Growth Differentiation Factor-9 Gene Expression of Mice Oocytes in Vitro and in Vivo

Mice preantral follicles were cultured in vitro for 12 days to achieve metaphase Ⅱ （M Ⅱ ） oocytes. Oocyte growth differentiation factor-9 （GDF-9） gene expression was measured during different growth stages to explore the relationship between oocyte maturation and GDF-9 gene expression. Preantral follicles of lO-day old mice were isolated from the ovaries and were cultured for 12 days. Oocytes from day 2 （D2）, D4, D6, D8, DIO, D12 cultured in vitro were named the in vitro group and oocytes of day 12 （D12）, D14, D16, D18, D20, D22 grown in vivo were named the in vivo group. Follicle survival, antrum formation and maturation rate were 89.5%, 51.8% and 56.6% respectively in follicles cultured in vitro. After RT-PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis, relative mRNA abundance of GDF-9 was measured in each group of oocytes. At day 8 - 12, the GDF-9 gene expression level of oocytes in vitro was significantly lower than that in vivo （P 〈 0.05）. We conclude that M Ⅱ oocytes can be obtained from in vitro culture of preantral follicles. The GDF- 9 gene expression of oocytes varies at different growth stages in vivo. The low expression of GDF-9 in oocytes cuhured in vitro may be the cause of their low developmental capacity.

Effect of soothing liver therapy on oocyte quality and growth differentiation factor-9 in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of Soothing liver therapy on infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET)and to explore its mechanism.METHODS:Fifty-eight women with tubal infertility were randomized into two groups:30 in an experimental group treated with Xiaoyao powder(Shugan)plus gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog(GnRHa)/follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)/human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG)and 28 in the control group who were treated with GnRHa/FSH/hCG only.The total gonadotropin(Gn)doses required,endometrial thickness,oocyte numbers,high quality embryo production rate and pregnancy rate of the two groups were compared.The concentration of growth differentiation factor-9(GDF-9)in follicular fluid was detected by western blotting and the expression of GDF-9 mRNA in granulosa cells was measured using reverse tran-scription-polymerase chain reaction amplification.RESULTS:In the experimental group,the Gn dose was significantly lower than that in the control group;the endometrial thickness,high quality embryo production and pregnancy rates were significantly higher and the expression of GDF-9 mRNA was also significantly higher than in the control group(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Shugan treatment can improve the pregnancy rate of women with tubal infertility;its mechanism is possibly related to the increased expression of GDF-9 in granulosa cells.

Correlation between growth differentiation factor-15 and collagen metabolism indicators in patients with myocardial infarction and heart failure

BackgroundGrowth differentiation factor （GDF）-15, a divergent member of the transforming growth factor beta super-family does appear to be up-regulated in response to experimental pressure overload and progression of heart failure （HF）. HF frequently develops after myocardial infarction （MI）, contributing to worse outcome. The aim of this study is to assess the correlation between GDF-15 levels and markers related to collagen turnover in different stages of HF.MethodsThe study consists of a cohort of 179 patients, including stable angina pectoris patients （AP group,n= 50）, old MI patients without HF （OMI group,n = 56）, old MI patients with HF （OMI-HF group,n= 38） and normal Control group （n = 35）. Both indicators reflecting the synthesis and degradation rates of collagen including precollagen I N-terminal peptide （PINP）, type I collagen carboxy-terminal peptide （ICTP）, precollagen III N-terminal peptide （PIIINP） and GDF-15 were measured using an enzyme-linked inmunosorbent assay.ResultsThe plasma GDF-15 level was higher in OMI-HF group （1373.4 ± 275.4 ng/L） than OMI group （1036.1 ± 248.6 ng/L）, AP group （784.6 ± 222.4 ng/L） and Control group （483.8 ± 186.4 ng/L） （P〈 0.001）. The indi-cators of collagen turnover （ICTP, PINP, PIIINP） all increased in the OMI-HF group compared with Control group （3.03 ± 1.02μg/Lvs. 2.08 ± 0.95μg/L, 22.2 ± 6.6μg/Lvs. 16.7 ± 5.1μg/L and 13.2 ± 7.9μg/Lvs. 6.4 ± 2.1μg/L, respectively;P〈 0.01）. GDF-15 positively cor-related with ICTP and PIIINP （r = 0.302,P〈 0.001 andr= 0.206,P= 0.006, respectively）. GDF-15 positively correlated to the echocardio-graphic diastolic indicators E/Em and left atrial pressure （r= 0.349 and r= 0.358, respectively;P〈 0.01）, and inversely correlated to the systolic indicators left ventricular ejection fraction and the average of peak systolic myocardial velocities （Sm） （r=-0.623 and r=-0.365, respectively;P〈 0.01）.ConclusionPlasma GDF-15 is associated with the indicators of type I and III collagen turnover.

