Skin-derived precursor Schwann cells have been reported to play a protective role in the central nervous system. The neuroprotective effects of skin-derived precursor Schwann cells may be attributable to the release o...Skin-derived precursor Schwann cells have been reported to play a protective role in the central nervous system. The neuroprotective effects of skin-derived precursor Schwann cells may be attributable to the release of growth factors that nourish host cells. In this study, we first established a cellular model of Parkinson’s disease using 6-hydroxydopamine. When SH-SY5 Y cells were pretreated with conditioned medium from skin-derived precursor Schwann cells, their activity was greatly increased. The addition of insulin-like growth factor-2 neutralizing antibody markedly attenuated the neuroprotective effects of skin-derived precursor Schwann cells. We also found that insulin-like growth factor-2 levels in the peripheral blood were greatly increased in patients with Parkinson’s disease and in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Next, we pretreated cell models of Parkinson’s disease with insulin-like growth factor-2 and administered insulin-like growth factor-2 intranasally to a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease induced by 6-hydroxydopamine and found that the level of tyrosine hydroxylase, a marker of dopamine neurons, was markedly restored, α-synuclein aggregation decreased, and insulin-like growth factor-2 receptor downregulation was alleviated. Finally, in vitro experiments showed that insulin-like growth factor-2 activated the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3 K)/AKT pathway. These findings suggest that the neuroprotective effects of skin-derived precursor Schwann cells on the central nervous system were achieved through insulinlike growth factor-2, and that insulin-like growth factor-2 may play a neuroprotective role through the insulin-like growth factor-2 receptor/PI3 K/AKT pathway. Therefore, insulin-like growth factor-2 may be an useful target for Parkinson’s disease treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUND Growth arrest-specific gene 2(GAS2)plays a role in modulating in reversible growth arrest cell cycle,apoptosis,and cell survival.GAS2 protein is universally expressed in most normal tissues,particularly in ...BACKGROUND Growth arrest-specific gene 2(GAS2)plays a role in modulating in reversible growth arrest cell cycle,apoptosis,and cell survival.GAS2 protein is universally expressed in most normal tissues,particularly in the liver,but is depleted in some tumor tissues.However,the functional mechanisms of GAS2 in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)are not fully defined.AIM To investigate the function and mechanism of GAS2 in HCC.METHODS GAS2 expression in clinic liver and HCC specimens was analyzed by real-time PCR and western blotting.Cell proliferation was analyzed by counting,MTS,and colony formation assays.Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry.Cell apoptosis was investigated by Annexin V apoptosis assay and western blotting.RESULTS GAS2 protein expression was lower in HCC than in normal tissues.Overexpression of GAS2 inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells with wide-type p53,while knockdown of GAS2 promoted the proliferation of hepatocytes(P<0.05).Furthermore,GAS2 overexpression impeded the G1-to-S cell cycle transition and arrested more G1 cells,particularly the elevation of sub G1(P<0.01).Apoptosis induced by GAS2 was dependent on p53,which was increased by etoposide addition.The expression of p53 and apoptosis markers was further enhanced when GAS2 was upregulated,but became diminished upon downregulation of GAS2.In the clinic specimen,GAS2 was downregulated in more than 60%of HCCs.The average fold changes of GAS2 expression in tumor tissues were significantly lower than those in paired non-tumor tissues(P<0.05).CONCLUSION GAS2 plays a vital role in HCC cell proliferation and apoptosis,possibly by regulating the cell cycle and p53-dependent apoptosis pathway.展开更多
