Clinical implications and mechanism of histopathological growth pattern in colorectal cancer liver metastases

Liver is the most common site of metastases of colorectal cancer,and liver metastases present with distinct histopathological growth patterns(HGPs),including desmoplastic,pushing and replacement HGPs and two rare HGPs.HGP is a miniature of tumor-host reaction and reflects tumor biology and pathological features as well as host immune dynamics.Many studies have revealed the association of HGPs with carcinogenesis,angiogenesis,and clinical outcomes and indicates HGP functions as bond between microscopic characteristics and clinical implications.These findings make HGP a candidate marker in risk stratification and guiding treatment decision-making,and a target of imaging observation for patient screening.Of note,it is crucial to determine the underlying mechanism shaping HGP,for instance,immune infiltration and extracellular matrix remodeling in desmoplastic HGP,and aggressive characteristics and special vascularization in replacement HGP(rHGP).We highlight the importance of aggressive features,vascularization,host immune and organ structure in formation of HGP,hence propose a novel"advance under camouflage"hypothesis to explain the formation of rHGP.

Study on Clonal Growth Pattern of Sabina vulgaris in Mu Us Sandland

The clonal growth pattern of Sabina vulgaris, a coniferous clonal plant in Mu Us sandland, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was surveyed. The results showed that with the stolon extending, internode length and branching angle decreased, the branching intensity increased gradually within the 3 m range from the edge of the shrub to its center along the stolon. Internode length, branching intensity and branching angle were 5.9 cm, 4.4 and 55.3°in the shrub, and 1.6 cm, 13.7 and 38.3°at the edge of the shrub, respectively. The clonal architecture exhibited plasticity. The internode length, branching intensity and ramet length changed with an exponential model with extention of the stolon. The stolon of S. vulgaris was monopodial branching, and each ramet should possess more than 3 adventitious roots. Ramets could take on the phenomenon of 搒elf-thinning?with clonal growth. There was a prior grade in allocation of the nutrients gained from heterogeneous space. The clonal architecture of S. vulgaris was the 搈ixed?type.

Growth Pattern and Its Indication of Spheroidal Nano-Micro Crystal Aggregates of Pyrite in the Baiyunpu Pb-Zn Polymetallic Deposit, Central Hunan

The Baiyunpu deposit lies in the southwest plunging Dachengshan anticline in central Hunan, which is a large Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit. The orebodies were surrounded by the Qiziqiao Formation limestone in the Middle Devonian, and its geological occurrence is consistent with the wall rocks. A large number of spheroidal pyrite aggregates are found unevenly distributed in the ores. The spheroidal aggregates are made up of kernels and concentric rings. The kernels are composed of approximately epigranular pyrite nanocrystals, while the rings are composed of accumulated pyrite microcrystals growing along the radial direction. The spheroidal pyrite aggregate and its outer zones can be divided into five areas（A–E）. The results of electron probe micro analysis（EPMA） show that from the zone A1 to B, Co/Ni 〈1, the sum of Co and Ni is 0.08%–0.26%, S/Fe increases from 2.06 to 2.15. While from the zone C to E, Ni cannot be detected and S/Fe decreases from 2.22 to 2.08. Powder X-ray diffraction（XRD） analysis in the micro zone shows obvious crystalline characteristics in the aggregates. Moving from the inside outwards, the maximum diffraction peak intensity of the（111） and（220） crystal planes of pyrite increases, and the crystallinity improves. The degree of change in the（111） plane is the most prominent. Considering the theory of crystal growth along with the geologic features of the depositional environment where the spheroidal pyrite aggregates developed, we confirm that the spheroidal aggregates are the result of nano-micro crystalline gathering and growth occurring by the following sequence of processes：nano-crystalline nucleation and growth, gathering into a ball, oriented growth of microcrystals, continuous accumulation, and adjustment of grain boundaries. The formation of the spheroidal pyrite aggregates in the late Qiziqiao Formation of the Middle Devonian occurred in a neutral to weak alkaline and reductive sedimentary environment in the normal oxygen-rich shallowwater carbonate platform edge. The variations in the S/Fe ratio and crystallisation characteristics indicate that during pyrite crystal growth, the sulphur fugacity was high locally and rose constantly, the degree of supersaturation decreased locally and the growth environment was stable relatively.