Porcine growth differentiation factor 9 gene polymorphisms and their associations with litter size

Growth differentiation factor 9 （GDF9） is expressed in oocytes and is thought to be required for ovarian folliculogenesis. Given this function, GDF9 may be considered as a candidate gene controlling pig ovulate rate. In this study, the complete coding sequence was cloned （encoding a 444 amino acid）, intron sequence and partial 5＇-UTR of pig GDF9. RT-PCR results showed that GDF9 mRNA is expressed in a wide range of tissues of the ruttish Erhualian pig. The expression levels of GDF9 mRNA in pituitary, ovary, uterus and oviduct are higher in the Erhualian pigs than those in Duroc pigs, especially in pituitary with a significant difference （P 〈 0.05）. Comparative sequencing revealed 12 polymorphisms, including 8 single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） and one 314 bp indel in noncoding regions, and the other 3 SNPs in coding regions. Four polymorphisms, G359C, C1801T, T1806C and 314 bp indel, were developed as markers for further use in population variation and association studies. The G359C polymorphism segregates only in Chinese native pigs, Erhualian and Dahuabai, on the contrary, 314 bp indel segregates only in Duroc and Landrace. C1801T and T1806C sites seem to be completely linked and segregate in Erhualian, Dahuabai and Landrace. In a word, GDF9 may be not associated with pig litter size in extensive populations as per the studies of allele distributions of the four polymorphisms and pilot association in four breeds.

Growth differentiation factor-15 is a prognostic marker in patients with intermediate coronary artery disease

Background Growth differentiation factor-15(GDF-15)is involved in multiple processes that are associated with coronary artery disease(CAD).However,little is known about the association between GDF-15 and the future ischemic events in patients with intermediate CAD.This study was conducted to investigate whether plasma GDF-15 constituted risk biomarkers for future cardiovascular events in patients with intermediate CAD.Methods A prospective study was performed based on 541 patients with intermediate CAD(20%–70%).GDF-15 of each patient was determined in a blinded manner.The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac event(MACE),which was defined as a composite of all-cause death,nonfatal myocardial infarction,revascularization and readmission due to angina pectoris.Results After a median follow-up of 64 months,504 patients(93.2%)completed the follow-up.Overall,the combined endpoint of MACE appeared in 134 patients(26.6%)in the overall population:26 patients died,11 patients suffered a nonfatal myocardial infarction,51 patients underwent revascularization,and 46 patients were readmitted for angina pectoris.The plasma levels of GDF-15(median:1172.02 vs.965.25 pg/m L,P=0.014)were higher in patients with ischemic events than those without events.After adjusting for traditional risk factors,higher GDF-15 levels were significantly associated with higher incidence of the composite endpoint of MACE(HR=1.244,95%CI:1.048–1.478,Quartile 4 vs.Quartile 1,P=0.013).Conclusions The higher level of GDF-15 was an independent predictor of long-term adverse cardiovascular events in patients with intermediate CAD.

GROWTH DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR-5 STIMULATES THE GROWTH AND ANABOLIC METABOLISM OF ARTICULAR CHONDROCYTES

Objective To observe the effect of growth differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) on the growth and anabolic metabolism of articular chondrocytes. Methods The articular chondrocytes isolated from rats were treated with various concentrations of rmGDF-5, and the growth of chondrocytes measured by MTT assay, the cellular cartilage matrices formation detected sulfated glycosaminoglycan by Alcian blue staining and type Ⅱcollagen by RT-PCR. Results After 7 days culture, MTT assay showed that GDF-5 enhanced the growth of chondrocytes in a dose-dependent manner, RT-PCR showed that GDF-5 clearly induced the synthesis of type Ⅱ collagen because of the col2a1 mRNA band more and more strong in a dose-dependent. Chondrocytes were cultured with GDF-5 for 14 days, the intensity of Alcian blue staining was greatly enhanced, especially, at a high concentration of 1000ng/mL, and GDF-5 enhanced the accumulation of the Alcian blue-stainable material in a concentration-dependent manner and in a does-dependent manner. Conclusion GDF-5 enhanced the growth of mature articular chondrocytes, and stimulated the cellular cartilage matrices formation in mono-layer culture.