目的探讨微小RNA-370-3p(miR-370-3p)和低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白6(LRP6)对胎儿生长受限(FGR)孕妇的临床诊断价值。方法选取2020年6月—2022年6月期间产检并确诊为FGR的孕妇96例为观察组,另选取同期产检的健康孕妇96例作为对照组,记录...目的探讨微小RNA-370-3p(miR-370-3p)和低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白6(LRP6)对胎儿生长受限(FGR)孕妇的临床诊断价值。方法选取2020年6月—2022年6月期间产检并确诊为FGR的孕妇96例为观察组,另选取同期产检的健康孕妇96例作为对照组,记录两组分娩孕周、1 min Apgar评分、5 min Apgar评分、新生儿体重、胎盘质量,依据美国妇产科学院(ACOG)标准将观察组划分为FGR组、严重FGR组。qRT-PCR法检测血清miR-370-3p和LRP6 mRNA表达水平;血清miR-370-3p和LRP6 mRNA水平与分娩孕周、1 min Apgar评分、5 min Apgar评分、新生儿体重、胎盘质量的相关性采用Pearson法分析;miR-370-3p和LRP6 mRNA对FGR的诊断价值采用ROC曲线评估。结果两组孕妇年龄、分娩孕周、是否初产的比例差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组miR-370-3p显著高于对照组,LRP6显著低于对照组(P<0.05);严重FGR组miR-370-3p显著高于FGR组,LRP6显著低于FGR组(P<0.05);对照组与观察组新生儿体重、1 min Apgar评分、5 min Apgar评分及胎盘质量之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);miR-370-3p与LRP6之间呈负相关(r=-0.692,P<0.05),miR-370-3p与分娩孕周、新生儿体重、1 min Apgar评分、5 min Apgar评分、胎盘质量均呈负相关(r=-0.401、-0.382、-0.425、-0.484、-0.504,均P<0.05),LRP6与分娩孕周、新生儿体重、1 min Apgar评分、5 min Apgar评分、胎盘质量均呈正相关(r=0.306、0.412、0.512、0.612、0.419,均P<0.05);ROC曲线显示,miR-370-3p对FGR诊断的AUC为0.877(95%CI:0.821~0.919),截断值为1.40,其敏感度、特异性分别为67.71%、93.75%;LRP6对FGR诊断的AUC为0.838(95%CI:0.778~0.887),截断值为0.83,其敏感度、特异性分别为84.37%、71.87%;二者联合对FGR诊断的AUC为0.923(95%CI:0.875~0.956),明显高于二者单独诊断(Z联合vs miR-370-3P=2.811、P=0.005;Z联合vs LRP6=3.372、P=0.001),其敏感度、特异性分别为85.42%、87.50%。结论FGR患者血清miR-370-3p高表达、LRP6低表达,二者联合对FGR具有一定诊断价值。展开更多
BACKGROUND N6-methyladenosine(m6A)methylation modification exists in Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)primary infection,latency,and lytic reactivation.It also modifies EBV latent genes and lytic genes.EBV-associated gastric can...BACKGROUND N6-methyladenosine(m6A)methylation modification exists in Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)primary infection,latency,and lytic reactivation.It also modifies EBV latent genes and lytic genes.EBV-associated gastric cancer(EBVaGC)is a distinctive molecular subtype of GC.We hypothesized EBV and m6A methylation regulators interact with each other in EBVaGC to differentiate it from other types of GC.AIM To investigate the mechanisms of m6A methylation regulators in EBVaGC to determine the differentiating factors from other types of GC.METHODS First,The Cancer Gene Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases were used to analyze the expression pattern of m6A methylation regulators between EBVaGC and EBV-negative GC(EBVnGC).Second,we identified Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)functional enrichment of m6A-related differentially expressed genes.We quantified the relative abundance of immune cells and inflammatory factors in the tumor microenvironment(TME).Finally,cell counting kit-8 cell proliferation test,transwell test,and flow cytometry were used to verify the effect of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1(IGFBP1)in EBVaGC cell lines.RESULTS m6A methylation regulators were involved in the occurrence and development of EBVaGC.Compared with EBVnGC,the expression levels of m6A methylation regulators Wilms tumor 1-associated protein,RNA binding motif protein 15B,CBL proto-oncogene like 1,leucine rich pentatricopeptide repeat containing,heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1,IGFBP1,and insulin-like growth factor 2 binding protein 1 were significantly downregulated in EBVaGC(P<0.05).The overall survival rate of EBVaGC patients with a lower expression level of IGFBP1 was significantly higher(P=0.046).GO and KEGG functional enrichment analyses showed that the immunity pathways were significantly activated and rich in immune cell infiltration in EBVaGC.Compared with EBVnGC,the infiltration of activated CD4+T cells,activated CD8+T cells,monocytes,activated dendritic cells,and plasmacytoid dendritic cells were significantly upregulated in EBVaGC(P<0.001).In EBVaGC,the expression level of proinflammatory factors interleukin(IL)-17,IL-21,and interferon-γ and immunosuppressive factor IL-10 were significantly increased(P<0.05).In vitro experiments demonstrated that the expression level of IGFBP1 was significantly lower in an EBVaGC cell line(SNU719)than in an EBVnGC cell line(AGS)(P<0.05).IGFBP1 overexpression significantly attenuated proliferation and migration and promoted the apoptosis levels in SNU719.Interfering IGFBP1 significantly promoted proliferation and migration and attenuated the apoptosis levels in AGS.CONCLUSION m6A regulators could remodel the TME of EBVaGC,which is classified as an immune-inflamed phenotype and referred to as a“hot”tumor.Among these regulators,we demonstrated that IGFBP1 affected proliferation,migration,and apoptosis.展开更多
