观察生长抑制和DNA损伤基因45(Growth arrest and DNA damage gene 45,GADD45)X射线照射后表达的改变,并研究其与照射剂量之间的关系。外周血给予0-5 GyX线照射后分离出单个核细胞并培养,在不同时间点上用反转录聚合酶链反应(Reverse tr...观察生长抑制和DNA损伤基因45(Growth arrest and DNA damage gene 45,GADD45)X射线照射后表达的改变,并研究其与照射剂量之间的关系。外周血给予0-5 GyX线照射后分离出单个核细胞并培养,在不同时间点上用反转录聚合酶链反应(Reverse transcriptase-Polymerase clain reaction,RT-PCR)的方法测定 GADD45基因的相对表达量,分析该基因的剂量、效应关系。照射后GADD45基因在转录水平表达呈剂量依赖性增加,照射后4h达峰值,以后开始下降,但在24h仍未恢复到初始水平。展开更多
目的:研究人生长阻滞和DNA损伤45α(growth arrest and DNA damage 45 alpha,Gadd45α)基因对滋养细胞HTR8/SVneo增殖、凋亡、迁移和侵袭等生物学功能的影响,探讨其在子痫前期(preeclampsia,PE)发生发展中的可能作用。方法:构建Gadd45...目的:研究人生长阻滞和DNA损伤45α(growth arrest and DNA damage 45 alpha,Gadd45α)基因对滋养细胞HTR8/SVneo增殖、凋亡、迁移和侵袭等生物学功能的影响,探讨其在子痫前期(preeclampsia,PE)发生发展中的可能作用。方法:构建Gadd45α短发夹干扰RNA,以阴性对照组作为参照,转染人滋养细胞HTR8/SVneo,即分为实验组(si-Gadd45α)和阴性对照组(si-NC)进行实验;应用流式细胞仪检测转染效率,并应用q RT-PCR和Western blot检测转染后各组细胞中Gadd45αm RNA和蛋白表达水平;采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium,MTT)显色法检测转染后各组细胞增殖能力;应用流式细胞仪对转染后各组细胞进行细胞凋亡分析;采用Transwell法检测转染后各组细胞迁移和侵袭能力;采用早孕绒毛外植体培养模型观察敲除Gadd45α基因后对绒毛外滋养细胞外生性迁移能力的影响;收集各组细胞培养上清液,明胶酶谱法检测基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinases,MMPs)的表达,蛋白免疫印迹检测基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子(tissue inhibitors of MMPs,TIMPs)的表达。结果:流式细胞仪检测转染效率约为90%;转染后实验组较对照组Gadd45αm RNA的表达量约降低80%,蛋白表达水平约下降70%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),证明干扰Gadd45α表达成功。MTT法和流式细胞仪检测细胞增殖和凋亡,结果显示实验组和对照组细胞增殖和凋亡均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。Transwell实验表明干扰Gadd45α后HTR8/SVneo侵袭能力明显增加,约为对照组的1.65倍;迁移能力也明显增加,约为对照组的2倍,均有统计学差异(P<0.01)。早孕绒毛外植体培养结果显示:与阴性对照组的绒毛相比,Gadd45α干扰片段处理的绒毛外滋养细胞外生性迁移的距离明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P=0.005)。明胶酶谱实验结果显示干扰Gadd45α后基质金属蛋白酶-2(matrix metalloproteinases,MMP-2)和MMP-9的活性增强,而Western blot检测发现其抑制因子TIMP-1和TIMP-2相应地下降(P<0.01)。结论:推测Gadd45α可能是通过调控蛋白酶的活性来抑制滋养细胞的迁移和侵袭,从而参与PE的发生发展。展开更多
目的:检测生长阻滞和DNA损伤诱导蛋白45g(growth arrest and DNA damage inducible protein 45g,GADD45g)基因在急性髓系白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)患者骨髓标本和细胞系中的表达情况及其表达水平与AML患者预后的关系,探究过表...目的:检测生长阻滞和DNA损伤诱导蛋白45g(growth arrest and DNA damage inducible protein 45g,GADD45g)基因在急性髓系白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)患者骨髓标本和细胞系中的表达情况及其表达水平与AML患者预后的关系,探究过表达GADD45g对AML细胞增殖、凋亡、衰老、周期、分化和药物敏感性的影响。方法:选取中国医学科学院血液病医院2013年1月至2016年12月初次诊断为AML患者的骨髓标本共27例,用Real-time PCR和Western blotting检测AML患者、正常对照骨髓单个核细胞以及AML细胞系中GADD45g mRNA和蛋白水平的表达情况。在两个相互独立的数据集GSE10358和GSE425-GPL317中分析GADD45g表达与AML患者的总生存率(overall survival,OS)和无事件生存率(event-free survival,EFS)的相关性。构建GADD45g过表达慢病毒并感染AML细胞系U937、THP-1和Molm-13,通过生长曲线、集落形成、β-半乳糖苷酶染色、流式细胞术分析Annexin V/7AAD染色和PI染色等方法分析GADD45g过表达对AML细胞增殖、克隆形成、衰老、凋亡、周期、分化和化疗药物敏感性的影响。结果:GADD45g在AML患者和AML细胞系中的表达水平显著低于正常对照(均P<0.01)。低表达GADD45g的AML患者的OS(P<0.05)和EFS较高表达患者显著缩短(均P<0.05)。在AML细胞系中过表达GADD45g能显著抑制细胞增殖、集落形成,显著促进细胞的凋亡、衰老、周期阻滞和分化,增强了细胞对化疗药物敏感性(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:GADD45g基因在AML患者骨髓组织和AML细胞系中低表达,对AML细胞系有显著的全方位的抑制作用,其表达水平对AML具有预后判断价值。展开更多
