Blockchain Governance: The Development and Application of a Framework for Waqf Institutions

The effectiveness of waqf administration is impeded by poor management of assets,opacity,and unstandardized reporting.Blockchain is expected to solve these issues due to its ability to record and trace every transaction,allowing administrators to discharge their accountability to waqf stakeholders.While there have been numerous proposals for waqf blockchain,there is no explicit framework for the governance of blockchain in waqf institutions.We propose a governance of blockchain framework for waqf institutions based on IT governance dimensions and blockchain governance dimensions from the literature.The framework comprises three dimensions(formation and context,actors,and means of governance/decision making)that subsume eight sub-dimensions across three layers and three stages.We then apply the framework on a blockchain-based waqf organization to examine its usefulness.The framework is among the first to be designed for waqf institutions.

The Impact of Corporate Governance and Ethics on Microfinance Institutions (MFIs)—The Case for Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) in Masvingo, Zimbabwe, 2009-2019

The paper presents and examines the impact of corporate governance and ethics in particular on sustainable development of the Zimbabwean microfinance sector in the period 2009-2019.The critical microfinance institutions(MFIs)crisis experienced in Masvingo,Zimbabwe recently was not the first one in the world in terms of its severity.The main aim of MFIs in any economy is to serve the poor and vulnerable people of a society through providing them with soft or concessional loans,insurance coverage,and facilities for savings.The study used the descriptive qualitative design to draw research data from MFIs dotted in and around Masvingo Province for presentation,analysis,and interpretation.One of the major findings of the study was that corporate governance and ethics played an indispensable role in the growth and development of MFIs’products and services.The study also realized that good corporate governance and ethical behaviours in business practices were essential for the success of any organization and vice versa and MFIs were no exception.The study therefore concluded that poor capital formation,corporate governance and ethics,human recruitment and selection procedures and fraudulent activities or misappropriation of funds were responsible for the majority of threats faced by MFIs in Masvingo in their growth and development endeavours.Therefore the study recommended that directors of MFIs should craft policies and strategies that are corporate governance and ethics oriented in their desire to grow their business towards sustainable development in the foreseeable future.

The Changing Identity of China in Global Governance and International Institutions

As global issues become more prominent and complex, various actors in the international community are strengthening global governance through systems of international cooperation. Different international actors have different identities, responsibilities and roles in international institutions due to their comprehensive strengths. They are roughly divided into three types: followers, supporters and leaders. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, its process of participation in international institutions and global governance has been obviously staged.In recent years, China has actively participated in various major international activities and carried out a series of diplomatic activities at home, which further demonstrates its involvement from a single participant to both a leader and a participant. In the existing traditional, modified and innovative international institutions, China is essentially playing a dual role, namely the roles of participant and supporter, the supporter and reformer, and the supporter and leader.

On Efficiency of the Compulsive Institution in the Environment Governance

Limited by the condition of information, technology and natural elements, the compulsive institutions in the environment governance can not form a “hard constraint” to the individuals. Because of the individual's speculative behaviors, the government's deviation from its environmental governance, and the non-cooperative game between individuals and the legal organization, the implementation of the compulsive institutions is not as good as being expected. Through analyzing the mechanism of the compulsive institutions, this paper puts forward some suggestions to enhance the efficiency of such institutions' implementation.

Current Situation and Mode of Talent Training in Marine Cultural Industry Based on Collaborative Innovation of Governments,Enterprises,Colleges,Scientific Institutions and Users

Based on the present situation of talent training in marine cultural industry,the collaborative innovation mechanism of governments,enterprises,colleges,scientific institutions and users was used to construct the mode of talent training in marine cultural industry. It is needed to give full play to the active roles of governments,enterprises,colleges,scientific institutions and users in the training of marine cultural talents,develop training mode of innovative scientific and technological talents,speed up the construction of collaborative innovation ability of marine cultural talents,and improve the efficiency of talent training.

