Effects of Coated Methionine on the Growth Performance, Blood Biochemical Indices and Nutrient Apparent Ileal Digestibility in Broilers

[ Objective] This trial was conducted to study the effects of different coated methionines on the growth performance, blood biochemical indices and apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in broilers. [ Method ] A total of 3 780 Cobb 500 broilers aged 18 days were randomly arranged into 7 groups with 3 replicates per group and 180 broilers per replicate. Control group （A） received the basal diet supplemented with O. 16% DL-me- thionine, and trial groups received the basal diets supplemented with 0.32% （ B）, 0.29% （ C）, 0.26% （ D）, 0.22% （ E）, 0.19% （F） and 0.16% （G） of coated methionine, and broilers were fed to the age of 42 days. ＂[ Result] The final weight, average daily gain and average daily feed intake of groups B and C were higher than those of the control group （ P〈0.05）, and the mortality of group B was lower than that of the control group （ P 〈0.05）, but there was no significant difference in all above indices between the other groups and the control group （P 〉 0.05）. Plasma GSH-Px activity of trial groups （ except group G） was higher than that of the control group （ P 〈 0.05）, and SOD activity of groups B and C were higher than that of group G （P 〈0.05）, but there were no significant differences in other blood biochemical indices among all groups （P 〉0.05）. There were no significant differences in apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter and crude protein between trial groups and the control group （ P 〉0.05 ）, and the apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids of trial groups was increased （P 〈0.05） or no change expect that the apparent ileal digestibility of many kinds of amino acids of group G was decreased compared with the control group （P〈0.05）. [ Concluslon~ The growth performance and apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in broilers were increased with the rising supplementation of coated methionine, but the supplementation of 0.19% coated methionine can meet the needs of broilers, namely, coated methionine can be substituted for 60% DL-methionine in the diet, so DL-methio- nine can be saved up to 40%.

Effect of Replacing Fish Meal with Extruded Soybean Meal on Growth, Feed Utilization and Apparent Nutrient Digestibility of Juvenile White Shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)

Extruded soybean meal （ESBM） was evaluated as a protein source for partial replacement of fish meal （FM） in diets of juvenile Litopenaeus vannarnei. In the control diet （Diet 1）, FM protein was replaced with increasing dietary levels of ESBM （4.28%, 8.40%, 12.62%, 16.82%, and 25.26%） at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 60% levels （Diets 2 to 6, respectively）. An eight-week feeding trial was conducted on 720 juvenile shrimp （0.67 g ± 0.01 g mean initial Weight）, and nutrient digestibility of the six diets was determined. ESBM could replace 20% of FM without causing a significant reduction in growth of shrimp, but other dietary treatments strongly affected whole body composition. Crude protein content of the whole body fed Diet 6 was significantly lower than that fed Diet 2 （P〈0.05）, while crude lipid content of the whole body fed Diet 5 or 6 was significantly higher than that fed Diet 2 （P〈0,05）. Protein digestibilities of Diets 5 and 6 were significantly lower than that of Diet 1 （P〈0.05）. Digestibility of lipids ranged from 96.97% in Diet 6 to 98.34% in Diet 3, whereas dry matter digestibility decreased with increasing replacement level. This study indicates that 20% FM replacement with ESBM in the basic diet containing 40% protein and 30% FM is optimal for juvenile L. vannamei.

Effect of Three Feed Antibiotics Substitutes on Growth Performance and Apparent Nutrient Digesti- bility of Guangxi Jinling Partridge

Totally 150 individuals of 1-day-old Guangxi Jinling partridges were randomly divided into five groups, 30 chickens each group. Chickens in control group were fed with basal diet, while chickens in experimental groups were fed with the diet containing antibiotics, Chinese herbal medicine, probiotics and acidifi- er. The entire trial lasted 50 d, and growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility of tested chickens were observed and measured. Compared with control group, the feed gain ratio in experimental groups significantly decreased （P 〈 0.05 ）, while that in probiotics group was the lowest. The average daily gain in pmbi- otics group was significantly higher than that in control group or other experimental groups （P 〈 0.05）. The apparent digestibility of crude protein, crude fat and energy in probiotics group were significantly higher than that in control group or other experimental groups （P 〈 0.05 ）. The apparent digestibility of phosphorus, crude fat, crude fiber, calcium and crude protein in antibiotics group were significantly higher than that in control group （P 〈 0.05 ）. The apparent digestibility of crude protein, crude fiber and phosphorus in Chinese herbal medicine group were significantly higher than that in control group （P 〈 0.05 ）. The apparent digesti- bility of nutrient in acidifier group were significantly lower than that in control group or other experimental groups （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Therefore, pmbiotics had better effects on growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility of chickens than antibiotics, while Chinese herbal medicine and acidifier had inferior effect than an- tibiotics.

The Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Phytase Transgenic Corn on Growth Performance,Phosphorus Utilization and Excretion in Growing Pigs (Sus scrofa)

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with phytase transgenic corn （PTC） on growth performance,phosphorus （P） utilization and excretion in growing pigs.In Exp.1,180 pigs （Large White × Landrace,BW=37.7 kg） were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 5 replicates of 9 pigs each in order to evaluate the effect of PTC supplementation in low-P diets on growth performance.Four corn soybean meal-based diets consisted of a positive control （PC） diet,a diet containing 500 units （U） of exogenous phytase kg-1 （EP） on the basis of low-P （inorganic P reduced by 0.05% from PC diet） and the low-P＋500 （PTC1） or 750 （PTC2） phytase U of PTC kg-1.In Exp.2,20 barrows （Large White×Landrace,BW=31 kg,4 treatments with 5 replicates of 1 pig each） were randomly selected to evaluate the effect of PTC in low-P diets on serum parameters and nutrient utilization.Diets in Exp.2 were similar to those in Exp.1 except that the EP group was replaced by a low-P diet without exogenous phytase supplementation as a negative control （NC） group.The results from Exp.1 showed that the average daily gain （ADG） in the PTC2 group was significantly higher （P〈0.05） than that in the EP group over all periods.On the other hand,the feed：gain （F：G） ratio of the EP group was significantly higher （P〈0.05） than that of the PTC2 group during 1-21 and 1-42 d,respectively.There were no differences in average daily feed intake （ADFI） among all treatments （P〉0.05）.The results from Exp.2 showed that the concentration of serum Ca in the NC group was the highest （P〈0.05）,while the concentration of serum P in the PTC2 group was the highest （P〈0.05） among all treatments.There was a significant decrease （P〈0.05） in the P apparent digestibility of the NC group compared with the other groups,and that of PTC2 group was the best.Furthermore,fecal P excretion was reduced （P〈0.05） from 1.80 g d-1 in the PC group to 1.28 g d-1 in the PTC2 group.In conclusion,dietary supplementation with PTC could reduce the application of inorganic P,decrease fecal P excretion,and improve the growth performance of growing pigs.

Fermented soybean meal improves the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and microbial flora in piglets

In order to increase nutritive values of soybean meal(SBM), 3 species of microbes were used to ferment SBM. Through a 3 x 3 orthogonal design and parameter measurements of soybean peptide and antinutritional factor contents in the fermented soybean meal(FSBM), it was estimated that the best microbial proportion of Bacillus subtilis, Hansenula anomala and Lactobacillus casei was 2:1:2 for SBM fermentation(P < 0.05). The further piglet feeding experiment showed that 10% FSBM substitute for SBM had no significant effect on growth performance of suckling piglets(d 7-28)(P> 0.05). However, newlyweaned piglets(d 28-38) fed 10% FSBM and different levels of plasma protein obtained higher average daily gain(ADG) and feed conversion ratio(FCR), compared with those without FSBM but with 6% plasma protein(P < 0.05). Piglets(d 38-68) fed diets supplemented with FSBM and soybean protein concentrate(SBPC) at 3.75% and 7.5% respectively increased nutrient digestibility,fecal enzyme activity and lactic acid bacteria counts, and decreased fecal Escherichia coli counts(P < 0.05), compared with the control. These data indicated that FSBM had positive effects on nutrient digestibility and fecal microflora for piglets.

