The triple-negative subtype of breast cancer(TNBC)has the bleakest prognosis,owing to its lack of either hormone receptor as well as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2.Henceforth,immunotherapy has emerged as the...The triple-negative subtype of breast cancer(TNBC)has the bleakest prognosis,owing to its lack of either hormone receptor as well as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2.Henceforth,immunotherapy has emerged as the front-runner for TNBC treatment,which avoids potentially damaging chemotherapeutics.However,despite its documented association with aggressive side effects and developed resistance,immune checkpoint blockade continues to dominate the TNBC immunotherapy scene.These immune checkpoint blockade drawbacks necessitate the exploration of other immunotherapeutic methods that would expand options for TNBC patients.One such method is the exploitation and recruitment of natural killer cells,which by harnessing the innate rather than adaptive immune system could potentially circumvent the downsides of immune checkpoint blockade.In this review,the authors will elucidate the advantageousness of natural killer cell-based immuno-oncology in TNBC as well as demonstrate the need to more extensively research such therapies in the future.展开更多
A magnetic impurity embedded in a Fermi sea is collectively screened by a cloud of conduction electrons to form a Kondo singlet below a characteristic energy scale TK,the Kondo temperature,through the mechanism of the...A magnetic impurity embedded in a Fermi sea is collectively screened by a cloud of conduction electrons to form a Kondo singlet below a characteristic energy scale TK,the Kondo temperature,through the mechanism of the Kondo effect.We have reinvestigated the Kondo singlet by means of the newly developed natural orbitals renormalization group(NORG)method.We find that,in the framework of natural orbitals formalism,the Kondo screening mechanism becomes transparent and simple,while the intrinsic structure of a Kondo singlet is clearly resolved.For a single impurity Kondo system in whichever case of either finite size or thermodynamic limit,there exists a single active natural orbital that screens the magnetic impurity dominantly.In the perspective of entanglement,the magnetic impurity is entangled dominantly with the active natural orbital,i.e.,the subsystem formed by the active natural orbital and the magnetic impurity basically disentangles from the remaining system.We have also studied the structures of the active natural orbital respectively projected into real space and momentum space.Moreover,the dynamical properties,represented by one-particle Green’s functions defined at the active natural orbital,are obtained by the correction vector method.Meanwhile,the well-known Kondo resonance is clearly observed in the spectral function at the active natural orbital.To realize the thermodynamic limit,the Wilson chains with the numerical renormalization group approach are employed.展开更多
文摘The triple-negative subtype of breast cancer(TNBC)has the bleakest prognosis,owing to its lack of either hormone receptor as well as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2.Henceforth,immunotherapy has emerged as the front-runner for TNBC treatment,which avoids potentially damaging chemotherapeutics.However,despite its documented association with aggressive side effects and developed resistance,immune checkpoint blockade continues to dominate the TNBC immunotherapy scene.These immune checkpoint blockade drawbacks necessitate the exploration of other immunotherapeutic methods that would expand options for TNBC patients.One such method is the exploitation and recruitment of natural killer cells,which by harnessing the innate rather than adaptive immune system could potentially circumvent the downsides of immune checkpoint blockade.In this review,the authors will elucidate the advantageousness of natural killer cell-based immuno-oncology in TNBC as well as demonstrate the need to more extensively research such therapies in the future.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11874421,and 11774422)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Research Funds of Renmin University of China(Grant No.18XNLG11)。
文摘A magnetic impurity embedded in a Fermi sea is collectively screened by a cloud of conduction electrons to form a Kondo singlet below a characteristic energy scale TK,the Kondo temperature,through the mechanism of the Kondo effect.We have reinvestigated the Kondo singlet by means of the newly developed natural orbitals renormalization group(NORG)method.We find that,in the framework of natural orbitals formalism,the Kondo screening mechanism becomes transparent and simple,while the intrinsic structure of a Kondo singlet is clearly resolved.For a single impurity Kondo system in whichever case of either finite size or thermodynamic limit,there exists a single active natural orbital that screens the magnetic impurity dominantly.In the perspective of entanglement,the magnetic impurity is entangled dominantly with the active natural orbital,i.e.,the subsystem formed by the active natural orbital and the magnetic impurity basically disentangles from the remaining system.We have also studied the structures of the active natural orbital respectively projected into real space and momentum space.Moreover,the dynamical properties,represented by one-particle Green’s functions defined at the active natural orbital,are obtained by the correction vector method.Meanwhile,the well-known Kondo resonance is clearly observed in the spectral function at the active natural orbital.To realize the thermodynamic limit,the Wilson chains with the numerical renormalization group approach are employed.