Can Emerging Economies Catch-up Sustainably？-An Analysis of BRICS＇ Economic Growth Pattern

The BRICS （Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa） and other emerging economies have become a driving global force for the past twenty years. However, their growth patterns are obsolete, impeding the quality and competitiveness of their economic growth, while simultaneously threatening the sustainability of their economic convergence with developed nations. Transforming the domestic growth pattern-the solution to the middle-income trap-has therefore become a key priority for each of these economies. This paper presents a comparative analysis of how to transform the pattern of economic growth in BRICS and achieve sustainable economic convergence with a comparative analysis of the pattern of economic growth and problems among BRICS countries.

The Growth Pattern of <i>Chamaecyparis obtuse</i>Stand along Longevity in Gyeongnam Province, South Korea

Tree growth is affected by environmental factors, climate condition and tree age. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth patterns of Chamaecyparis obtusa (C. obtusa) stand in the Gyeongnam province. Data was collected from two cities and one county by using sample quadrats of 20 * 20 m. A total of 11 quadrats were used to collect tree height, diameter at the breast height (DBH), annual growth rings and soil data. The data analysis of soil moisture content, pH, organic matter (%), EC (cmol + /kg of soil), and available phosphorous was conducted. Growth ring was analyzed by using computer based software and the ages of the trees were identified. Average growth of height and DBH was computed from the surveyed data and annual growth of each tree was assessed by computer based reading of annual growth rings. The results of the study revealed that tree growth showed a reducing trend along the longevity. It was identified that soil pH, age, variation in annual average temperature, and altitude were the main factors related with growth of C. obtusa trees along the life of the stand.

The evaluation of the growth pattern of coal-production in Jiangsu Province and suggestions for its sound development

Using Cobb-Douglas production function and Solow Residual, this study establishes a discriminant index to measure the intensive index of coal-production at the section-level, so as to analyze the transfer trend of the growth pattern of Jiangsu＇s coal-production since 1990s. The research shows that the transition of coal production in Jiangsu Province has mainly experienced three phases, which are the quick transition phase from extensive growth to intensive growth （from 1990 to 1994）, the fluctuation phase （from 1995 to 1999）, and the transition back phase from intensive growth to extensive growth （from 2000 to 2003）. On the whole, the coal production in Jiangsu Province nowadays is still featured by extensive growth pattern and largely dependent upon capital inputs. Finally, from the aspect of the technology progress, improving the qualities of labor, changing product structures and improving enterprise management, this study puts forward suggestions on how to transfer the growth pattern of Jiangsu＇s coal-production into intensive type.

Resource constraint,sustainable economic growth pattern and transformation of economic system in China

Over the past 20 years, China has made spectacular achievements in economic growth as well as in thetransformation of economic growth pattern. Industrial structure is being updated, and technology is playing a more andmore important role in economic development. The energy and resource consumption in many industries and enterprisesare reducing. However, we should realize that there are still many problems in changing the economic growth pattern,such as high input, high consumption, high discharge, inharmony, recycling difficulty, and low efficiency, which havegreatly impaired and restrict Chinese economic development. Therefore, the fundamental change of the economic growthpattern is inevitable. Based on the analysis on the status quo and the exploit of resources, this paper suggests that thetransformation from unsustainable to sustainable growth is the only choice in changing the economic growth pattern. Inaddition, the transformation should not completely rely on the fundamental effects of market mechanism. We should makefull use of the power of governments to speed up the transformation of economic system.

Abundance and Distribution,Growth Pattern,Sex Ratio and Gonadosomatic Index(GSI)of Liza falcipinnis(Valenciennes,1836)from Ojo Axis of Badagry Creeks,Lagos,Nigeria

A study on seasonal abundance,morphometric and meristic data,growth pattern,condition fector,sex ratio and gonadosomatic index of Liza falcip-innis(Wlenciennes,1836)from the Ojo axis of Badagry creek,Nigeria was conducted from May 2019 to March 2020.A total of 1012 species were randomly selected,having 499 females and 513 males.The length frequency analysis and length-weight relationships(LWR)were determined.Sex ratio was determined by Chi-square analysis.The results showed that morphometric data are:0.5-2.5 mm for ED,2.1-12 mm for HL,1.7-8.1 mm for HD,2.5-11.7 for BD,2.6-233.3 mm for TL and 9.23-1006 g for BW for the combined sexes.The slope(b)shows an allometric growth pattern.The intercept'a'and slope'b'of the LWR(LogW=a+bLogL)were Log W=15.39+0.34 LogL(r=0.54)for combined sexes,Log W=12.49+0.02 log L(r=0.38)for males and Log W=18.23+0.01 log L(r=0.16)for females.The length frequency distribution indicated that species were dominated by two year classes(Ages 1 and 2).Condition factors were generally low.The values ranged between 0.68-0.85 for combined sexes.The gonadosomatic index for female was highest in August,2019(17.77%)with Mean±SD of 2.88±0.75;which indicated the peak of spawning period in the study area.Sex ratio difference was significant(P<0.05).Sexual differences were significant;the females are phenotypically larger than the male.