仿生电刺激联合人工周期对卵巢储备功能减退患者子宫容受性及血清生长分化因子-9、抑制素B、骨形态发生蛋白-10水平的影响

目的探讨仿生电刺激联合人工周期对卵巢储备功能减退(DOR)患者子宫容受性及血清生长分化因子-9(GDF-9)、抑制素B(INHB)、骨形态发生蛋白-10(BMP-10)水平的影响。方法选取2019年1月至2022年3月广西壮族自治区妇幼保健院收治的87例DOR患者作为研究对象。采用随机数字表法分为A组、B组、C组,每组29例。A组采用仿生电刺激治疗,B组采用人工周期治疗,C组采用仿生电刺激联合人工周期治疗。比较三组治疗前后子宫容受性,血清GDF-9、INHB、BMP-10水平,子宫内膜血流参数及卵巢体积;随访1年,比较三组的妊娠情况;比较三组治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果与治疗前比较,治疗后A组、B组、C组初级卵泡数、优势卵泡数、排卵数及血清GDF-9、INHB、BMP-10水平均升高,卵巢体积均增大,且A组、B组、C组呈增高趋势(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗后A组、B组、C组子宫内膜血流搏动指数(PI)、子宫内膜血流阻力指数(RI)均减小,且A组、B组、C组呈下降趋势(P<0.05)。随访1年,C组妊娠率高于A组、B组(P<0.05)。治疗期间,三组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论仿生电刺激联合人工周期可提高DOR患者子宫容受性,改善子宫内膜血流参数及卵巢体积,也可改善血清GDF-9、INHB、BMP-10水平,提高自然妊娠率,且安全性好。

Identification of cytokines involved in hepatic differentiation of mBM-MSCs under liver-injury conditions

AIM: To identify the key cytokines involved in hepatic differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBM-MSCs) under liver-injury conditions. METHODS: Abdominal injection of CCl4 was adopted to duplicate a mouse acute liver injury model. Global gene expression analysis was performed to evaluate the potential genes involved in hepatic commitment under liver-injury conditions. The cytokines involved in hepatic differentiation of mBM-MSCs was function-ally examined by depletion experiment using specifi c antibodies, followed by rescue experiment and direct inducing assay. The hepatic differentiation was characterized by the expression of hepatic lineage genes and proteins, as well as functional features. RESULTS: Cytokines potentially participating in hepatic fate commitment under liver-injury conditions were initially measured by microarray. Among the up-regulated genes determined, 18 cytokines known to closely relate to liver growth, repair and development, were selected for further identif ication. The f ibroblast growth factor-4 (FGF-4), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and oncostatin M (OSM) were fi nally found to be involved in hepatic differentiation of mBM-MSCs under liver-injury conditions. Hepatic differentiation could be dramatically decreased after removing FGF-4, HGF and OSM from the liver-injury conditioned medium, and could be rescued by supplementing these cytokines. The FGF-4, HGF and OSM play different roles in the hepatic differentiation of mBM-MSCs, in which FGF-4 and HGF are essential for the initiation of hepatic differentiation, while OSM is critical for the maturation of hepatocytes. CONCLUSION: FGF-4, HGF and OSM are the key cytokines involved in the liver-injury conditioned medium for the hepatic differentiation of mBM-MSCs.