Effect of dietary supplementation with protease on growth performance,nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, digestive enzymes and gene expression of weaned piglets

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary protease supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, digestive enzymes and gene expression in weaned piglets. A total of 300 weaned piglets(21 days of age Duroc x Large White x Landrace; initial BW = 6.27 ± 0.45 kg) were randomly divided into 5 groups. The 5 diets were: 1) positive control diet(PC), 2) negative control diet(NC), and 3) protease supplementations, which were 100, 200, and 300 mg per kg NC diet. Results indicated that final BW, ADG, ADFI, crude protein digestibility, enzyme activities of stomach pepsin, pancreatic amylase and trypsin, plasma total protein, and intestinal villus height were higher for the PC diet and the supplementations of 200 and 300 mg protease per kg NC diet than for the NC diet(P < 0.05). Supplementations of 200 and 300 mg protease per kg NC diet significantly increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth(VH:CD) of duodenum, jejunum and ileum compared with NC diet(P < 0.05). Feed to gain ratio, diarrhea index, blood urea nitrogen, and diamine oxidase were lower for the PC diet and supplementations of 200 and 300 mg protease per kg NC diet than for the NC diet(P < 0.05). Piglets fed the PC diet had a higher peptide transporter 1(PepTl) mRNA abundance in duodenum than piglets fed the NC diet(P < 0.05), and supplementations of 100, 200 and 300 mg protease per kg NC diet increased the PepTl mRNA abundance in duodenum(P < 0.05) comparing with the NC diet. Piglets fed the PC diet had a higher b0,+AT mRNA abundance in jejunum than piglets fed the NC diet(P < 0.05), and supplementations of 200 and 300 mg protease per kg NC diet increased the b0,+AT mRNA abundance in jejunum and ileum comparing with the NC diet(P < 0.05). In summary, dietary protease supplementation increases growth performance in weaned piglets, which may contribute to the improvement of intestinal development, protein digestibility, nutrient transport efficiency, and health status of piglets when fed low digestible protein sources.

Effects of dietary methionine supplementation on growth performance of cubs,nutrient digestibility, nitrogen metabolism and serum biochemical indicators of female blue foxes(Alopex lagopus)

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of methionine(Met) supplementation on growth performance of cubs, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen metabolism and serum biochemical parameters of female blue foxes. One hundred primiparous female blue foxes that were similar in breeding date, pedigree, age, and weight were selected for the trial. The foxes were randomly assigned to four groups(n = 25 each group) and fed diets supplemented with Met at 2(Met2), 4(Met4), 6(Met6)and 8 g/kg(Met8), respectively, for 40 days. Our data showed that body weights at 20 and 40 d were significantly higher in the Met4 group than in the Met2 group(P < 0.05). The Met4 group also had the highest apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein compared with either the Met2, Met6, or Met8 group(P< 0.05). The serum Met and isoleucine(Ile) concentrations were significantly higher in the Met4 group than in the Met6 or Met8 group(P < 0.05). In summary, these data indicate that supplementary Met improves growth performance of cubs likely due to increased crude protein and dry matter and increased nitrogen retention of female blue foxes. The optimal amount of Met supplementation is10 g/kg basal diet.

Effect of fermented rapeseed meal on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,and intestinal health in growing pigs

To explore the effects of fermented rapeseed meal(FRSM)on growth performance and intestinal health,a total of 30 growing pigs were randomly allotted to three treatments consisting of corn-soybean meal diet(CSD),rapeseed meal diet(RSD),and fermented rapeseed meal diet(FRSD).Results showed that compared with RSD,FRSD feeding increased the average daily gain and final body weight in pigs(P<0.01).Compared with RSD feeding,FRSD feeding elevated the apparent digestibility of crude protein,acid detergent fiber,and ether extract in pigs(P<0.01).Moreover,the FRSD group exhibited greater apparent ileal digestibility of His,Thr,Lys,and Ser than the RSD group(P<0.01).The digestible energy,metabolic energy,and nitrogen utilization were higher in the FRSD and CSD groups than in the RSD group(P<0.01).As compared to the RSD,FRSD feeding decreased the serum concentration of leptin but significantly increased the concentrations of immunoglobulin(Ig)A,IgG,ghrelin,and enzyme activities of amylase,lipase,and trypsin in the pancreas(P<0.05).Interestingly,the villus height,the ratio of villus height to crypt depth,and the activities of brush border enzymes(e.g.,maltase and sucrase)in the small intestine were higher in the CSD and FRSD groups than in the RSD group(P<0.05).As compared to the RSD,the FRSD feeding not only increased the expression level of the occludin in the small intestinal epithelium(P<0.05)but also elevated the expression levels of claudin-1,MUC1,and PepT1 genes in the duodenum,and elevated the expression levels of SGLT1 and CAT1 genes in the jejunum(P<0.05).Importantly,FRSD feeding significantly decreased the abundance of Escherichia coli,but increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and the content of butyrate in the cecum and colon(P<0.05).These results indicated that compared with rapeseed meal,fermented rapeseed meal exhibited a positive effect on improving the growth performance and intestinal health in growing pigs,and the results may also help develop novel protein sources for animal nutrition and the feed industry.

