Study on the Evaluation and Monitoring over In-depth Development of Ecotourism

Qualitative indexes contained in the product standards of in-depth ecotourism development are summarized as:carrying capacity control,protection of natural environment,participation of community residents,education about environment protection,enhancing standard management,clean production,green training,and overall monitoring.Based on the model of grey system theory,the improvement of in-depth ecotourism development was predicted,the construction,evaluation and monitoring model for the in-depth development of ecotourism was established,and finally the index system for the evaluation was set as the General Layer(A),the System Layer(B),the Status Layer(C),and the Variable Layer(D).

Discussion on Statistical Monitoring and Evaluation of High-Quality Development of County Economy

The county economy serves as the fundamental unit in China’s economic development and construction.There exists a significant correlation between the quality and level of county economic development and the overall economic construction level of the country.In recent years,China’s economy has experienced rapid growth,contributing to an improved living environment and substantial economic income for its citizens.However,this progress has also brought to light certain issues,such as an unbalanced industrial structure and inefficient resource utilization,leading to problems such as low efficiency and severe environmental pollution.Therefore,it becomes imperative to enhance the statistical monitoring and evaluation of high-quality county economic development.This approach aims to gather insights into the development status of the county economy and provide essential data support for decision-making in county economic development.Consequently,this paper proposes development suggestions for the statistical monitoring and evaluation of high-quality county economic development,serving as a crucial starting point for future initiatives.

Assessment of growth monitoring among children younger than 5 years at early childhood development centres in Nelson Mandela Bay,South Africa

Introduction:Early childhood development(ECD)centres are important community hubs in South Africa and act as sites for community detection of childhood nutrition problems.This study aimed to assess the ability of trained ECD practitioners with optimal support to correctly classify the nutritional status of infants and young children at ECD centres in the Nelson Mandela Bay.Methods:A descriptive,cross-sectional study was used to collect data from 1645 infants and children at 88 ECD centres.Anthropometric measurements were taken by trained fieldworkers and growth monitoring and promotion infrastructure was audited at ECD centres.Results:Of the sample,4.4%(n=72)were underweight by weight for age Z-score(WAZ<-2)and 0.8%(n=13)were severely underweight(WAZ<-3).Results showed that 13.1%(n=214)were stunted by height for age Z-score(HAZ<-2)and 4.5%(n=74)were severely stunted(HAZ<-3).The prevalence of moderate acute malnutrition was 1.2%and severe acute malnutrition was 0.5%,while the prevalence of overweight was 9.2%and the prevalence of obesity was 4%.A significant level of agreement between the correct interpretation and the ECD practitioners'interpretation was observed across all the anthropometric indicators investigated.The true positive wasting cases had a mean mid-upper arm circumference(MUAC)of 14.6 cm,which may explain the high false negative rate found in terms of children identified with wasting,where ECD practitioners fail to use the weight for height Z-score(WHZ)interpretation for screening.Conclusion:By using ECD centres as hub to screen for malnutrition,it may contribute to the early identification of failure to thrive among young children.Although it was concerning that trained ECD practitioners are missing some children with an unacceptably high false negative rate,it may have been due to the fact that wasting in older children cannot be identified with MUAC alone and that accurate WFH plotting is needed.Onsite mentorship by governmental health workers may provide ECD practitioners with more confidence to screen children for growth failure based on regular WFH measurements.Moreover,ECD practitioners will be more confident to monitor the Road to Health booklets for missed vaccinations,vitamin A and deworming opportunities.

Pursuit of Excellence:The Past Development and New Progress of the Human Rights Action Plans of China

Since the Vienna Declaration and programme of Action in 1993 recommended that countries formulate national human rights action plans,many countries have carried out relevant explorations.Since 2009,China has formulated four series of Human Rights Action plan of China,which is significant for promoting the development of human rights,enhancing the say in international human rights,reducing social risks and protecting individual rights.The formulation of the plan adheres to the principles of being laws and policies-based and human rights-oriented,and taking into account both the country and society.The first three series of the Action plans have undergone such evolution as upgrade of guiding principles and goals,refinement of rights content and measures,diversification of responsible subjects,increasingly reasonable framework structure,and more human rights consideration in discourse expression.The fourth series of the Action plan pays more attention to expanding public participation and the content,improving the supervision mechanism,and further promoting the formulation and implementation of the Action plan.