BMP-4 induced proliferation and oriented differentiation of rat hepatic oval cells into hepatocytes

Objective:To explore the role of bone morphogenetic protein 4(BMP-4) in hepatic progenitor cells(HPCs).Methods:The effect of BMP-4 on rat hepatic oval cells was examined by using the WB-F344 rat hepatocytic epithelial stem-cell-like cell line.This hepatocytic cell line could exert various hepatocytc functions including the secretion of albumin and urea.Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the effects of BMP-4 and its antagonist,Noggin,on the proliferation and differentiation of these cells,cellular uptake and excretion of indocyanine green,the periodic acid-schiff(PAS) assay for glycogen storage and the expression of hepatic markers.Results:Our results showed for the first time that BMP-4 may acted as a potential inducer of hepatic differentiation in rat hepatic oval cells.Conclusions:This cell source offers a much-needed attractive and expandable source for future investigations of drug screening,stem cell technologies and cellular transplantation,in a society with increasing levels of liver disease and damage.

经后增殖方含药血清对超排卵大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞GDF9表达及凋亡的调控机制

【目的】观察益气血法经后增殖方含药血清对超排卵大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞生长分化因子9(GDF9)表达及凋亡的调控机制。【方法】制备超排卵大鼠血清(空白血清)和经后增殖方灌胃的超排卵大鼠血清(含药血清)。建立控制性超排卵(COH)大鼠模型,收集卵巢颗粒细胞。实验分为5组:空白血清组,含药血清组,含药血清+SB203580[p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)抑制剂]组,含药血清+PDTC[核转录因子κB(NF-κB)抑制剂]组,含药血清+SB203580+PDTC组。采用实时定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)法检测p38MAPK、酪蛋白激酶2(CK2)、核转录因子κB抑制因子α(IκBα)、NF-κB、GDF9 mRNA表达水平,蛋白免疫印迹(Western Blot)法检测GDF9蛋白表达水平,脱氧核糖核苷酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)检测卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡。【结果】经后增殖方含药血清降低COH大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞的p38MAPK和NF-κB mRNA表达,升高CK2和IκBαmRNA表达,提高GDF9 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平,降低卵巢颗粒细胞的凋亡率。单独添加p38MAPK抑制剂SB203580与单独添加NF-κB抑制剂PDTC均能促进GDF9 mRNA和蛋白表达、降低卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡率。【结论】益气血法经后增殖方含药血清可促进超排卵大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞GDF9表达,抑制卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡,其机制可能与调控p38MAPK和NF-κB双信号通路基因表达有关。

Effect of the gap junction blocker 1-heptanol on chondrogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro

Objective：To investigate the effect of the gap junction blocker 1-heptanol on the in vitro chondrogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells（MSCs） following induction by GDF-5. Methods：MSCs were isolated from mouse bone marrow and cultured in vitro. After 3 passages cells were induced to undergo chondrogenic differentiation with recombinant human GDF-5（100 ng/ml）, with or without 1-heptanol（2.5 la mol/L）. The effect of 1-heptanol on MSCs proliferation was investigated using the MTT assay. Type II collagen mRNA and protein were examined by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry respectively, and the sulfate glycosaminoglycan was assessed by Alcian blue dye staining. Connexin43（Cx43） protein was examined by western blotting. Results：GDF-5 induced proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. While 1-heptanol treatment had no effect on this proliferation, it inhibited the expression of both type II collagen mRNA and protein. The Alcian blue staining revealed that 1-heptanol also inhibited the deposition of the typical cartilage extracellular matrix promoted by recombinant GDF-5. Western blotting demonstrated that 1-heptanol had no effect on the expression of Cx43. Conclusion：These results suggest that mouse bone marrow MSCs can be differentiated into a chondrogenic phenotype by GDF- 5 administration in vitro. While the gap junction blocker, 1-heptanol, did not reduce gap junction Cx43, these intercellular communication pathways clearly played an important functional role in GDF-5-induced cartilage differentiation.