Effect of medium-chain triglycerides on growth performance, nutrient digestibility,plasma metabolites and antioxidant capacity in weanling pigs

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of medium-chain triglycerides(MCTs) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, plasma metabolites and antioxidant capacity in weanling pigs. A total of 160 weanling(Duroc × Landrace x Yorkshire) pigs(age: 21 ± 1 d; body weight: 7.50 ± 0.28 kg) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments, receiving the following diets for 28 d: control diet [containing 3.5%soybean oil(SO)], MCT1 diet(containing 0.7% MCTs and 2.8% SO), MCT2 diet(containing 1.4% MCTs and2.1% SO) and MCT3 diet(containing 2.1% MCTs and 1.4% SO). Dietary inclusion of MCTs improved the average daily gain and feed efficiency(FE) of pigs compared with the control during the first 2 weeks post-weaning(P < 0.05). A similar positive effect was also observed for the overall FE in MCT2 group(P < 0.05). Compared with the control, apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD) of ether extract was improved by MCT2 and MCT3 treatment from day 12-14 post-weaning(P < 0.05). In addition, MCT2 treatment also exerted a beneficial effect on the ATTD of dry matter(P < 0.05). The increased total protein concentration and decreased urea nitrogen and malondialdehyde levels of plasma were observed in both MCT2 and MCT3 groups on day 14 post-weaning(P < 0.05). In conclusion, MCTs could improve growth performance, nutrients utilization, and antioxidant ability of weanling piglets.

Effects of soybean raffinose on growth performance,digestibility,humoral immunity and intestinal morphology of growing pigs

There are appreciable does of raffinose in soybean,but the impacts of raffinose on pigs are poorly investigated.We used 2 experiments to investigate the influence of soybean raffinose on growth per-formance,digestibility,humoral immunity and intestinal morphology of growing pigs.In Exp.1,a total of 30 crossbred(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire)barrows(21.93±0.43 kg)were randomly divided into 3 groups,and were fed with the control diet,the control diets supplemented with 0.2%and 0.5%raffinose,respectively,for 21 d.Results showed that the addition of 0.2%or 0.5%raffinose reduced(P<0.05)average daily feed intake(ADFI),average daily gain(ADG)and nutrient digestibility,and dietary 0.5%raffinose increased the ratio of feed to gain(P<0.05).For serum indexes,dietary 0.5%raffinose decreased growth hormone and increased glucagon-like peptide-2,immunoglobulin G,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6 concentration(P<0.05).In Exp.2,a total of 24 crossbred barrows(38.41±0.45 kg)were randomly divided into 3 groups,and were fed with the control diet(ad libitum),the raffinose diet(0.5%raffinose,ad libitum),and the control diet in the same amount as the raffinose group(feed-pair group)for 14 d,respectively.Compared with the control diet,dietary 0.5%raffinose decreased ADFI(P<0.05).Intriguingly,the raffinose group had lower ADG than the feed-pair group,lower nutrient digestibility,lower amylase activity in duodenum,lower amylase,lipase and trypsin ac-tivities in jejunum and higher TNF-αconcentration in serum compared with the other 2 groups,and a higher ratio of villus height to crypt depth compared with the control group(P<0.05).These results showed that soybean raffinose could reduce feed voluntary intake and body gain while improving in-testinal morphology without a significant negative influence on immunity.Taken together,dietary raffinose could decrease growth performance by reducing both feed intake and nutrient digestibility while inducing humoral immune response of growing pigs.

Total Tract Apparent Digestibility, Serum Fatty Acid Profile, and Productive Performances of Mid-lactating Dairy Cows Fed with Dietary Betaine

