The effect of Common Cuckoo parasitism on the annual productivity of a host population

Avian interspecific brood parasitism is an excellent system for studying coevolutionary processes in nature because brood parasites directly affect host reproductive success.Most research on avian brood parasitism has,therefore,focused primarily on specific host anti-parasite behaviours and parasite counter-adaptations.However,the population-level consequences of brood parasitism for host species are poorly understood.This study investigated the effect of Common Cuckoo(Cuculus canorus)parasitism on the productivity of a local population of the Great Reed Warbler(Acrocephalus arundinaceus)host in south-western Slovakia.A total of 495 females nesting at the studied site successfully fledged 1321 of their own young and 63 young of the Common Cuckoo over the course of 15 years(2008-2022),and the annual rate of successful parasitism ranged from 18% to 44% over this period.As predicted,higher rates of successful cuckoo parasitism significantly reduced the annual productivity of the local Great Reed Warbler population,and its contribution to decreased host reproductive success was at about the same rate as overall nest failure caused by predation and other environmental factors.Such a heavily parasitized population was probably maintained by immigrants from other populations and density-dependent selection,which is also consistent with source-sink dynamics.However,further long-term studies monitoring parasitized populations are required to confirm these findings.

Structure and regeneration dynamics of three forest types at different succession stages of spruce – fir mixed forest in Changbai Mountain, northeastern China

Analyzing and understanding the structure and growth dynamics of forests at different stages is helpful to promote forest succession, restoration and management. Three spots representing three succession stages of spruce-fir mixed forest(SF: polar-birch secondary forest, MF: spruce-fir mixed forest and PF: spruce-fir near primary forest) were established. Structure, growth dynamics during two growth seasons for dominant tree species, regeneration were examined, and a univariate O-ring function statistic was used to analyze the spatial patterns of main regeneration tree species. Results showed that,(1) composition of tree species, periodic annual increment(PAI) of the diameter at breast height(DBH), basal area for overstory trees and of ground diameter(DGH) for saplings, were significantly different with the succession;(2) the current species composition and regeneration dynamics of SF suggested a development towards spruce-fir mixed forests. Pioneer species like Betula platyphyllaa will gradually disappear while climax species, such as Abies nephrolepis, Pinus koraiensis, Picea koraiensis and Tilia amurensis will dominate forest stands;(3) Despite the highest volume occurring in PF, and saplings in it grew better than in the others, this forest type is unstable because of its unsustainable structure of DBH class and insufficient regeneration; and(4) MF had the most reasonable distribution of DBH class for adult trees(DBH > 5.0 cm) and DGH class for saplings(H ≥30 cm and DBH ≤5 cm), as well as an optimal volume increment. Limiting canopy opening size can lessen the physiological stress and promote the growth and competitive status of regeneration. Management implications for increasing the gaps and thus creating better growth conditions for understory saplings and facilitating forest succession were discussed.

Effect of Variety and Growth Regulator Concentration on Success of Air Layering in Plum

The experiment was conducted at the Regional Spices Research Center, BARI, Gazipur during June 2016 to October 2017 to evaluate the effect of genotype and growth regulator (IBA) on the success and performance of plum air layering. Air layering was done on two plum varieties (BARI Alubokhara-1 and PD Gaz 004) using seven levels of IBA concentration (viz. 0, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000 and 6000 ppm) under a complete randomized (factorial) design (CRD). Significant variation was observed on rooting, establishment and death of layers due to variety and IBA concentrations except rooting and separation time. The un-fruiting line PD Gaz 004 showed outstanding performance in rooting and survivability of layers over BARI Alubokhara-1. Poor rooting and lower establishment caused very high mortality of layers in BARI Alubokhara-1. Rooting and survivability, number of roots, length of roots and leaf production increased with the increasing levels of IBA concentration up to 5000 ppm. The maximum (10 out of 10) rooting success of layer with 65.83% and 59.17% establishment from PD Gaz004 was obtained when 3000 and 4000 ppm IBA was used, respectively. In BARI Alubokhara-1, the highest rooting success (3.08), establishment rate (29.42%), number of root (4.28/layer) and root length (5.08 cm) were recorded with 4000 ppm IBA concentration.