Histologic features and genomic alterations of primary colorectal adenocarcinoma predict growth patterns of liver metastasis

BACKGROUND Different histological growth patterns(HGPs)of colorectal carcinoma(CRC)liver metastasis are associated with patients’prognosis and response to antiangiogenic therapy.However,the relationship between HGPs of liver metastasis and clinicopathological and genomic characteristics of primary cancer has not been well established.AIM To assess whether certain clinicopathological and genomic features of primary CRC could predict the HGPs of liver metastasis.METHODS A total of 29 patients with paired resections of both primary CRC and liver metastasis were divided into two groups:A(15 cases with desmoplastic liver metastasis)and B(14 cases with replacement liver metastasis).Clinical information was obtained from patients’charts.Mismatch repair proteins,BRAFV600E,and PD-L1 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry.Five cases were selected randomly from each group for whole exome sequencing(WES)analysis.RESULTS In the primary tumor,expanding growth pattern,low tumor budding score(TBS),and Crohn’s disease-like response(CDR)were associated with desmoplastic liver metastasis and better overall survival,whereas infiltrating growth pattern alone of primary carcinoma could predict the replacement liver metastasis and worse overall survival(P<0.05).On WES analysis,primary carcinoma with desmoplastic liver metastasis showed mutations in APC(4/5);TP53(3/5);KRAS,PIK3CA,and FAT4(2/5);BRCA-1,BRCA2,BRAF,and DNAH5(1/5),whereas primary carcinoma with replacement liver metastasis showed mutations in APC and TP53(3/5);KRAS,FAT4,DNH5,SMAD,ERBB2,ERBB3,LRP1,and SDK1(1/5).CONCLUSION The HGPs,TBS,and CDR of primary CRC as well as the presence of specific genetic mutations such as those in PIK3CA could be used to predict the HGPs of liver metastasis,response to therapy,and patients’prognosis.

Growth Pattern in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Retrospective Study

Aim of this study is to assess growth pattern in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and factors associated with growth retardation. Methods: A retrospective chart review of all cases of JIA following up at Pediatric Department of King Abdulaziz University Hospital, between July 2000 to July 2016. Demographic, clinical and biological data were collected and analyzed as risk factor for growth retardation. These included age, gender, age at diagnosis, disease duration, type of JIA, the presence of uveitis, rheumatoid factor (RF) positivity, antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer and treatment. Growth pattern was assessed as the percentile for height-for-age, weight-for-age and weight-for-height in reference to the Growth Chart for Saudi Children and Adolescents. Change in percentile rank was divided into 3 categories: regression (a drop of ≥1 percentile);stable (uphold of the same percentile);and progression (change for a superior percentile). Results: A total 78 children were eligible, 52.6% females, mean ± SD age = 9.94 ± 4.92 years, and age at diagnosis = 7.44 ± 4.52 years, mean ± SD [range] disease duration = 2.93 ± 2.70 [6 months;15 years]. The most frequent types of JIA were systemic (33.3%), oligoarticular (30.8%) and polyarticular negative RF (26.9%). Other parameters included positive ANA in 41.0%, positive RF in 7.7% and uveitis in 9.0%. The most frequent treatment was methotrexate (59.0%), followed by biological therapy (47.4%), non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (43.6%) and prednisolone (33.3%). Growth data were available for 67 (85.9%) children, and assessments showed 36% cases of break of the growth curve in both height-for-age and weight-for-age percentiles and 31% in weight-for-height percentiles. In all three parameters, there were shifts towards lower percentiles from time of diagnosis to last follow-up, in both males and females. Correlation and regression analysis showed low age at diagnosis and disease duration to be significant predictors for growth retardation severity. Conclusion: One in three children with JIA has growth retardation, the severity of which is predicted by low age at disease onset and long disease duration.

