Laboratory pull-out tests were conducted on the following rock bolts and cable bolts:steel rebars,smooth steel bars,fiberglass reinforced polymer threaded bolts,flexible cable bolts,IR5/IN special cable bolts and Mini...Laboratory pull-out tests were conducted on the following rock bolts and cable bolts:steel rebars,smooth steel bars,fiberglass reinforced polymer threaded bolts,flexible cable bolts,IR5/IN special cable bolts and Mini-cage cable bolts.The diameter of the tested bolts was between 16 mm and 26 mm.The bolts were grouted in a sandstone sample using resin or cement grouts.The tests were conducted under either constant radial stiffness or constant confining pressure boundary conditions applied on the outer surface of the rock sample.In most tests,the rate of displacement was about 0.02 mm/s.The tests were performed using a pull-out bench that allows testing a wide range of parameters.This paper provides an extensive database of laboratory pull-out test results and confirms the influence of the confining pressure and the embedment length on the pull-out response(rock bolts and cable bolts).It also highlights the sensitivity of the results to the operating conditions and to the behavior of the sample as a whole,which cannot be neglected when the test results are used to assess the bolt-grout or the grouterock interface.展开更多
A chain event of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes caused considerable geotechnical damage related to liquefaction in many places around Kumamoto plain. Many low-rise houses and traditional Japanese style houses, which we...A chain event of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes caused considerable geotechnical damage related to liquefaction in many places around Kumamoto plain. Many low-rise houses and traditional Japanese style houses, which were constructed on <span style="font-family:Verdana;">shallow</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> foundation, suffered differential settlement and tilting due to liquefaction. To mitigate the building damages due to the liquefaction</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, a new countermeasure method of jet grout grid form with a horizontal slab is introduced in this study.</span></span></span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The effectiveness of the proposed technique was evaluated through physical </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">modelling</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and numerical </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">modelling</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. As </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">part of the physical </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">modelling</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, a set of 1 g shaking table tests for </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">unimproved</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> case and improved case were performed, in which the mitigation effects of the grid form with a horizontal reinforcing slab were examined based on the acceleration, excess pore water pressure ratio as well as ground settlement. Numerical simulation was also performed for assessing the effect of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">improved</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> method on soil-structure interaction and building </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">settlement</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> during the earthquake. </span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The physical and numerical results confirmed that the grid form with </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">horizontal</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> slab reinforced method is effective in settlement control and offers favorable contribution </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> liquefaction mitigation.</span></span></span></span>展开更多
我国东南沿海尤其是温州地区广泛存在上覆深厚软土下覆不均匀卵石的地层。该区域的钻孔灌注桩常采用后注浆技术改善其承载性能。为了评价后注浆技术对这类地层中灌注桩承载力改善效果,开展了相应的模型试验,对比了不同注浆量对桩承载力...我国东南沿海尤其是温州地区广泛存在上覆深厚软土下覆不均匀卵石的地层。该区域的钻孔灌注桩常采用后注浆技术改善其承载性能。为了评价后注浆技术对这类地层中灌注桩承载力改善效果,开展了相应的模型试验,对比了不同注浆量对桩承载力的影响程度;并结合扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,简称SEM)试验分析了浆液分布特点,探讨了浆液在卵石层中的扩散范围,研究了浆液扩散范围与桩承载力之间的关系。结果表明:浆液能够有效地填充桩端卵石层,注浆量的增加使得填充范围扩大,填充范围为3~4倍桩径时,桩的承载力改善最显著。在不均匀卵石持力层中存在一个最优注浆量,最优归一化注浆量约为2.8,若超过该最优注浆量归一化值,桩的承载力不再显著提高。单桩模型试验确定的最优注浆量与刘金砺公式[1]的预测结果接近。扫描电镜技术有助于评价桩的后注浆技术在上覆深厚软土下覆不均匀卵石的土层中的效果。展开更多
This paper investigates the explicit use of rock reinforcement in a discontinuous stress analysis model.A series of numerical experiments was undertaken to evaluate the performance of local and global reinforcement mo...This paper investigates the explicit use of rock reinforcement in a discontinuous stress analysis model.A series of numerical experiments was undertaken to evaluate the performance of local and global reinforcement models implemented in universal distinct element code(UDEC).This was made possible by calibrating the reinforcement models to the laboratory behavior of a fully-grouted rebar bolt tested under pure pull and pure shear loading conditions.The model calibration focuses on matching different loading stages of the force-displacement curve including the initial elastic response,the hardening behavior and the bolt rupture.The paper concludes with a discussion on the suitability of the different reinforcement models in UDEC including their advantages and limitations.Finally,it addresses the choice of input parameters required for a realistic simulation of fully-grouted rebar bolts.展开更多