It is hypothesized that betaine supplementation improves production performance in mid-lactation dairy cows.Twenty-one mid-lactation dairy cows were assigned to a 3×3 Latin square design with three periods of 28 d each and fed three treatments of betaine(0,100,and 200 g/d).Milk samples were collected on day 21 and day 28 of each period.During days 21 to 28,cows were fed with chromic oxide(15 g/d per cow).On days 26 to 28,fecal samples were collected to determine apparent total tract nutrient digestion.Blood samples were obtained on days 26 to 28 of each period for fatty acid(FA)analysis.Data were analyzed using the Proc Mixed in SAS.Apparent total tract dry matter(DM)digestibility tended to be greater for cows supplemented with 100 g betaine as compared to no dietary betaine(61 vs.58±1%;p=0.1).In contrast,DM intake(DMI),milk fat percent,milk yield,energy-corrected milk(ECM)yield,and milk FA composition did not differ among treatments.Supplementation of betaine can decrease the serum saturated FA C11,C12,C15 and C17,total monounsaturated FA,and C18:2 all trans-9,12.In addition,total serum n-3 polyunsaturated FA was significantly increased.This result can decrease total serum n-6 to n-3 ratio(6.80,7.07,and 6.50±0.16%,for 0,100,and 200 g betaine,respectively;p=0.04).Overall,even betaine supplementation did not change DMI or production,betaine could affect the DM digestibility and serum FA biosynthesis.

Active dry yeast supplementation improves the growth performance,rumen fermentation, and immune response of weaned beef calves

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the potential benefits of active dry yeast(ADY)on the growth performance,rumen fermentation,nutrient digestibility,and serum parameters of weaned beef calves.Thirty Simmental crossbred male calves(body weight=86.47±4.41 kg and 70±4 d of age)were randomly divided into 2 groups:control(CON)(fed basal ration)and ADY(fed basal ration and 5 g/d ADY per calf).The dietary concentrate-to-roughage ratio was 35:65.All the calves were regularly provided rations 3 times a day at 07:00,13:00,and 19:00 and had free access to wate r.The experiment lasted for 60 d.The average daily gain of ADY group was higher(P=0.007)than that of the CON group,and the ratio of feed intake to average daily gain in the ADY group was reduced(P=0.022)as compared to the CON group.The concentration of ruminal ammonia-N was higher(P=0.023)in the CON group than that in the ADY group,but an opposite trend of microbial protein was found between the 2 groups.Also,the ruminal concentrations of propionate and butyrate were higher(P<0.05)in the ADY group than those in the CON group.Calves fed ADY exhibited higher(P<0.05)crude protein and neutral detergent fiber digestibility.Supplementation of ADY increased(P<0.05)the contents of glucose,glutathione peroxidase,superoxide dismutase,immunoglobulin A,immunoglobulin M,and interleukin 10 in the serum of calves,but an opposite trend was observed in malondialdehyde,interleukin 1 beta,and tumor necrosis factor alpha contents between the 2 groups.In conclusion,dietary supplementation with ADY could improve the growth performance,rumen fermentation,nutrient digestibility,antioxidant ability,and immune response of weaned beef calves.

Effects of neutral phytase on growth performance and phosphorus utilization in crucian carp(Carassius auratus)

A feeding trial was conducted for nine weeks to investigate the effects of partially replacing Ca（H2PO4）2 with neutral phytase on the growth performance, phosphorus utilization, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical parameters, bone and carcass mineral composition, and digestive-enzyme-specific activity in crucian carp（Carassius auratus）.The diets prepared with 0.8%, 0%, and 1.8% Ca（H2PO4）2（1%=1 g/100 g） supplements were regarded as the P1E0, negative control（NC）, and positive control（PC） groups, respectively; the other three experimental diets were prepared with the addition of 200, 300, and 500 U/kg of neutral phytase, respectively, based on the P1E0 group.Three hundred and eighty-four fish（（1.50±0.01） g） were randomly distributed in the six treatments with four replicates each.The fish were initially fed with 2%–3% diets of their body weight per day, with feeding twice daily（08：00 and 16：00）, under a 12-h light/12-h dark cycle at the temperature of（27.56±0.89） ℃.The results showed that supplemental phytase at different levels in the diet improved the final body weight, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, phosphorus utilization, and protein efficiency ratio of crucian carp（P〈0.05）.Phytase supplementation increased the mineral content in serum（P）, bone（P, Ca）, and carcass（P, Ca, Zn, Na, and Mg）（P〈0.05）; the trypsin and chymotrypsin activity soared when fed with the phytase-supplemented diets（P〈0.05）.We may conclude that supplemental dietary neutral phytase improved the growth performance, phosphorus utilization as well as nutrient utilization in crucian carp, and it can be considered an important nutritional replacement for Ca（H2PO4）2.