Physical Growth Pattern of Settlements in a Traditional Region, Southwest Nigeria

The study examined the growth pattern of settlements in Oke-Ogun area of Oyo State, Nigeria between 1984 and 2011;and predicted the future growth pattern of settlements in the study area. Both primary and secondary data were used for this study. Primary sources of data include Global Positioning System (GPS), Landsat TM and ETM+ imageries of 1984, 1990, 2000, and 2011. Secondary data included administrative map and population data of the study area. Descriptive statistics and geospatial technique were used to analyse the data collected. The results showed a random pattern of settlement distribution in the study area. Results revealed that settlements covered about 0.52% of the total land area in 1984;1.32% in 2000;and 3.78% in 2011. Whereas linear pattern of growth characterised the periods between 1984 and 1990;clustering, infilling, and fringes were the patterns of growth that characterised the periods between 1990 and 2011. The study predicted that, at an average 1.2% of annual growth rate, settlements will occupy about 44.37% of the total land area by 2031. The study concluded that settlements in the study area varied in the patterns of distribution;the area was dominated by indigenous settlements type with overconcentration of social and economic infrastructures in few centres.

Quantifying the natural growth rate of hepatocellular carcinoma:A real-world retrospective study in southwestern China

BACKGROUND In recent years,approximately half of the newly diagnosed cases and mortalities attributed to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)have been reported in China.Despite the high incidence of HCC,there remains a paucity of data regarding the natural growth pattern and the determination of optimal surveillance intervals specific to the Chinese population.AIM To quantify the natural tumor growth pattern of HCC in regional China.METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on patients from a single institution in Southwest China who had undergone two or more serial dynamic computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans between 2014 and 2020,without having received any anti-cancer therapy.Tumor growth was assessed using tumor volume doubling time(TVDT)and tumor growth rate(TGR),with volumes measured manually by experienced radiologists.Simple univariate linear regression and descriptive analysis were applied to explore associations between growth rates and clinical factors.RESULTS This study identifies the median TVDT for HCC as 163.4 d,interquartile range(IQR)72.1 to 302.3 d,with a daily TGR of 0.42%(IQR 0.206%-0.97%).HCC growth patterns reveal that about one-third of tumors grow indolently with TVDT exceeding 270 d,another one-third of tumors exhibit rapid growth with TVDT under 90 d,and the remaining tumors show intermediate growth rates,with TVDT ranging between 3 to 9 months.CONCLUSION The identified TGRs support biannual surveillance and follow-up for HCC patients in certain regions of China.Given the observed heterogeneity in HCC growth,further investigation is warranted.

Black or Green?Economic Growth Patterns in China under Low Carbon Economy Targets

Achieving dual goals of economic growth and carbon emission reduction is a major issue in China. In this paper we deifne three economic growth patterns （green growth, brown growth and black growth） according to the relationship between economic scale and carbon emissions, and then trace the historical trajectory of economic growth over the last 40 years. Granger causality is used to test China’s economic growth and carbon emission linkage. We argue that green growth means that the rate of carbon emission reduction is faster than the increase in GDP. When carbon intensity reduction is slower than GDP growth, brown growth occurs. Black growth occurs when both carbon intensity and economic scale increase. For China, we denote the four periods of black growth （1971–1977）, brown growth （1978–2001）, black growth （2002–2004）, and brown growth （2004–2010）. Granger causality tests indicate that mutual causality between carbon emissions and economic growth exists in the short term, but not the long term. In order to achieve the goals of economic growth and carbon intensity reduction, it is necessary for China to actively participate in global carbon reduction activities, technological innovation and ecological civilization construction.

Spatial patterns of urban land use growth in Beijing

By using digitized land use maps of Beijing in 1982, 1992 and 1997 and employing GIS spatial analysis techniques, this paper conducts an empirical study on the spatial differentiation and spatial patterns of urban land use growth in Beijing in the period of 1982–1997. It is observed that urban land use growth in Beijing went beyond the control of urban planning, in terms of the extraordinary high growth rate and undesired spatial pattern. The rate of urban expansion after 1982, which was predominated by growth of industrial land, was extraordinary high compared to its historical period. While its growth centers have been actively shifting toward the northern part, rather than toward the southern and eastern parts as designated by the latest General Plan (1991–2010) of Beijing, its spatial pattern of urban land use growth in general was in distinct concentric sprawl, which seriously violated the General Plan of Beijing.

