaction,communication and integration of various ethnic groups,so as to enhance commonality.Entering the new era,Inner Mongolia,Guangxi and Ningxia have achieved remarkable results in encouraging interaction,communication and integration of various ethnic groups.By comparatively analyzing successes of the three autonomous regions through the perspective of promoting commonality,this article summarizes the following strategic revelations:1)we should comprehensively implement the Party's ethnic policies and ensure theactual implementation of mutual interaction,mutual communication and mutual integration of ethnic groups;2)we should proactively promote the substantial progress of the economy,so as to provide solid material foundation for mutual interaction,mutual communication and mutual integration of ethnic groups;3)we should facilitate activities that promote ethnic unity and progress,so that the promotion of interaction,communication and mutual integration of ethnic groups can be seen,be felt and gain actual outcomes;4)we should take measures that suit to local conditions and explore all-round embedding mechanisms in order to foster the ethos for mutual interaction,mutual communication and mutual integration of ethnic groups;5)we should make every effort to forge a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and orient precisely to the cause of encouraging mutual interaction,mutual communication and mutual integration of ethnic groups.

Efects of amine, amine salt and amide on the behaviour of carbon dioxide absorption into calcium hydroxide suspension to precipitate calcium carbonate

The amount of carbon dioxide （CO2） absorption and calcium ion （Ca^2＋） concentration besides the pH of aqueous solution were observed during the COz absorption to precipitate calcium carbonate （CaCO3） from calcium hydroxide （Ca（OH）2）. A reaction rate-limiting effect of an amount of CO2 absorption without any organic additives in the early stage of the precipitation was observed, which was attributed to an interruption effect of bicarbonate ion （HCO3） on the precipitation of CaCO3. The improvement for the reaction rate was achieved not only by amine additives but also by neutral additives such as ε-caprolactam or amine salt. When the hexamethylene diamine was dissolved in the solution, successive change of crystal forms of CaCO3 aragonite to calcite in aqueous suspensions, confirmed by Ca^2＋ concentration change and X-ray diffraction, was concluded that a local environment around the amine group in aqueous solution and an interaction of the diamine with precipitated CaCO3 particles were important factors for these reactions.

Transfer of electrons on scratched iron surfaces:Photoelectron emission and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies

We report the activation energy, ΔEa, for the quantum yield in thermally assisted photoelectron emission(TAPE) under 210-nm-wavelength light irradiation, and the associated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) results. Samples were cleaned only in acetone and scratched in air, water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, benzene, and cyclohexane. Glow curves, describing the temperature dependence of photoelectron emission(PE) quantum yield(emitted electrons/photon), Y, were obtained. A simple method of determining ΔEa using Y, called YGC, at seven temperatures up to 353 °C, for the same Y glow curve, was proposed. The ΔEa obtained using this method was almost the same as that obtained from Y for seven stationary temperatures(YST). For scratched samples, the TAPE was measured over two cycles of temperature increase and subsequent decrease(Up1, Down1 and Up2, Down2 scans) in the 25–339 °C range, and ΔE_a was obtained from YGC. The Arrhenius plot was approximated by a straight line, although a convex swelling peak appeared in the Up1 scan. ΔE_(aUp1) was in the 0.212–0.035 eV range, depending on the environment in which scratching was performed; ΔE_(aUp1) for water was much higher than that for acetone. This was explained in terms of the mode of the acid–base interaction between the liquid molecules and the hydroxyl group of Fe–OH. The values of ΔE_(aDown1), ΔEa Up2, and ΔE_(aDown2) were in the 0.038–0.012 eV range. The total count of electrons emitted during the Up1 and Up2 scans was found to decrease with increasing ΔE_(aUp1) and ΔE_(aUp2), respectively. ΔE_(aUp2) was found to increase with increasing presence of the FeO component in the analyzed Fe oxides. The convex swelling peak was attributed to the removal of carbon materials from the scratched surface and the effect of the increased electron density of the surface hydroxyl group of FeOH under the light irradiation.

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Density functional theory (DFT) method has been employed to study the effect of nitroamino group as a substituent in cyclopentane and cyclohexane, which usually construct the polycyclic or caged nitra-mines. Molecular structures were investigated at the B3LYP/6-31G** level, and isodesmic reactions were designed for calculating the group interactions. The results show that the group interactions ac-cord with the group additivity, increasing with the increasing number of nitroamino groups. The dis-tance between substituents influences the interactions. Detonation performances were evaluated by the Kamlet-Jacobs equations based on the predicted densities and heats of formation, while thermal stability and pyrolysis mechanism were studied by the computations of bond dissociation energy (BDE). It is found that the contributions of nitroamino groups to the detonation heat, detonation velocity, detonation pressure, and stability all deviate from the group additivity. Only 3a, 3b, and 9a-9c may be novel potential candidates of high energy density materials (HEDMs) according to the quantitative cri-teria of HEDM (ρ ≈ 1.9 g/cm3, D ≈ 9.0 km/s, P ≈ 40.0 GPa). Stability decreases with the increasing number of N-NO2 groups, and homolysis of N-NO2 bond is the initial step in the thermolysis of the title com-pounds. Coupled with the demand of thermal stability (BDE > 20 kcal/mol), only 1,2,4-trinitrotriazacy-clohexane and 1,2,4,5-tetranitrotetraazacyclohexane are suggested as feasible energetic materials. These results may provide basic information for the molecular design of HEDMs.