复合益生菌发酵饲料对肉羊生长性能、养分表观消化率、粪便微生物菌群和血清指标的影响

试验旨在研究复合益生菌发酵饲料对肉羊生长性能、养分表观消化率、粪便微生物菌群和血清指标的影响。选择64只体重(29.25±0.35) kg、健康的杜寒杂交育肥公羊,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复4只羊。对照组、试验1组、试验2组、试验3组分别在基础饲粮中添加0、5%、10%、15%复合益生菌发酵饲料。试验期60 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,试验1组平均日增重显著升高(P<0.05),试验2组和试验3组末重和平均日增重均显著升高(P<0.05),料重比均显著降低(P<0.05);试验2组和试验3组的粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)表观消化率均显著升高(P<0.05);试验1组、试验2组和试验3组的乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌数量均显著升高(P<0.05),大肠杆菌数量均显著降低(P<0.05);试验2组和试验3组的沙门氏菌数量显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,试验2组、试验3组的免疫球蛋白G (IgG)、免疫球蛋白A (IgA)、白细胞介素-2 (IL-2)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)含量以及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均显著升高(P<0.05),谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活性以及尿素氮(BUN)、丙二醛(MDA)含量均显著降低(P<0.05)。研究表明,肉羊饲粮中添加10%和15%复合益生菌发酵饲料能够改善肉羊的生长性能、粪便微生物菌群和血清指标,提高养分表观消化率。

花生秧青贮对肉羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及经济效益的影响

试验旨在研究花生秧青贮对肉羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及经济效益的影响。试验选择60只体重相近、体况良好的肉羊,随机分为4组,每组15个重复,每个重复1只羊。对照组肉羊饲喂全株玉米青贮饲粮,试验1组使用20%的花生秧青贮替代全株玉米青贮,试验2组使用40%的花生秧青贮替代全株玉米青贮,试验3组使用80%的花生秧青贮替代全株玉米青贮。试验期60 d。结果表明,各花生秧青贮组肉羊的料重比显著低于对照组(P<0.05),平均日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验2组和试验3组肉羊对粗蛋白和中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验2组和试验3组肉羊血清中总蛋白水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),尿素氮和甘油三酯水平及谷丙转氨酶活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。各花生秧青贮组养殖的利润均高于对照组,且随着花生秧青贮用量的增大呈上升趋势。研究表明,花生秧青贮可以提高肉羊的生长性能及养分表观消化率,改善血清生化指标,提高养殖利润。综合考虑,肉羊养殖中使用40%~80%的花生秧青贮比较适宜。

中草药添加剂对西门塔尔牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和经济效益的影响

试验旨在研究不同水平中草药(补益健脾为主)添加剂对西门塔尔肉牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和经济效益的影响。选取40头12月龄、平均体重(275.15±3.50)kg的西门塔尔牛随机分为4组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头牛,组间体重差异不显著。采用单因素随机区组试验设计,对照组(CON组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验1组、试验2组、试验3组饲喂额外添加100、150、200 g/(头·d)中草药添加剂。试验预试期5 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:①与CON组相比,试验1、2、3组的平均日增重(ADG)分别提高了39.71%、22.06%、17.65%(P>0.05);试验1、2、3组料重比(F/G)分别降低23.23%、18.04%、14.35%(P>0.05);②与CON组相比,各试验组NDF、ADF表观消化率极显著提高(P<0.01),其中试验1组最高,分别提高了0.96%、2.79%;试验1、2组CP表观消化率极显著提高(P<0.01),其中试验1组最高,提高了2.85%。试验1、2组EE表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05),其中试验1组最高,提高了4.44%。各组间CF、OM、DM含量均无显著差异(P>0.05);③试验1组总增重最高,净利润较对照组提高了28.37%(P<0.05)。在本试验条件下,中草药添加剂适宜添加量为100 g/(头·d),可以提高西门塔尔牛平均日增重,降低料重比,提高主要营养素表观消化率,增加养殖效益。