基因组完整性对于细胞和组织功能至关重要,这种稳态会不断地受到内源性和外源性应激刺激的影响。干细胞对这些应激刺激十分敏感,其DNA会发生不同程度的损伤,诱导干细胞内固有的DNA修复机制。组织特异性干细胞是局部环境中的多能群体,在...基因组完整性对于细胞和组织功能至关重要,这种稳态会不断地受到内源性和外源性应激刺激的影响。干细胞对这些应激刺激十分敏感,其DNA会发生不同程度的损伤,诱导干细胞内固有的DNA修复机制。组织特异性干细胞是局部环境中的多能群体,在其整个生命过程中负责维持组织或者系统的完整性。组织特异性干细胞在受到应激刺激之后,能通过某些反应修复损伤或激活程序性凋亡,从而减少由DNA损伤导致潜在的突变。生长停滞和DNA损伤诱导蛋白45α(growth arrest and DNA damage-45 alpha,Gadd45α)是细胞周期调控因子和生长抑制因子,其表达受到多种因素的调节,参与多种细胞DNA损伤反应。Gadd45α蛋白在组织特异性干细胞DNA损伤中发挥重要的作用。Gadd45α蛋白通过结合其他相关蛋白质控制细胞周期检测点、参与DNA修复和调控信号转导,是维持基因组稳定性的重要组成部分。该文综述了Gadd45α在胚胎干细胞、神经干细胞、造血干细胞、肠干细胞等干细胞DNA损伤中的作用以及涉及的信号通路,为进一步探讨Gadd45α在细胞中潜在的作用以及利用Gadd45α进行疾病治疗提供理论依据。展开更多
Both p21( WAF1/CIP1) and Gadd45 were activated in a p53-dependent manner in MCF-7 cells after being exposed to ionizing radiation. In order to investigate their roles in DNA damage surveillance, p21as/MCF-7 cells stab...Both p21( WAF1/CIP1) and Gadd45 were activated in a p53-dependent manner in MCF-7 cells after being exposed to ionizing radiation. In order to investigate their roles in DNA damage surveillance, p21as/MCF-7 cells stably transfected by p21 antisense expression plasmid pC-WAFl-AS and Gadd45as/MCF-7 stably transfected by Gadd45 antisense expression plasmid pCMVas45 were established. It was observed that G1 arrest induced by radiation was significantly reduced in Gadd45as/MCF-7 cells as well as in p21as/MCF-7 cells. Repair of radiation damaged report gene greatly reduced in Gadd45asMCF-7 and p21as/MCF-7 cells. Apoptosis significantly increased in p21as/MCF-7 after exposure to radiation. These results suggest that both p21 and Gadd45 support cellular survival by taking roles in G1 arrest and DNA repair, furthermore, p21 protects cells from death by inhibiting apoptosis after exposure to ionizing radiation.展开更多
The human Gadd45 protein family plays critical roles in DNA repair,negative growth control,genomic stability,cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis.Here we report the crystal structure of human Gadd45,revealing a unique...The human Gadd45 protein family plays critical roles in DNA repair,negative growth control,genomic stability,cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis.Here we report the crystal structure of human Gadd45,revealing a unique dimer formed via a bundle of four parallel helices,involving the most conserved residues among the Gadd45 isoforms.Mutational analysis of human Gadd45 identified a conserved,highly acidic patch in the central region of the dimer for interaction with the proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),p21 and cdc2,suggesting that the parallel dimer is the active form for the interaction.Cellular assays indicate that:(1)dimerization of Gadd45 is necessary for apoptosis as well as growth inhibition,and that cell growth inhibition is caused by both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis;(2)a conserved and highly acidic patch on the dimer surface,including the important residues Glu87 and Asp89,is a putative interface for binding proteins related to the cell cycle,DNA repair and apoptosis.These results reveal the mechanism of self-association by Gadd45 proteins and the importance of this self-association for their biological function.展开更多