The Establishment of the Innovative and Practical Teaching Mode for Architecture Majors with the Help of “Schools-Enterprises-Governments-Research Institutions”

This paper focuses on the establishment of the teaching mode of innovative and practical architectural professionals, which is assisted by colleges and universities, enterprises, governments and research institutions. This paper believes that through the reform of the teaching mode, we can solve the problems such as the ivory-towered teaching of architecture in colleges and universities, the superficial teaching contents, inadequate teaching staff, students' poor innovation practice ability and tight professional funds. It is expected that this paper can provide assistance for architecture majors in the guidance of innovative ideas, the building of practical ability, and the establishment of knowledge system.

Choice between Ways of Talent Training in Marine Cultural Industry--Based on Collaborative Innovation of Governments, Enterprises, Colleges, Scientific Institutions and Users

Based on the present situation of talent training in marine cultural industry,the collaborative innovation mode of governments,enterprises,colleges,scientific institutions and users was used to study the ways of talent training in marine cultural industry.

Study on Talent Training Mechanisms of Marine Cultural Industry Based on Collaborative Innovation of Governments,Enterprises,Colleges,Scientific Institutions and Users

Based on the review of related concepts,the current situation and problems of talent training in marine cultural industry in China were analyzed,and talent training mechanisms of marine cultural industry based on collaborative innovation of governments,enterprises,colleges,scientific institutions and users were proposed to promote the transformation,upgrading and vigorous development of marine cultural industry,accelerate the spread of marine culture with Chinese characteristics,and build China into a maritime power.

Trends in Maritime Spatial Planning in Europe: An Approach to Governance Models

Maritime spatial planning is considered a key instrument for the success of integrated maritime policy. MSP is therefore an integrated approach to address the conflicting and competing uses of ocean resources and spaces in order to achieve the sustainable development of seas. This paper aims to access how governance models have been evolving with the implementation of MSP in Europe. The study compares institutional and legal frameworks in a North-South context, based on the case studies of Norway, Netherlands, England, Germany and Portugal and concludes that, although there are similarities in the legal frameworks developed to implement MSP, more profound differences arise on marine governance models and institutional frameworks, reflecting different political approaches and regional contexts.

Application of Collaborative Innovation of Governments,Enterprises,Colleges,Scientific Institutions and Users in the Talent Training of Marine Cultural Industry: A Case Study of Maritime Universities

Based on the literature review of collaborative innovation of governments, enterprises, colleges, scientific institutions and users, the ap-plication situation of collaborative innovation of governments, enterprises, colleges, scientific institutions and users in the talent training of marine cultural industry in maritime universities was analyzed, and the problems existing in the talent training of marine cultural industry were explored. Finally, corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward.

Research on Talent Training System of Marine Cultural Industry Based on Collaborative Innovation of Governments,Enterprises,Colleges,Scientific Institutions and Users

This paper focuses on the coupling between talent training system of marine cultural industry and collaborative innovation of govern-ments, enterprises, colleges, scientific institutions and users. Firstly, the significance of talent training in marine cultural industry for the construction of China as a maritime power was analyzed. Secondly, the current situation of talent training in China＇s marine cultural industry and the existing problems were analyzed. Finally, how to integrate the collaborative innovation of governments, enterprises, colleges, scientific institutions and us-ers into the talent training system of marine cultural industry was explored to help talent training to break through the bottleneck and promote the vig-orous development of marine cultural industry.

Talent Training of Marine Cultural Industry Based on Collaborative Innovation of Governments, Enterprises, Colleges, Scientific Institutions and Users: A Case Study of Shanghai City

Based on the collaborative innovation of governments, enterprises, colleges, scientific institutions and users, the possible shortcomings of talent training of marine cultural industry in Shanghai City were analyzed by using the case study method, and some specific measures for talent trainingofmarineculturalindustryinShanghaiCitywereproposed.

Global Economic Governance： China Finds Its New Role

The new changes in global economic governance have not only brought opportunities for China’s participation,but have also increased its risks and challenge.Under the concept of wide consultation,joint contribution and shared benefits,priority should be given to institutional building,agenda setting and economic security protection in key countries and regions.