The Theory and Evaluation Method of the Sustainable Development System About the Harmonious Growth of Population, Resource, Environment and Economy in the County District of China

The linchpin of strategy about the Sustainable Development (SD) in Chinese county enforcement area is to accomplish the basic transformation about the mode of economic development from extensive mode to intensive mode. For most counties of China, the overmany population is an element which influences the Sustainable Development. But to achieve the Sustainable Development based on the harmonious development of population, resource, economy and environment, the most important thing is how to carry on its management and evaluation method under the guide of the Tenth Five Year Plan of national economy and the Perspective Target of 2010.Therefore,this paper aims at reforming the traditional judging method focusing on output value Income and establishing a systematic management method and evaluation index system about the sustainable development based on the harmonious growth of population, resource, economy and environment.

Statistical and Economic Issues Concerning the Rural Poor; Retrospect and Prospects

Decent living based on regular and secured earning is one of the fundamentals of prosperous life. For well-being/upliftment of rural poor some of the basic components required are basic education, productive and decent employment and health care. The amenities of common people＇s life do rotate around these. Due to geophysical and cultural diversities prevailing in our country, the nature and dynamics of development in different States has notable variations. Our rural areas have also progressed and changed but they still need a lot to be provided. To ensure a balanced development in our country we need to lay emphasis on upliftment of the rural and marginalized poor. To accomplish this task government is working in this direction. However, it is still felt that concerted efforts are required on the basis of micro level background information. It could be done by addressing some of statistical and economic issues. The notable among them are percentage of surpluses mobilized from labour saving technological change utilized for essential services such as health, sanitation and education to entertainment and cultural activities; variation in acreage from traditional food crop to cash crop; changing trend, of the prices of agricultural inputs vis-a-vis the cost of agricultural output and use of ground water in cultivation; trend of informal credits in relation to rising cost of cultivation; analysis of the dynamics of welfare Schemes regarding employment, healthcare and basic education etc. Inclusive growth was the cardinal principle of 11 th Five Year Plan of our country. It was further strengthened in 12th Five Year Plan by prefixing faster and sustainable features to it. Therefore, in order to ensure that this basic objective is being fulfilled; it is necessary that along with policy making there should be in-built components of data collection, monitoring and evaluation.

A Protocol for Developing a Clinical Practice Guideline for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Vancomycin

This study aimed to develop a guideline for therapeutic drug monitoring（TDM） of vancomycin. We adopted the new guideline definition from the Institute of Medicine（IOM）, adhered closely to the six domains of the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research ＆ Evaluation Ⅱ（AGREE Ⅱ）, and made recommendations based on systematic reviews. We established a Guideline Steering Group and a Guideline Development Group, formulated 12 questions in the form of Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome（PICO） and completed a literature search. As far as we know, we will develop the first evidenced-based guideline for vancomycin TDM under the framework of the Grade of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation（GRADE）.