Determination of Business Strategies Using SWOT Analysis;Planning and Managing the Organizational Resources to Enhance Growth and Profitability

A SWOT analysis is the method to evaluate the internal weaknesses and strengths of an organization as well as evaluating the threats and opportunities of its external environment.This is considered as an effective framework to plan and manage the organizational resources to achieve certain goals in a specific period of time.The purpose of implementing SWOT analysis in an organization is to formulate the strategy of a business based on existing internal and external factors.There may be several disadvantages associated with running a SWOT analysis;however,its efficiency in determining the future strategy of a business is more indeed.Although the origin of SWOT analysis is uncertain,there is a long historical background about its uses to facilitate the decision-making process in every complex environment.The final result of a SWOT analysis can be presented in a matrix which is a combination of the four factors and determines strengths and weaknesses that a company involves,with opportunities and threats that it may face.This article provides a study of SWOT analysis basics and provides several practical insights of steps to provide a SWOT matrix.

Effects of soil nitrate:ammonium ratio on plant carbon:nitrogen ratio and growth rate of Artemisia sphaerocephala seedlings

Can soil nitrate： ammonium ratios influence plant carbon： nitrogen ratios of the early succession plant？ Can plant carbon： nitrogen ratios limit the plant growth in early succession？ To address these two questions, we performed a two-factor （soil nitrate： ammonium ratio and plant density） randomized block design and a uniform-precision rotatable central composite design pot experiments to examine the relationships between soil nitrate： ammonium ratios, the carbon： nitrogen ratios and growth rate of Artemisia sphaerocephala seedlings. Under adequate nutrient status, both soil nitrate： ammonium ratios and plant density influenced the carbon： nitrogen ratios and growth rate of A. sphaerocephala seedlings. Under the lower soil nitrate： ammonium ratios, with the increase of soil nitrate： ammonium ratios, the growth rates of plant height and shoot biomass of A. sphaerocephala seedlings decreased significantly; with the increase of plant carbon： nitrogen ratios, the growth rates of shoot biomass of A. sphaerocephala seedlings decreased significantly. Soil nitrate： ammonium ratios affected the carbon： nitrogen ratios of A. sphaerocephala seedlings by plant nitrogen but not by plant carbon. Thus, soil nitrate： ammonium ratios influenced the carbon： nitrogen ratios of A. sphaerocephala seedlings, and hence influenced its growth rates. Our results suggest that under adequate nutrient environment, soil nitrate： ammonium ratios can be a limiting factor for the growth of the early succession plant.

Growth Dynamics of the Middle Devonian Jukoupu Bioherm,Xinshao, Hunan

The growth process, palaeoecological features and the function of organisms in reef-building of the Jukoupu bioherm in Hunan are discussed in detail. The bioherm is divided into 10 microfacies. Organisms are very abundant in the reef. Thirty-two genera Belonging to 7 phyla have been recognized. They make up 5 communities composed mainly of stromatopoids, Corals and algae, each of which has its own salient ecological features. An analysis of all communities shows that the organic functions are very complex. The same organisms may possess diverse functions simultaneously as the reef growth enters the late stage. The growth process of the reef may involve five stages' (l)biostrome stage, (2) stabilization stage, (3) frame-type reef-building stage, (4) binding and covering-type reef-building stage, and (5) baffle- type reef -building stage.

School-based physical activity interventions for children and youth:Keys for success

Given the rising trend in obesity in children and youth and age-related decline in moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity(MVPA)in several Western,African,and Asian-Pacific countries^1 and strong evidence that past physical activity(PA)interventions have had only a small effect on children’s and youth’s overall activity levels,~2it is important to clarify whether school-based PA interventions warrant resource allocation.Schools represent an accessible and cost-effective

TMAS is ready to weave success and growth in Vietnam

TMAS,Textile Machinery Association of Sweden,has established a local office in the 7th district of Ho Chi Minh City.Heading the office is Mr.Tran Phuoc Thanh,Business Development Representative for TMAS in Vietnam.Mr.Tran comes with experience from the

Response of successive three generations of cotton,bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner),fed on cotton bolls under elevated CO_2

The growth, development and consumption of successive three generations of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera （Htibner）, fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2 （double-ambient vs. ambient） in open-top chambers were examined. Significant decreases in protein, total amino acid, water and nitrogen content and increases in free fatty acid were observed in cotton bolls. Changes in quality of cotton bolls affected the growth, development and food utilization of H. armigera. Significantly longer larval development duration in three successive generations and lower pupal weight of the second and third generations were observed in cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. Significantly lower fecundity was also found in successive three generations of H. armigera fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. The consumption per larva occurred significant increase in successive three generations and frass per larva were also significantly increased during the second and third generations under elevated CO2. Significantly lower relative growth rate, efficiency of conversion of ingested food and significant higher relative consumption rate in successive three generations were observed in cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. Significantly lower potential female fecundity, larval numbers and population consumption were found in the second and third generations of cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. The integrative effect of higher larval mortality rate and lower adult fecundity resulted in significant decreases in potential population consumption in the latter two generations. The results show that elevated CO2 adversely affects cotton bolls quality, which indicates the potential population dynamics and potential population consumption of cotton bollworm will alleviate the harm to the plants in the future rising CO2 atmosphere.