文摘胎儿生长受限(fetal growth restriction,FGR)是一种常见的产科疾病,其可导致新生儿低出生体质量和出生后肌肉量减少。这可能与肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)的调控密切相关。研究发现,这两种炎症因子在FGR胎儿中表达水平异常,可通过影响成肌细胞的增殖和分化,干扰正常骨骼肌的发育。此外,TNF-α与IL-6还可以激活特定的信号通路,如核因子κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)、Janus激酶/信号转导及转录活化因子(Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription,JAK/STAT)、丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)等信号通路,调节肌细胞的代谢和功能。如使用特定的抗炎药物或生物制剂来降低TNF-α和IL-6的活性,可能有助于改善FGR胎儿的骨骼肌发育。总的来说,TNF-α和IL-6在FGR胎儿骨骼肌发育中的作用是一个多层面、复杂的过程,需要进一步的深入研究来阐明其具体机制,帮助理解FGR的病理生理学,并为治疗FGR胎儿提供新的思路。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos. 81873742 (to KFK), 81901195 (to JBS)Nantong Technology Project,Nos. JC2020052 (to XSG),JCZ19087 (to XSG)。
文摘Skin-derived precursor Schwann cells have been reported to play a protective role in the central nervous system. The neuroprotective effects of skin-derived precursor Schwann cells may be attributable to the release of growth factors that nourish host cells. In this study, we first established a cellular model of Parkinson’s disease using 6-hydroxydopamine. When SH-SY5 Y cells were pretreated with conditioned medium from skin-derived precursor Schwann cells, their activity was greatly increased. The addition of insulin-like growth factor-2 neutralizing antibody markedly attenuated the neuroprotective effects of skin-derived precursor Schwann cells. We also found that insulin-like growth factor-2 levels in the peripheral blood were greatly increased in patients with Parkinson’s disease and in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Next, we pretreated cell models of Parkinson’s disease with insulin-like growth factor-2 and administered insulin-like growth factor-2 intranasally to a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease induced by 6-hydroxydopamine and found that the level of tyrosine hydroxylase, a marker of dopamine neurons, was markedly restored, α-synuclein aggregation decreased, and insulin-like growth factor-2 receptor downregulation was alleviated. Finally, in vitro experiments showed that insulin-like growth factor-2 activated the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3 K)/AKT pathway. These findings suggest that the neuroprotective effects of skin-derived precursor Schwann cells on the central nervous system were achieved through insulinlike growth factor-2, and that insulin-like growth factor-2 may play a neuroprotective role through the insulin-like growth factor-2 receptor/PI3 K/AKT pathway. Therefore, insulin-like growth factor-2 may be an useful target for Parkinson’s disease treatment.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81702777Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.2015A030310053
文摘BACKGROUND Growth arrest-specific gene 2(GAS2)plays a role in modulating in reversible growth arrest cell cycle,apoptosis,and cell survival.GAS2 protein is universally expressed in most normal tissues,particularly in the liver,but is depleted in some tumor tissues.However,the functional mechanisms of GAS2 in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)are not fully defined.AIM To investigate the function and mechanism of GAS2 in HCC.METHODS GAS2 expression in clinic liver and HCC specimens was analyzed by real-time PCR and western blotting.Cell proliferation was analyzed by counting,MTS,and colony formation assays.Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry.Cell apoptosis was investigated by Annexin V apoptosis assay and western blotting.RESULTS GAS2 protein expression was lower in HCC than in normal tissues.Overexpression of GAS2 inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells with wide-type p53,while knockdown of GAS2 promoted the proliferation of hepatocytes(P<0.05).Furthermore,GAS2 overexpression impeded the G1-to-S cell cycle transition and arrested more G1 cells,particularly the elevation of sub G1(P<0.01).Apoptosis induced by GAS2 was dependent on p53,which was increased by etoposide addition.The expression of p53 and apoptosis markers was further enhanced when GAS2 was upregulated,but became diminished upon downregulation of GAS2.In the clinic specimen,GAS2 was downregulated in more than 60%of HCCs.The average fold changes of GAS2 expression in tumor tissues were significantly lower than those in paired non-tumor tissues(P<0.05).CONCLUSION GAS2 plays a vital role in HCC cell proliferation and apoptosis,possibly by regulating the cell cycle and p53-dependent apoptosis pathway.