文摘基因组完整性对于细胞和组织功能至关重要,这种稳态会不断地受到内源性和外源性应激刺激的影响。干细胞对这些应激刺激十分敏感,其DNA会发生不同程度的损伤,诱导干细胞内固有的DNA修复机制。组织特异性干细胞是局部环境中的多能群体,在其整个生命过程中负责维持组织或者系统的完整性。组织特异性干细胞在受到应激刺激之后,能通过某些反应修复损伤或激活程序性凋亡,从而减少由DNA损伤导致潜在的突变。生长停滞和DNA损伤诱导蛋白45α(growth arrest and DNA damage-45 alpha,Gadd45α)是细胞周期调控因子和生长抑制因子,其表达受到多种因素的调节,参与多种细胞DNA损伤反应。Gadd45α蛋白在组织特异性干细胞DNA损伤中发挥重要的作用。Gadd45α蛋白通过结合其他相关蛋白质控制细胞周期检测点、参与DNA修复和调控信号转导,是维持基因组稳定性的重要组成部分。该文综述了Gadd45α在胚胎干细胞、神经干细胞、造血干细胞、肠干细胞等干细胞DNA损伤中的作用以及涉及的信号通路,为进一步探讨Gadd45α在细胞中潜在的作用以及利用Gadd45α进行疾病治疗提供理论依据。
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 39700038).
文摘Both p21( WAF1/CIP1) and Gadd45 were activated in a p53-dependent manner in MCF-7 cells after being exposed to ionizing radiation. In order to investigate their roles in DNA damage surveillance, p21as/MCF-7 cells stably transfected by p21 antisense expression plasmid pC-WAFl-AS and Gadd45as/MCF-7 stably transfected by Gadd45 antisense expression plasmid pCMVas45 were established. It was observed that G1 arrest induced by radiation was significantly reduced in Gadd45as/MCF-7 cells as well as in p21as/MCF-7 cells. Repair of radiation damaged report gene greatly reduced in Gadd45asMCF-7 and p21as/MCF-7 cells. Apoptosis significantly increased in p21as/MCF-7 after exposure to radiation. These results suggest that both p21 and Gadd45 support cellular survival by taking roles in G1 arrest and DNA repair, furthermore, p21 protects cells from death by inhibiting apoptosis after exposure to ionizing radiation.
基金by the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)(Nos.2006CB806503,2007CB914301 and 2007CB914304)the National Programs for High Technology Research and Development Program(863 Program)(No.2006AA02A322)the National Major Project(Grant No.2009ZX10004-304).
文摘The human Gadd45 protein family plays critical roles in DNA repair,negative growth control,genomic stability,cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis.Here we report the crystal structure of human Gadd45,revealing a unique dimer formed via a bundle of four parallel helices,involving the most conserved residues among the Gadd45 isoforms.Mutational analysis of human Gadd45 identified a conserved,highly acidic patch in the central region of the dimer for interaction with the proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),p21 and cdc2,suggesting that the parallel dimer is the active form for the interaction.Cellular assays indicate that:(1)dimerization of Gadd45 is necessary for apoptosis as well as growth inhibition,and that cell growth inhibition is caused by both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis;(2)a conserved and highly acidic patch on the dimer surface,including the important residues Glu87 and Asp89,is a putative interface for binding proteins related to the cell cycle,DNA repair and apoptosis.These results reveal the mechanism of self-association by Gadd45 proteins and the importance of this self-association for their biological function.