侯外庐青年观的历史发展及其对新时代青年成长的启示

侯外庐青年观植根于中华民族优秀传统文化,又深受马克思主义的影响,伴随侯外庐在新民主主义革命时期、社会主义建设时期和改革开放后的实践活动不断深化,始终以爱国主义为主线。侯外庐青年观具有十分丰富的内涵,包括青年使命观、青年学习观和青年培养观,其核心要义在于怎样培养青年、培养什么样的青年以及青年如何通过学习练就过硬本领。新时代青年要以侯外庐青年观为借鉴,加强自我修炼,知行结合,完成“自修修人的本分任务”;有强烈的使命感,做到“个人与社会的统一”;继往开来,加强历史学习,以青年之力兴今日中国。

浓缩生长因子在创面修复及美容医学中的应用进展

浓缩生长因子是第三代的自体血小板浓缩物。它通过一系列技术手段,包括分离、浓缩和提取等步骤,从人体自身血液中获取,并可用于创伤修复和美容治疗。本文介绍了CGF的发展及其在创面修复和美容医学中的最新临床研究应用。同时,也强调了CGF作为单一或辅助治疗方式在创面修复和美容医学领域中的价值。最后,对CGF的研究应用提出了建设性的意见和展望。

邻体干扰效应对马尾松径向生长的影响

邻体干扰会影响植物个体生长和种群更新,进而影响群落演替。为探讨马尾松在群落演替过程中被常绿阔叶树种替代的机制,本研究选取马尾松为研究对象,分析不同径级马尾松径向生长量、养分含量、含水量对邻体干扰的响应。结果表明:(1)马尾松受到的种间干扰强度(540.62)要大于种内干扰强度(245.73),且种间干扰中木荷的干扰强度最大(267.04)。(2)邻体干扰抑制马尾松的径向生长,且对小径级个体的抑制作用更强,由弱干扰到强干扰,大径级马尾松近5年径向生长量由17.23 mm下降至8.79 mm,降幅为48.98%;小径级马尾松近5年径向生长量由22.16 mm下降至5.57 mm,降幅为78.46%。(3)邻体干扰会影响马尾松的水分和养分平衡,显著降低树干含水率,增加树干的全N含量;显著增加叶片的含水率、全N、全P含量。(4)马尾松径向生长量与树冠表面积、生长空间指数等显著正相关,与养分含量无显著相关性。马尾松的生长与更新主要受到木荷、湿地松带来的种间竞争和自身种内自疏作用的抑制,且小径级个体受到的抑制作用更强,这可能是马尾松被阔叶树种所取代的重要原因。

《麦田里的守望者》的青春书写及成长叙事

《麦田里的守望者》是塞林格的经典小说,小说讲述了一个青春期少年的内心挣扎和成长历程。故事围绕霍尔顿的内心独白展开,通过逃避责任、寻找自我身份等系列书写,向读者展示了特定时代背景下青年内心的纠结和迷茫,而这正是每个个体成长的必经之路。本文深度聚焦《麦田里的守望者》的青春书写及成长叙事,围绕守望者的叛逆、守望者的彷徨、守望者的救赎三个维度进行研究,深度解析主人公根植于时代的心路变革、迷茫簇拥下的流浪之旅、回归内心探寻生命意义的成长历程。

以伟大建党精神引领新时代青年成长成才

青年一代成长成才是关系党和人民事业兴旺发达、后继有人的大事。伟大建党精神蕴含着中国共产党成功的密钥,是青年成长成才的宝贵教育资源。新时代要弘扬伟大建党精神,引领青年成长成才。以“坚持真理、坚守理想”的精神夯实新时代青年的信仰之基,以“践行初心、担当使命”的精神增强新时代青年的责任之心,以“不怕牺牲、英勇斗争”的精神砥砺新时代青年的奋进之志,以“对党忠诚、不负人民”的精神筑牢新时代青年的政治之魂,从思想、目标、行动、品德四个方面引领新时代青年成长为社会主义合格建设者和可靠接班人。