文摘目的探讨微小RNA-370-3p(miR-370-3p)和低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白6(LRP6)对胎儿生长受限(FGR)孕妇的临床诊断价值。方法选取2020年6月—2022年6月期间产检并确诊为FGR的孕妇96例为观察组,另选取同期产检的健康孕妇96例作为对照组,记录两组分娩孕周、1 min Apgar评分、5 min Apgar评分、新生儿体重、胎盘质量,依据美国妇产科学院(ACOG)标准将观察组划分为FGR组、严重FGR组。qRT-PCR法检测血清miR-370-3p和LRP6 mRNA表达水平;血清miR-370-3p和LRP6 mRNA水平与分娩孕周、1 min Apgar评分、5 min Apgar评分、新生儿体重、胎盘质量的相关性采用Pearson法分析;miR-370-3p和LRP6 mRNA对FGR的诊断价值采用ROC曲线评估。结果两组孕妇年龄、分娩孕周、是否初产的比例差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组miR-370-3p显著高于对照组,LRP6显著低于对照组(P<0.05);严重FGR组miR-370-3p显著高于FGR组,LRP6显著低于FGR组(P<0.05);对照组与观察组新生儿体重、1 min Apgar评分、5 min Apgar评分及胎盘质量之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);miR-370-3p与LRP6之间呈负相关(r=-0.692,P<0.05),miR-370-3p与分娩孕周、新生儿体重、1 min Apgar评分、5 min Apgar评分、胎盘质量均呈负相关(r=-0.401、-0.382、-0.425、-0.484、-0.504,均P<0.05),LRP6与分娩孕周、新生儿体重、1 min Apgar评分、5 min Apgar评分、胎盘质量均呈正相关(r=0.306、0.412、0.512、0.612、0.419,均P<0.05);ROC曲线显示,miR-370-3p对FGR诊断的AUC为0.877(95%CI:0.821~0.919),截断值为1.40,其敏感度、特异性分别为67.71%、93.75%;LRP6对FGR诊断的AUC为0.838(95%CI:0.778~0.887),截断值为0.83,其敏感度、特异性分别为84.37%、71.87%;二者联合对FGR诊断的AUC为0.923(95%CI:0.875~0.956),明显高于二者单独诊断(Z联合vs miR-370-3P=2.811、P=0.005;Z联合vs LRP6=3.372、P=0.001),其敏感度、特异性分别为85.42%、87.50%。结论FGR患者血清miR-370-3p高表达、LRP6低表达,二者联合对FGR具有一定诊断价值。
基金Supported by the Sub-Project of the National Key Research and Development Program,No.2021YFC2600263.
文摘BACKGROUND N6-methyladenosine(m6A)methylation modification exists in Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)primary infection,latency,and lytic reactivation.It also modifies EBV latent genes and lytic genes.EBV-associated gastric cancer(EBVaGC)is a distinctive molecular subtype of GC.We hypothesized EBV and m6A methylation regulators interact with each other in EBVaGC to differentiate it from other types of GC.AIM To investigate the mechanisms of m6A methylation regulators in EBVaGC to determine the differentiating factors from other types of GC.METHODS First,The Cancer Gene Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases were used to analyze the expression pattern of m6A methylation regulators between EBVaGC and EBV-negative GC(EBVnGC).Second,we identified Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)functional enrichment of m6A-related differentially expressed genes.We quantified the relative abundance of immune cells and inflammatory factors in the tumor microenvironment(TME).Finally,cell counting kit-8 cell proliferation test,transwell test,and flow cytometry were used to verify the effect of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1(IGFBP1)in EBVaGC cell lines.RESULTS m6A methylation regulators were involved in the occurrence and development of EBVaGC.Compared with EBVnGC,the expression levels of m6A methylation regulators Wilms tumor 1-associated protein,RNA binding motif protein 15B,CBL proto-oncogene like 1,leucine rich pentatricopeptide repeat containing,heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1,IGFBP1,and insulin-like growth factor 2 binding protein 1 were significantly downregulated in EBVaGC(P<0.05).The overall survival rate of EBVaGC patients with a lower expression level of IGFBP1 was significantly higher(P=0.046).GO and KEGG functional enrichment analyses showed that the immunity pathways were significantly activated and rich in immune cell infiltration in EBVaGC.Compared with EBVnGC,the infiltration of activated CD4+T cells,activated CD8+T cells,monocytes,activated dendritic cells,and plasmacytoid dendritic cells were significantly upregulated in EBVaGC(P<0.001).In EBVaGC,the expression level of proinflammatory factors interleukin(IL)-17,IL-21,and interferon-γ and immunosuppressive factor IL-10 were significantly increased(P<0.05).In vitro experiments demonstrated that the expression level of IGFBP1 was significantly lower in an EBVaGC cell line(SNU719)than in an EBVnGC cell line(AGS)(P<0.05).IGFBP1 overexpression significantly attenuated proliferation and migration and promoted the apoptosis levels in SNU719.Interfering IGFBP1 significantly promoted proliferation and migration and attenuated the apoptosis levels in AGS.CONCLUSION m6A regulators could remodel the TME of EBVaGC,which is classified as an immune-inflamed phenotype and referred to as a“hot”tumor.Among these regulators,we demonstrated that IGFBP1 affected proliferation,migration,and apoptosis.