China's Basic Role in Global Governance

The relations between China and global governance can be defined and explained in the following aspects:history of China’s presence in global governance institutions,China’s current relations with global governance institutions,China’s role in leading institutions of global governance(such as UN Security Council and G20)and China’s future contribution to

Innovation Research on Collabora/ve Governance System of theAir Pollution 2 Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei from the Cost-effectiveness Perspective

论文以京津冀大气污染协同治理的成本构成为基础,分析阐述了由于跨区域协同治理的法律法规不完善,有关三地信息共享、利益补偿、监督管理等相关制度、机制不健全,加大了京津冀协同治理的交易成本,使协同治理的效率降低.为此,应加快完善京津冀协同治理的制度与机制创新,重点加强京津冀区域内生态补偿和排污权交易等经济激励机制建设,以实现京津冀协同治理的长效目标.

The “Island Phenomenon” in Scientific and Technological Innovation and Its Governance Approach

General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly stressed that we should eliminate the "island phenomenon" in technological innovation. The "island phenomenon" negatively affects the transfer and spread of technological achievements, resulting in inefficient technological innovation and transfer, and significantly impedes the implementation of innovation-driven development strategies. The emergence of the "island phenomenon" should be attributed to a failure to give full play to the "invisible hand" of the market and the overreach or absence of government's "visible hand." Local governments can play an important role in eliminating this phenomenon by leading and guiding efforts to enhance improvements in innovation technology and transfers.

融合执行力与适应性:基层治理的制度优势分析

基层是国家制度传导的神经末梢,其治理效能的有效发挥是制度优势最直接的体现。新时代十年来,我国各领域基础性制度框架基本建立,但发展不平衡不充分问题仍然突出,信息公开、垃圾分类等基层治理中的制度优势彰显不足。制度优势向治理效能转化是国家治理的应然逻辑,转化过程中的动态机制、信任关系都会影响到制度执行的效果。单纯以制度执行力评判制度优势和治理效能略显偏颇,制度之所以具备优势,在于其能体现公平正义、呼应人之需求。而不同人的利益追求、目标取向、认知结构均不相同,这导致基层治理中制度出现适应性问题。经由理论层面的合理补充与实然层面的动态修复,融合执行力与适应性,有望打通制度优势、运行机制、信任支撑、治理效能的闭合回路,从而加快制度优势向基层传导,并反向以基层治理效能倒逼各类制度优化完善。

国家建构视角下基层负担过重的结构性困境:理论与个案分析

基层政府负担过重问题近年来引发了政策界和学界的高度关注,现有文献从科层体制、形式主义、基层治理能力等方面展开研究。我们需在此基础上进一步将基层政府负担问题置于历史变迁背景之下,从国家权力下沉及其背后的国家建构策略的变迁视角出发,重新反思这一问题。通过对L镇机构改革及其实际效果的深度个案分析,本文发现这一旨在强化乡镇政府能力、减轻其负担的改革却未能有效强化乡镇政府能力反而加重了其负担。究其原因,在于机构改革本身存在放责多于放权、乡镇无力承接放权以及运动式治理削弱专业化治理,以及村两委自治能力不足等。本文结合制度漂移理论进一步分析了其背后机理,并探讨了其对国家建构微观策略的理论意涵。

技术与制度协同演化与我国交通运输治理能力现代化——基于纵向案例研究

以国家高速公路联网不停车收费工程的演化变迁历程为纵向案例,基于技术与制度关系理论研究我国交通运输行业发展的底层逻辑和提升路径。研究发现:我国交通运输行业的深刻变革不是传统线性思维下技术或制度的单向决定论,而是在技术与制度的协同演化中推进我国交通运输治理能力现代化。即决策者能够基于已有的制度、组织、规则、经验及认知来建构技术发展的路径,而技术也使得制度的变迁成为可能,二者相互影响,互为选择。为进一步提升我国交通运输行业治理能力,既要发挥技术对组织调整和制度变革的潜力,又要强化制度对技术发展的选择、规范和引导作用,从而,在技术与制度的协同演化中加快交通强国建设步伐。