伟大建党精神引领和培育新时代青年成长问题探究

伟大建党精神是中国共产党的精神之源,是党带领人民不断取得成功的精神密码。青年人是国之未来、民族之希望,也是伟大建党精神的重要缔造者和传承者。在世界多极化、主流意识形态面临巨大挑战的背景下,部分青年易受国内外不良思潮、不良风气的影响,出现理想信念动摇、不肯吃苦、不愿奋斗等问题。基于此,要以伟大建党精神引领新时代青年成长,使其成为有理想、敢担当、能吃苦、肯奋斗的新时代青年。

新时代大学生价值观主要特点及其培育路径

推进大学生价值观教育对于增强实现中华民族伟大复兴的精神力量、为全面建设社会主义现代化国家贡献青春之力具有重要意义。立足新时代伟大十年重要节点,基于对全国34所院校的万余名在校大学生的调研和实证分析,总结了大学生价值观的自我认识及其在政治认同、道德素养和成长成才上的总体特征,着重探讨开展价值观教育工作亟需关切的问题,并结合新时代新征程立德树人的要求,提出大学生价值观教育在凝聚政治共识、熔铸精神内核、培养时代新人方面的工作对策及建议。

向阳而生:精英高校寒门学子积极情感能力的生成机制研究——扎根理论的质性分析

为打破固有情感能力标签、促进不同类型学生更好发展,本研究采用扎根理论方法对19位精英高校寒门学子及7位相关当事人进行4轮深度访谈,系统探究了寒门学子积极情感能力生成机制。研究发现,寒门学子的情感能力表现因人而异,受到自我效能、外部激励、成长体验、成功愿景等多重因素共同影响,给寒门学子贴情感能力标签的做法并不可取;精英高校寒门学子积极情感能力的生成是一个系统复杂过程,包括萌发、成型和强化三个阶段;寒门境遇在学生积极情感能力塑造中具有独特价值,“穷人的孩子早当家”背后的积极情感能力塑造价值有待进一步深入挖掘。基于此,外部关键主体要引导寒门促成家庭文化资本与情感资本的转化,更加重视底层磨难的独特育人价值;各主体应打破既有出身的固化认知标签,完善不同类型学生发展分类指导机制,强化外部激励和支持;寒门学子应主动打破对自身阶层的刻板认知,自主积累自信自爱、健康向上的心理资本,提升成长过程中的自我效能感。

心理健康和大学生成长成才关系研究

大学生是国家未来发展的中坚力量,其心理健康问题备受关注。心理健康是身体健康的重要组成部分,是大学生成长成才的重要基础,对他们的学业、人际关系和就业发展等方面有重要的影响。保持良好的心理状态,对大学生具有极其重要的意义。这不仅有助于大学生更好地应对学习和生活中的各种压力,还能有效提升他们的学习效率与人际交往能力。此外,良好的心理状态对大学生的学业、人际关系的构建以及未来的就业发展等方面均将产生积极的推动作用,进而助力大学生顺利实现个人的发展目标。然而,在大学生成长的过程中,他们往往会遭遇学业压力、人际关系的处理以及激烈的就业竞争等多重挑战,在这些因素共同作用下,部分大学生可能出现心理健康问题。这些心理健康问题通常表现为焦虑、抑郁以及人际敏感等。因此,高校应加强心理健康教育,帮助学生正确应对心理问题,以促进他们全面发展和健康成长。

从《人生》《平凡的世界》到《山海情》——兼论中国农村题材电视剧“改革开放叙事”的嬗变

从《人生》《平凡的世界》到《山海情》,生动展现了大历史观下中国农村题材作品改革开放叙事的嬗变。基于比较视野对《山海情》“改革开放叙事”的艺术表达进行分析:城乡关系从“城乡交叉地带”的二元对立到城乡一体化的融合发展;时代使命赋能主人公的青年成长;女性作为典范为国家决胜脱贫攻坚树立精神写照。《山海情》为农村题材作品提供了“改革开放叙事”的范式,具有重要的借鉴意义。

RECENT DOMESTIC PROGRESS IN SPACE CRYSTALLIZATION OF PROTEINS

The advances of protein crystal growth in microgravity are limited by its low success rate of space crystallization experiments. Our recent efforts have concentrated on exploration of the ways to increase the success rate of the experiments.The corresponding studies include structural comparisons of space- and Earthgrown protein crystals, numerical simulations of solute transport in protein crystallizer, optimization of protein crystailization conditions and improvement of crystallization techniques used. These studies show that the success rate of space protein crystallization could be improved by different ways.