澳洲坚果‘O.C’果实发育及品质变化规律研究

为探究澳洲坚果果实生长和品质的变化规律,以6 a生‘O.C’为试材,于盛花期挑选状态基本一致的花序进行标记,跟踪测定果实横纵径、果形指数、单果质量、内果皮颜色、单壳果干质量、单果仁干质量、出籽率、出仁率、一级果仁率、粗脂肪、蛋白质、可溶性总糖及脂肪酸含量,对内果皮颜色及果实评价指标进行相关性分析,并采用主成分分析法对不同发育时期的果实品质进行综合评价。结果显示:(1)澳洲坚果果实横纵径、单果质量的生长趋势基本一致,呈“快速—缓慢—稳定”的“S”形曲线,果形指数呈近似“L”形。(2)花后105~195 d,内果皮颜色L^(*)值逐渐降低,a^(*)/b^(*)逐渐上升;壳果横纵径差异不显著;单壳果干质量、单果仁干质量、出仁率、一级果仁率、粗脂肪及蛋白质含量逐渐升高至稳定;出籽率、可溶性总糖含量呈下降—升高—稳定的变化趋势;不同发育时期的果仁中均检测出12种主要的脂肪酸,包括6种饱和脂肪酸、4种单不饱和脂肪酸和2种多不饱和脂肪酸。(3)相关性分析表明,39对性状呈极显著水平,16对性状呈显著水平,大多数品质指标间具有较强的相关性,且内果皮颜色与品质指标关系密切。(4)利用主成分分析法对果实品质进行综合评价,不同发育时期综合得分(Dn)的变化范围为-1.565~0.727,花后175 d的果实排名第一。结果表明,花后175 d为澳洲坚果‘O.C’的最佳采收时期,内果皮颜色的L^(*)值在35.73以下、a^(*)/b^(*)在1.48以上可作为该品种集中采收期确定的重要参考指标,研究结果为澳洲坚果‘O.C’丰产栽培及适时采收提供了理论依据。

《药品使用监测与评价标准》制订与解析

药品使用监测与评价在推动药物回归临床价值、优化基本药物制度以及完善药品供应保障体系方面发挥着关键作用。为促进医疗机构药品使用监测和评价工作的贯彻落实,由中国医院协会药事专业委员会牵头,组织国内相关专家,遵循团体标准制订流程,通过问题梳理、框架构建、证据收集、初稿撰写、意见征询和标准形成等步骤,成功制订了《药品使用监测与评价》团体标准。该文详细介绍了标准制订过程,并对标准内容进行解释与分析,旨在帮助读者更好地理解药品使用监测与评价内涵,并提供使用指导。

果园生草条件下苹果病虫害发生特征

为明确宁夏引黄灌区果园优势功能草种类型并进行获益评价,选用黑麦草Lolium perenne、苜蓿Medicago sativa、高羊茅Festuca arundinacea、长柔毛野豌豆Vicia villosa等4种具备潜在绿肥功能的草种以及自然生草进行果园行间长期生草处理,以清耕模式为对照,对生草试验3年后不同功能草种条件下的果树生长发育及主要病虫害发生状况进行调查,解析不同生草品种条件对果园苹果生长发育、产量品质、病虫害发生情况的综合影响。不同草种生草对苹果生长发育及病虫害的影响不同,即人工播种长柔毛野豌豆、高羊茅、黑麦草及自然生草均可促进果树生育与果实产量品质的提升,减少蚜虫、叶螨发生量,增加瓢虫、草蛉的种群数量。人工播种苜蓿则会显著抑制果树的生育,并使斑点落叶病发生率提高37.62%。果树生长发育与病虫害及天敌发生量的相关性分析表明,果树短枝率与捕食性天敌瓢虫发生量呈显著正相关(R^(2)=0.72),单株产量与捕食性天敌瓢虫(R^(2)=0.64)及草蛉(R^(2)=0.57)发生量呈显著正相关,与叶螨、蚜虫、早期落叶病发生量呈显著负相关(0.462<0.77);此外,捕食性天敌草蛉与瓢虫发生量呈显著正相关,瓢虫与叶螨及蚜虫发生量呈显著负相关(R^(2)>0.62)。综上,果园行间播种长柔毛野豌豆能促进果树生长发育,减少病虫害发生,即果树的获益程度最高,具体表现为(相较于清耕):促进果树生长发育方面,可使短枝率提高15.91%,单果重提高12.62%,可溶性固形物含量提高5.95%,可溶性糖含量提高10.54%,可滴定酸含量降低21.43%,使蚜虫发生量降低36.10%,叶螨发生量降低22.46%,可作为宁夏引黄灌区果园的优势功能草种。