血清骨形态发生蛋白9与生长分化因子15水平在脓毒症诊断及预后评估中的价值

目的:探讨血清骨形态发生蛋白9(BMP9)与生长分化因子15(GDF15)表达在脓毒症诊断和预后评估中的价值。方法:收集脓毒症患者30例作为脓毒症组,非脓毒症重症患者31例为非脓毒症组,同期体检的健康成人23例为对照组。追踪随访脓毒症组患者28d转归,分为存活组16例和死亡组14例。分析比较3组一般资料、临床指标及血清BMP9与GDF15水平。采用Logistic回归分析脓毒症发病及预后的危险因素。通过受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)的曲线下面积(AUC)评估血BMP9及GDF15在脓毒症诊断及预后预测中的价值。结果:与非脓毒症组和对照组比较,脓毒症组血清BMP9表达明显增高(P均<0.05)。与对照组比较,脓毒症组血清GDF15表达明显增高(P<0.05)。脓毒症死亡组患者血清BMP9、GDF15水平显著高于存活组(P均<0.05)。Logistic回归示血BMP9、C反应蛋白(CRP)、序贯器官衰竭评分(SOFA)是脓毒症发病的独立危险因素,GDF15是脓毒症患者死亡的独立影响因素。BMP9联合CRP诊断脓毒症的AUC为0.845,特异性83.9%,灵敏度73.3%,诊断效能与序贯器官衰竭评分相当(AUC 0.809,特异性83.9%,灵敏度70.0%)。GDF15联合中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞的比值(NLR)对脓毒症患者预后预测的AUC为0.898,特异性80%,灵敏度100%,预测效能与急性生理与慢性健康状况评估(APACHE II)评分相当(AUC 0.687,特异性93.9%,灵敏度53.3%)。结论:脓毒症患者BMP9和GDF15表达明显增高,BMP9联合CRP对脓毒症诊断价值较高。GDF15联合NLR对脓毒症患者预后预测效能较高。

血清及卵泡中AMH、GDF9水平对不孕症患者生育能力的预测价值

目的探讨血清及卵泡中抗米勒管激素(anti-Müllerian hormone,AMH)、生长分化因子9(growth differentiation factor 9,GDF9)水平对不孕症患者生育能力的预测价值。方法选取2020年4月至2023年2月浙江中医药大学附属湖州中医院收治的200例不孕症患者为研究组,根据窦卵泡数目及卵巢最大平面直径分为生育能力良好组(n=114)和生育能力不良组(n=86);另选取同期132名健康体检女性为对照组。收集研究对象的一般资料与临床资料,比较研究组和对照组的血清AMH、GDF9水平;比较生育能力良好组和生育能力不良组患者的血清和卵泡AMH、GDF9水平;分析不孕症患者生育能力的影响因素;不孕症患者的血清AMH、GDF9水平与卵泡刺激素(follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)、黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)、雌二醇水平的相关性采用Pearson相关性分析;受试者操作特征曲线分析血清AMH、GDF9水平对不孕症患者生育能力的预测价值。结果与对照组比较,研究组患者的血清AMH和GDF9水平显著降低(P<0.05)。与生育能力良好组比较,生育能力不良组患者的血清及卵泡中AMH、GDF9水平均显著降低(P<0.05)。与生育能力良好组比较,生育能力不良组患者的FSH水平、不孕年限>2年占比、促排卵次数>2次占比、卵巢间质动脉血流搏动指数、阻力指数均显著升高,获卵数、窦卵泡数目、收缩期最大血流速度和LH、雌二醇水平均显著降低(P<0.05)。不孕症患者的血清AMH和GDF9水平与FSH水平呈负相关(r<0,P<0.05),与LH和雌二醇水平呈正相关(r>0,P<0.05)。血清及卵泡AMH、血清及卵泡GDF9、获卵数、FSH、LH、窦卵泡数目、收缩期最大血流速度是不孕症患者生育能力的影响因素(P<0.05)。AMH和GDF9联合诊断不孕症患者生育能力的曲线下面积显著大于AMH、GDF9单独预测(P<0.05)。结论不孕症患者的血清及卵泡中AMH和GDF9水平与其生育能力有关,血清AMH和GDF9水平对其生育能力具有一定预测价值。