基金supported by the European Research Fund for Coal and Steel in the AMSSTED Programme RFCR-CT-2013-00001
文摘Laboratory pull-out tests were conducted on the following rock bolts and cable bolts:steel rebars,smooth steel bars,fiberglass reinforced polymer threaded bolts,flexible cable bolts,IR5/IN special cable bolts and Mini-cage cable bolts.The diameter of the tested bolts was between 16 mm and 26 mm.The bolts were grouted in a sandstone sample using resin or cement grouts.The tests were conducted under either constant radial stiffness or constant confining pressure boundary conditions applied on the outer surface of the rock sample.In most tests,the rate of displacement was about 0.02 mm/s.The tests were performed using a pull-out bench that allows testing a wide range of parameters.This paper provides an extensive database of laboratory pull-out test results and confirms the influence of the confining pressure and the embedment length on the pull-out response(rock bolts and cable bolts).It also highlights the sensitivity of the results to the operating conditions and to the behavior of the sample as a whole,which cannot be neglected when the test results are used to assess the bolt-grout or the grouterock interface.
文摘A chain event of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes caused considerable geotechnical damage related to liquefaction in many places around Kumamoto plain. Many low-rise houses and traditional Japanese style houses, which were constructed on <span style="font-family:Verdana;">shallow</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> foundation, suffered differential settlement and tilting due to liquefaction. To mitigate the building damages due to the liquefaction</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, a new countermeasure method of jet grout grid form with a horizontal slab is introduced in this study.</span></span></span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The effectiveness of the proposed technique was evaluated through physical </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">modelling</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and numerical </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">modelling</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. As </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">part of the physical </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">modelling</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, a set of 1 g shaking table tests for </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">unimproved</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> case and improved case were performed, in which the mitigation effects of the grid form with a horizontal reinforcing slab were examined based on the acceleration, excess pore water pressure ratio as well as ground settlement. Numerical simulation was also performed for assessing the effect of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">improved</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> method on soil-structure interaction and building </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">settlement</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> during the earthquake. </span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The physical and numerical results confirmed that the grid form with </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">horizontal</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> slab reinforced method is effective in settlement control and offers favorable contribution </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> liquefaction mitigation.</span></span></span></span>
文摘我国东南沿海尤其是温州地区广泛存在上覆深厚软土下覆不均匀卵石的地层。该区域的钻孔灌注桩常采用后注浆技术改善其承载性能。为了评价后注浆技术对这类地层中灌注桩承载力改善效果,开展了相应的模型试验,对比了不同注浆量对桩承载力的影响程度;并结合扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,简称SEM)试验分析了浆液分布特点,探讨了浆液在卵石层中的扩散范围,研究了浆液扩散范围与桩承载力之间的关系。结果表明:浆液能够有效地填充桩端卵石层,注浆量的增加使得填充范围扩大,填充范围为3~4倍桩径时,桩的承载力改善最显著。在不均匀卵石持力层中存在一个最优注浆量,最优归一化注浆量约为2.8,若超过该最优注浆量归一化值,桩的承载力不再显著提高。单桩模型试验确定的最优注浆量与刘金砺公式[1]的预测结果接近。扫描电镜技术有助于评价桩的后注浆技术在上覆深厚软土下覆不均匀卵石的土层中的效果。
基金supported by the Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada
文摘This paper investigates the explicit use of rock reinforcement in a discontinuous stress analysis model.A series of numerical experiments was undertaken to evaluate the performance of local and global reinforcement models implemented in universal distinct element code(UDEC).This was made possible by calibrating the reinforcement models to the laboratory behavior of a fully-grouted rebar bolt tested under pure pull and pure shear loading conditions.The model calibration focuses on matching different loading stages of the force-displacement curve including the initial elastic response,the hardening behavior and the bolt rupture.The paper concludes with a discussion on the suitability of the different reinforcement models in UDEC including their advantages and limitations.Finally,it addresses the choice of input parameters required for a realistic simulation of fully-grouted rebar bolts.