基于熵权-模糊综合评价法的无人机多光谱春玉米长势监测模型研究

为实现春玉米长势的快速监测,实时掌握田间作物的生长状况,本文以新疆维吾尔自治区克拉玛依地区种植的春玉米作为研究对象,利用无人机多光谱影像对春玉米进行长势监测。基于地面采集的春玉米叶片叶绿素含量、叶面积指数、地上部生物量和株高等数据,结合熵权法(EWM)和模糊综合评价法(FCE)建立综合长势指标CGMI_(EWM)和CGMI_(FCE)。通过无人机遥感影像数据构建光谱指数,并利用皮尔逊相关性分析法和方差膨胀因子确定模型最佳输入变量。采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)、随机森林回归(RF)及粒子群算法(PSO)优化RF模型建立春玉米长势反演模型,结合模型精度评价指标,最终确定春玉米空间影像长势分布图。结果表明,以CGMI_(EWM)和CGMI_(FCE)构建综合长势指标的相关性均高于单一长势指标的相关性;利用CGMI_(FCE)长势指标结合PSO-RF模型反演春玉米长势的效果最优,其决定系数(R^(2))为0.823,均方根误差(RMSE)为0.084%,相对分析误差(RPD)为2.345;研究区春玉米长势集中在生长正常(ZZ)等级,说明全区春玉米长势较为稳定。研究结果可为春玉米的田间管理提供科学依据。

护理硕士研究生临床教学质量保障监控与评价体系的建立

目的 探讨护理硕士研究生临床教学质量保障监控与评价体系的建立方法与应用效果。方法 2022年1月-2022年11月,以护理管理者、护理硕士研究生导师、临床带教教师、护理硕士研究生等4个群体为调查对象,采用德尔菲法(Delphi)进行正式调查并建立三级指标体系。结果 本次研究中第1轮调查与第2轮调查分别发放问卷22份与20份,有效回收率分别为95.5%、90.0%,意见提出率分别为50.0%、40.0%。构建的护理硕士研究生临床教学质量保障监控与评价方案包括课程指标与教学指标2个一级指标,包括课程建设、师资队伍、教育支持、教师素质、教学组织5个二级指标,包括教育经费、信息资源、实验室面积、教学医院情况、实践活动、教师教学态度、教师教学内容、教师教学形式、考核方法、教学信息化等15个三级指标。结论 护理硕士研究生临床教学质量保障监控与评价方案具有很好的科学性与合理性,它的实施可促进临床教学的可持续发展,为护理硕士研究生真正进入临床护理实践奠定基础。

声音对NICU早产儿生长发育影响的系统评价再评价

目的检索并再评价声音对NICU早产儿生长发育影响的系统评价,为临床医务人员临床决策及早产儿健康干预策略的持续改进提供参考。方法计算机检索The Cochrane Library、Embase、PubMed、Web of Science、万方、中国知网、维普和中国生物医学文献数据库,检索关于声音对NICU早产儿影响的系统评价/Meta分析/荟萃分析,检索时间为建库至2023年5月。2名研究人员应用AMSTAR对文献进行方法学质量评价后,通过GRADE进行证据整理与分级。结果初检文献405篇,最终纳入文献20篇,AMSTAR质量评价结果表明,高等质量文献有5篇,其余15篇均为中等质量,纳入文献的总体方法学质量较低。采用GRADE系统对20篇系统评价的79条结局指标的证据质量评价结果显示,12条证据为中等质量,34条证据为低等质量,33条证据为极低质量。结论声音干预有利于改善NICU早产儿的相关生理指标、睡眠效率、行为状态、神经行为及大脑发育,可促进早产儿健康恢复,但系统评价的方法学质量和证据的质量均较低,临床实践需谨慎采纳有关证据,并逐步进行更加规范、严谨的研究。

智能心电监护服饰发展现状及标准体系研究

简述国内外智能心电监护服饰的发展现状,从标准化机构的设置、相关标准的制修订进展,以及现有标准体系存在的不足3个方面,对目前智能心电监护服饰的标准体系总体发展情况进行分析。指出关于心电信号采集系统性能测试的基础性标准还有许多空白,针对心电信号的识别、统计分析要求尚未建立统一的评价标准,已有的产品标准需要进一步完善。最后对完善智能心电监护服饰标准体系提出了对策和建议。