血清Mb、GDF-15、ADAM9与35岁以下急性心肌梗死发生及心源性死亡的关系

目的 探讨血清肌红蛋白(Mb)、生长分化因子-15(GDF-15)、去整合素-金属蛋白酶9(ADAM9)与35岁以下急性心肌梗死(AMI)发生及心源性死亡的关系。方法 选取2016年1月至2023年1月内蒙古自治区人民医院收治的115例AMI患者作为AMI组,并根据观察期内(随访6个月)心源性死亡情况分为死亡组与存活组,另选同期60名健康体检者作为对照组。记录死亡组与存活组临床资料及入院时血清Mb、GDF-15、ADAM9水平并进行比较,采用Logistic回归方程分析35岁以下AMI患者心源性死亡发生的影响因子,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价血清Mb、GDF-15、ADAM9单独或联合对35岁以下AMI患者6个月内心源性死亡发生的预测价值。结果 AMI组患者的血清Mb、GDF-15、ADAM9水平均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);AMI组患者观察期内共发生心源性死亡30例,发生率26.07%;死亡组患者高血压占比及血清Mb、GDF-15、ADAM9水平明显高于存活组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示,血清Mb、GDF-15、ADAM9水平升高是35岁以下AMI患者心源性死亡发生的危险因子(P<0.05);35岁以下AMI患者血清Mb、GDF-15、ADAM9两两正相关(P<0.05);血清Mb、GDF-15、ADAM9联合预测35岁以下AMI患者发生心源性死亡的AUC为0.877,高于三者单独预测的0.752、0.762、0.720(P<0.05)。结论 35岁以下AMI患者血清Mb、GDF-15、ADAM9明显升高,联合检测此三项指标对35岁以下AMI患者6个月内心源性死亡发生有较好的预测价值。

桃仁红花煎联合康复训练治疗缺血性脑卒中患者的疗效及对GDF-15、SIRT1和MMP-9水平的影响

目的:探讨桃仁红花煎联合康复训练治疗缺血性脑卒中患者的疗效及对血清生长分化因子-15(GDF-15)、沉默信息调节因子1(SIRT1)和基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)水平的影响。方法:选取2022年2月至2023年7月于定州市人民医院治疗的缺血性脑卒中患者84例,采用随机数字表法分为联合组与训练组,各42例。训练组患者采用基础治疗+康复训练,联合组患者在训练组的基础上加用桃仁红花煎治疗。观察联合组与训练组患者的临床疗效、美国国立卫生院卒中神经功能缺损评分量表(NIHSS)评分、改良Barthel指数(MBI)、血清炎症因子[白细胞介素(IL)1β、IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)]、氧化应激相关指标[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)]及血清GDF-15、MMP-9和SIRT1水平。结果:联合组患者的临床总有效率为95.24%(40/42),显著高于训练组的78.57%(33/42),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合组和训练组患者治疗后的NIHSS评分、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、MDA、GDF-15和MMP-9水平显著降低,MBI评分、SOD和SIRT1水平显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与训练组比较,联合组患者治疗后的NIHSS评分、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、MDA、GDF-15和MMP-9水平显著降低,MBI评分、SOD和SIRT1水平显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:桃仁红花煎联合康复训练治疗缺血性脑卒中的临床疗效显著,能有效改善患者的神经功能和脑缺氧缺血再灌注损伤,减轻炎症和应激反应,且显著提高血清SIRT1水平,降低血清GDF-15、MMP-9水平。

山羊生长分化因子9基因外显子2的PCR-SSCP分析

目的寻找与产羔数相关的遗传标记,为山羊高繁殖力的标记辅助选择提供科学依据。方法以控制Belclare绵羊和Cambridge绵羊高繁殖力的生长分化因子9(growthdifferentiationfactor9,GDF9)基因为候选基因,根据绵羊GDF9基因序列设计4对引物,采用PCR-SSCP技术检测GDF9基因外显子2在高繁殖力山羊品种(济宁青山羊)以及低繁殖力山羊品种(波尔山羊、文登奶山羊、辽宁绒山羊、北京本地山羊)中的单核苷酸多态性,同时研究该基因对济宁青山羊高繁殖力的影响。结果山羊与绵羊的GDF9基因外显子2核苷酸序列同源性为99%(955/965)。引物1和引物4存在多态性。对于引物1扩增片段,5个山羊品种均检测到AA、AB和BB3种基因型,测序分析发现外显子2第26bp处有1个G→A的单碱基突变,但没有引起氨基酸改变;济宁青山羊A等位基因频率为0.9128,B等位基因频率为0.0872;AA基因型济宁青山羊产羔数最小二乘均值比AB基因型的多0.54只(P<0.01),比BB基因型的多0.63只(P<0.01)。对于引物4扩增片段,5个山羊品种均检测到CC、CD和DD3种基因型,测序分析发现外显子2第792bp处有1个G→A的单碱基突变并且导致缬氨酸改变为异亮氨酸;济宁青山羊C等位基因频率为0.9266,D等位基因频率为0.0734;CC基因型济宁青山羊产羔数最小二乘均值比CD基因型的多0.57只(P<0.01),比DD基因型的多0.62只(P<0.01)。结论初步表明GDF9基因可能是控制济宁青山羊多胎性能的一个主效基因或是与之存在紧密遗传连锁的分子标记。