Association between mandibular posterior alveolar morphology and growth pattern in a Chinese population with normal occlusion

Objective:To investigate the relationship between growth patterns and mandibular posterior tooth-alveolar bone complex morphology in a Chinese population with normal occlusion.Methods:Forty-five patients with normal occlusion(23 males,22 females) were included in this study.Among these patients,20 displayed the vertical growth pattern,and 20 had the horizontal growth pattern,while the remaining patients displayed the average growth pattern.All of the patients underwent dental cone beam computed tomography(CBCT),which included the region of the mandibular posterior teeth and the alveolar.A linear regression analysis and a correlation analysis between the facial height index(FHI) and the alveolar bone morphology were performed.Results:The inclination of the molars,the thickness of the cortical bone,and the height of the mandibular bone differed significantly between patients with the horizontal growth pattern and those with the vertical growth pattern(P<0.05).Significant positive correlations were found between:the FHI and the inclination of the molars;the FHI and the thickness of the cortical bone;and the FHI and the height of the mandibular bone.Conclusions:The mandibular posterior tooth-alveolar bone complex morphology may be affected by growth patterns.

Gladius growth pattern and increment of jumbo squid(Dosidicus gigas)in the tropical Pacific Ocean

Gladius is an accepted hard tissue for determining the age,size-specific growth,and trophic dynamics of pelagic squid.However,little is known about the inter-and intra-stock variability of gladius growth pattern and increment deposition.In this study,the gladius growth patterns with somatic growth and gonad development were evaluated for two geographic stocks of the jumbo squid(Dosidicus gigas)in the tropical Pacific Ocean.The microstructure and periodicity of the gladius growth increments were also investigated.Results showed varied correlations between four gladius morphometric characteristics with dorsal mantle length,while growth in body weight almost followed a power model.Sexual gladius growth patterns occurred with gonad development,possibly due to different biological functions of these gladius parts and sex-specific energetic allocations.Gladius increments were observed formation in the stem and lateral plate and could be consistently enumerated.The daily periodicity of increment deposition,at least over 144 days old,was validated by comparing gladius increments with the ages obtained from the statoliths.The different oceanographic conditions between two areas likely influence the gladius growth and increment deposition and promote higher increment counts in squid from equatorial waters.Above all,these results provided new information on gladius microstructures and growth increment in different stocks of D.gigas and confirmed the use of this tissue for size-specific growth and age determination.

Analysis of the Current Industrial Growth Pattern

The process of economic growth and industrial structure upgrading is essentially a process of the formation and replacement of high growth industries. After steady operations over the past three years, China’s industrial growth structure has undergone significant changes, with a number of industries (automobile, machine-building, real estate and tourism) accelerating to become a major force in fueling national economic growth. Whether or not the high growth of these industries will persist so that they become pillar industries in the new round of growth is the key to determining both the nature and the formation of the engine of the new round of growth.

基于FP-Growth算法的运毒嫌疑车辆智能推荐研究

毒品运输是毒品犯罪的重要环节,虽然毒品运输的手段越来越多样化,但公路运输仍然是主要的运输方式之一,而运毒人员有着各自经典的运毒模式。文中对运毒模式进行特征挖掘,发现存在前后车伴随的规律,根据实际业务中前后车行为以半小时为时间间隔导向,建模时选择PostgreSQL数据库。在数据库中建立过往车辆前半小时中间表、后半小时中间表、中间跨度表,运用人工智能数据挖掘技术实现从大量的通行车辆中抽取车辆伴随信息,采用FP-Growth算法挖掘频繁项集,查找高频出现车牌号,通过设定阈值并找到对应的关联规则,经过缉毒民警提供的黑名单进行过滤并排序,最后进行车辆嫌疑度的推荐,为民警拦截嫌疑车辆提供支持,能够在一定程度上提高对嫌疑车辆排查的针对性、准确性和有效性。

Integrated identification of growth pattern and taxon of bacterium in gut microbiota via confocal fluorescence imaging‐oriented single‐cell sequencing

Despite the fast progress in our understanding of the complex functions of gut microbiota,it is still challenging to directly investigate the in vivo microbial activities and processes on an individual cell basis.To gain knowledge of the indigenous growth/division patterns of the diverse mouse gut bacteria with a relatively high throughput,here,we propose an integrative strategy,which combines the use of fluorescent probe labeling,confocal imaging with single‐cell sorting,and sequencing.Mouse gut bacteria sequentially labeled by two fluorescent D‐amino acid probes in vivo were first imaged by confocal microscopy to visualize their growth patterns,which can be unveiled by the distribution of the two fluorescence signals on each bacterium.Bacterial cells of interest on the imaging slide were then sorted using a laser ejection equipment,and the collected cells were then sequenced individually to identify their taxa.Our strategy allows integrated acquirement of the growth pattern knowledge of a variety of gut bacteria and their genomic information on a single‐cell basis,which should also have great potential in studying many other complex bacterial systems.