农药零增长政策对农药施用总量和强度的影响

农药零增长政策实施至今已有8年多,定量分析政策效果,尤其是农药减量效果的异质性及市场价格机制对减量效果影响的研究还很少见。本研究基于2010—2019年我国26个省(自治区)的面板数据,运用静态面板、动态面板及调节效应模型定量评估零增长政策对农药施用的影响及市场价格机制在其中的调节作用。结果表明:零增长政策在全国和区域层面均显著降低了农药施用总量和强度,但其政策效力随时间延长而递减。零增长政策的农药减量效果具有区域异质性,在非粮食主产区的农药减量效果大于在粮食主产区的减量效果。零增长政策对施用总量和强度的减量效果也存在一定的差异,施用总量减量效果略高于施用强度减量效果。市场价格机制对零增长政策的农药减量效果具有显著的调节效应,农产品-农药价格指数比上升在一定程度上削弱了零增长政策的农药减量作用。研究建议:针对区域特点构建绿色防控手段价格补贴机制,加强对单位面积农药投入量的刚性约束,重视零增长政策与涉农市场价格机制联动,以实现最优调控效果。

桥梁传感器优化布置的研究现状与发展趋势

桥梁在交通网络中充当着极其重要的角色,其正常运行与否关系到人民生活幸福指数的高低。所以,为其建立结构健康监测系统以实时监测其安全状态、预警其异常行为及预测其工作性能走向的方法极为必要。桥梁结构传感器的优化布置,简单来说就是通过正确合理地布置所需传感器来获取桥梁的各项信息。传感器的优化布置研究的关键则在于其布置方法与评价准则,国内外的学者经过多年的研究,在该领域取得一定的突破与创新,但是仍然存在很多不完善的地方,如何通过改进各种算法来确定传感器优化布置最优解成为研究的主要方向。该文重点阐述传感器优化布置准则和传感器优化布置的方法在目前研究方向中发挥的重要作用,并对桥梁健康监测的后续发展表达看法和展望。

世界高等教育数字化发展指数(2023)——《无限的可能:世界高等教育数字化发展报告(2023)》节选四

在数字化转型成为高等教育改革与发展主题的当下,监测评估作为提高数字化发展质量的“指挥棒”,是一项基础性工作。而相关探索和实践主要聚焦于某些中观层面和微观层面的要素,对世界范围和国家高等教育数字化发展等宏观层面的关注还不够。因此,需立足全球视角,通过明确高等教育数字化发展指数的目标、遵循高等教育数字化发展指数的制定原则、规范高等教育数字化发展指数的内容,形成世界高等教育数字化发展指数。《世界高等教育数字化发展指数(2023)》参考相关研究成果和国内外实践,以数字生态理论为指导,分析高等教育数字化发展的内涵及其指标体系的构建;坚持理论与实践相结合的基本思路,经过多轮次专家意见征集和专家委员会研讨论证,最终确定数字化育人、数字化办学、数字化管理、数字化保障等4个一级指标,并将其进一步细化为10个二级指标和18个具体测量指标,以反映高等教育数字化发展水平,构建符合国际话语体系且兼具中国特色的高等教育数字化指标体系。最后基于指数测算及结果分析,提出政策建议:优化数字化育人环节,重构全新数字高教生态;提升数字化办学质量,促进数字技术在教育领域广泛应用;制定综合化数字教育战略,提升全球数字化管理水平;加强全方位教育数字化保障,确保全球数字化可持续性发展加强;推动数字教育开放合作,促进全球数字教育资源共享;加强教育数字化领域的对话沟通,加快形成国际性共识。