绵羊GDF9基因PCR-SSCP分析

生长分化因子 9(GDF9)是由卵母细胞分泌的一种生长因子 ,它对早期卵泡的生长和分化起重要的调节作用。采用PCR SSCP技术分析了GDF9基因在小尾寒羊、湖羊、多赛特羊和萨福克羊 4个绵羊品种的多态性。结果表明 :GDF9基因在两对引物扩增片段中均存在PCR SSCP多态性。对于引物 1扩增片段 ,4个绵羊品种均检测到AA基因型 ,AB基因型只出现在湖羊、多赛特羊和萨福克羊中 ,仅在萨福克羊中检测到BB基因型 ;在 4个绵羊品种中 ,A等位基因频率明显高于B等位基因频率。对于引物 2扩增片段 ,4个绵羊品种均检测到AA基因型 ,AB基因型只出现在湖羊、多赛特羊和萨福克羊中 ,4个绵羊品种均没有检测到BB基因型 ;在 4个绵羊品种中 ,AA基因型频率最高 ,A等位基因频率明显高于B等位基因频率。引物 1的多态性片段测序分析表明 :位于GDF9基因cDNA第15 2处发生了单碱基的改变 (A→G) ,并导致了氨基酸的改变 (天冬酰胺→天冬氨酸 )。

小尾寒羊高繁殖力候选基因BMP15和GDF9的研究

以控制Belclare和Cambridge绵羊高繁殖力的骨形态发生蛋白 15 (bonemorphogeneticprotein 15 ,BMP15 )基因和生长分化因子 9(growthdifferentiationfactor 9,GDF9)基因为候选基因 ,采用PCR RFLP技术检测BMP15基因和GDF9基因在高繁殖力绵羊品种 (小尾寒羊、湖羊 )以及低繁殖力绵羊品种 (多赛特羊、特克塞尔羊、德国肉用美利奴羊 )中的单核苷酸多态性 ,同时研究这两个基因对小尾寒羊高繁殖力的影响。结果表明 :在 5个绵羊品种中都没有检测到GDF9基因的G8突变 (C→T) ,也没有检测到BMP15基因的B4突变 (G→T)。高繁殖力的小尾寒羊在BMP15基因编码序列第 718位碱基处发生了与Belclare绵羊和Cambridge绵羊相同的B2突变 (C→T) ,而其余 4个绵羊品种则没有发生这种突变。对于BMP15基因的B2突变 ,在小尾寒羊中检测到AA、AB两种基因型 ,A等位基因频率为 0 734,B等位基因频率为 0 2 6 6。小尾寒羊与其余 4个绵羊品种间B2突变基因型分布差异极显著 (P <0 0 0 1)。突变杂合基因型 (AB)小尾寒羊平均产羔数比野生纯合基因型 (AA)多 0 6 2只 (P <0 0 1)。研究结果表明 ,BMP15B2突变对小尾寒羊高繁殖力影响作用十分明显 。

生长分化因子9基因的研究进展

转化生长因子β( TGF-β)超家族成员对卵巢卵泡的发育起着重要的作用 ,在这个超家族中发现 1个新成员生长分化因子 ( GDF-9) ,它对早期卵泡和卵母细胞的生长是必需的。本文主要阐述了生长分化因子 9基因结构和功能、基因克隆以及在小鼠、人类和绵羊卵巢中的作用机理 ,并讨论了该基因对繁殖性能的影响。

生长分化因子9基因及其在生殖中的作用

生长分化因子9是卵母细胞分泌的一种生长因子,它对卵泡的生长分化起着重要作用。文章介绍了生长分化因子9的结构、功能和调控,生长分化因子9基因的克隆及基因结构、发育性表达、定位和多态性,并讨论了该基因与哺乳动物繁殖性能的关系。