“双减”背景下人工智能赋能学习质量监测:价值构想与模型设计

聚焦中国式高质量教育发展的要求,深化落实新时代教育评价改革,创新学生学习质量监测体系则至关重要。围绕融合学科核心素养,以认知诊断自适应测验技术为保障,建构人工智能赋能学生学习质量监测体系,助力中国式教育现代化。人工智能赋能学生学习质量监测体系以个性化评价适配学生个性化学习,以智能化监测推动学生智慧学习与教师智慧教学,以增值评价实现学生学习质量增效的可视化。该体系兼具评价性、学习性和教学性功能,可以从多方面、多层次对学生学科核心素养进行全面测评,支持学生个性化学习,提供智慧学习资源包,辅助学生知识进阶;可以依据测评结果提供智慧教学策略,辅助教师提升教学效能,为学生学习、教师教学、家长督学提供可视化的证据。

胎盘生长因子水平与胎心监护及子痫前期孕妇胎儿宫内生长受限的关联性研究

目的:分析胎盘生长因子水平与胎心监护及子痫前期孕妇胎儿宫内生长受限的关联性。方法:以2020年6月至2023年6月于本院确诊的子痫前期孕妇131例为研究对象,依据其是否合并胎儿宫内生长受限分为子痫前期未合并胎儿生长受限组(n=70)及子痫前期合并胎儿生长受限组(n=61)。所有研究对象均进行胎盘生长因子水平检测,并在孕周28周以上进行胎心监护。并以受试者特征工作(ROC)曲线分析胎盘生长因子对子痫前期孕妇合并胎儿宫内生长受限的评估价值。结果:子痫前期合并胎儿生长受限组的胎盘生长因子水平低于子痫前期未合并胎儿生长受限组(P<0.05);子痫前期合并胎儿生长受限组的胎心监护异常率高于子痫前期未合并胎儿生长受限组(P<0.05);ROC曲线分析结果显示,胎盘生长因子评估子痫前期孕妇胎儿宫内生长受限的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.797,灵敏度为91.80%,特异性为57.14%。结论:胎盘生长因子水平与胎心监护及子痫前期孕妇胎儿宫内生长受限密切相关,通过胎盘生长因子检测及胎心监护可为子痫前期孕妇胎儿宫内生长受限的评估提供参考。

国际儿童发育监测指南工具包在中国使用者中的认可情况分析

目的探讨国际儿童发育监测指南(the Guide for Monitoring Child Development,GMCD)在我国儿童保健工作者中的认可情况,为GMCD工具包在中国的推广提供循证依据。方法对2021年1月以前接受过GMCD工具包培训的儿童保健工作者开展线上问卷调查,了解使用者对工具包内容的满意度、对门诊服务质量改善和医务人员能力提升的评价,以及与其他工具对比GMCD工具包的优势。结果来自全国14个省(自治区、直辖市)的111名使用者对于GMCD工具包进行了评价,占已接受培训人数的78.2%。在内容方面,81.1%的使用者对GMCD工具包各部分内容均满意。在价值认可方面,分别有99.1%和98.2%的使用者认为GMCD工具包能改善门诊服务质量、提高医务人员自身能力。其中,改善门诊服务质量方面最为认可的是能改善家长交流的主动性(92.8%);提高医务人员自身能力方面最为认可的是提高与儿童看护人的交流能力(91.9%)。107名被调查者使用过其他儿童发育评价工具,其对于GMCD工具包的优势评价排在前3位的依次是不需要器械/设备(80.4%)、容易掌握(72.9%)和家长接受度高(70.1%)。统计学检验显示,使用者对于GMCD工具包材料的满意度未受年龄、执业类型、工作年限、使用情况等因素的影响(均P>0.05);对于工具包优势评价与职业类型、职称等特征有关联;GMCD工具包“常用组”较“少用组”在工具包节省人力、经济效益高、家长接受度高等方面更为认可,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论GMCD工具包在我国使用者中得到了较高认可,GMCD工具包的使用对于医务人员提高儿童心理行为发育问题的识别能力有重要意义,该工具包将在全国儿童保健服务者中进一步推广使用。由于研究开展时服务人员均处于使用初期,有必要在未来的研究中进一步从儿童发育长期干预效果的角度进行评价。