液态饲喂杂粕型饲粮对生长猪生长性能、养分消化率、血清炎性因子及粪便短链脂肪酸含量的影响

本试验旨在研究液态饲喂杂粕型饲粮对生长猪生长性能、养分消化率、血清炎性因子及粪便短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)含量的影响。选取平均体重为(30.00±4.26)kg的“杜×长×大”三元杂交猪126头,随机分为3组,每组7个重复,每个重复6头猪。试验Ⅰ组饲喂豆粕型颗粒饲粮;试验Ⅱ组饲喂杂粕型颗粒饲粮(由双低菜籽粕、玉米胚芽粕、喷浆玉米皮及米糠替代部分豆粕和玉米组成);试验Ⅲ组饲喂杂粕型液态饲粮,即在杂粕型饲粮的基础上加入2.7倍的水,混合均匀后饲喂。各组饲粮营养水平基本一致。试验期56 d。结果表明:1)试验全期,与试验Ⅰ组相比,试验Ⅱ组平均日采食量和平均日增重分别降低了2.29%和5.33%(P>0.05),料重比提高了3.40%(P>0.05);与试验Ⅱ组相比,试验Ⅲ组平均日采食量和平均日增重分别提高了7.04%(P<0.05)和6.32%(P>0.05)。2)试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组干物质、总能和粗蛋白质消化率极显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01),粗脂肪、磷和粗灰分消化率显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组间各养分消化率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)试验Ⅲ组粪便丁酸含量显著高于试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05),与试验Ⅰ组差异不显著(P>0.05)。4)与试验Ⅰ组相比,试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组血清抗炎因子白细胞介素-10(IL-10)含量极显著提高(P<0.01),试验Ⅱ组血清促炎因子白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量显著提高(P<0.05);与试验Ⅱ组相比,试验Ⅲ组血清IL-1β含量显著降低(P<0.05),血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)和TNF-α含量有一定程度降低但未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。综上可知,与豆粕型颗粒饲粮相比,杂粕型颗粒饲粮会降低生长猪采食量和养分消化率,提高血清炎性因子含量,而通过液态方式饲喂杂粕型饲粮可改善饲粮适口性,提高生长猪采食量,降低血清促炎因子IL-1β含量,对养分消化率无改善作用。

不同蛋白质、能量水平饲粮对舍饲育肥牦牛生长性能、养分表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究不同蛋白质、能量水平饲粮对舍饲育肥牦牛生长性能、养分表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响。选取年龄相近、体况良好、体重[(180.00±11.67)kg]相近的公牦牛90头,随机分为9组,每组10头。采用2因素3水平随机区组进行设计,即低(12.5%)、中(15.5%)、高(18.5%)3个蛋白质水平和低(6.5 MJ/kg)、中(7.5 MJ/kg)、高(8.5 MJ/kg)3个综合净能水平,按3×3(蛋白质水平×综合净能水平)设计9种不同蛋白质和能量水平的全混合日粮(TMR),每个试验组饲喂1种,预试期20 d,正试期90 d。结果表明:1)饲粮蛋白质水平对所测各生长性能指标影响均不显著(P>0.05);饲粮综合净能水平对总增重(TWG)和平均日增重(ADG)影响显著(P<0.05),对料重比(F/G)影响极显著(P<0.01);饲粮蛋白质水平和综合净能水平两者交互对TWG、ADG和F/G影响极显著(P<0.01)。2)饲粮蛋白质水平对粗蛋白质(CP)和粗灰分(Ash)表观消化率影响极显著(P<0.01),对酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和粗纤维(CF)表观消化率影响显著(P<0.05);饲粮综合净能水平对Ash表观消化率影响显著(P<0.05);饲粮蛋白质水平和综合净能水平两者交互对干物质(DM)和Ash表观消化率影响显著(P<0.05)。3)饲粮蛋白质水平对血清尿素氮(UN)含量影响极显著(P<0.01),对磷(P)含量影响显著(P<0.05);饲粮综合净能水平对血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、UN、甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TC)含量影响极显著(P<0.01),对总胆汁酸(TBA)含量影响显著(P<0.05);饲粮蛋白质水平和综合净能水平两者交互对血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性和UN含量影响极显著(P<0.01),对肌酐(CRE)和P含量影响显著(P<0.05)。由此得出,在本试验条件下,饲粮综合净能水平对牦牛生长性能的影响大于蛋白质水平的影响;饲粮蛋白质水平对牦牛养分表观消化率的影响大于综合净能水平对其的影响;饲粮中综合净能水平为8.5 MJ/kg、蛋白质水平为15.5%时,舍饲育肥牦牛生长性能最佳。

日粮添加三丁酸甘油酯对肉鸡生长性能、养分消化率和血清生化指标的影响

文章旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平三丁酸甘油酯对肉鸡综合性能的影响。本试验将160只体重相近、健康无病的1日龄肉鸡随机分为4组,每组4个重复。对照组肉鸡饲喂基础日粮。试验I、II和III组分别在基础日粮中添加1000、1500、2000mg/kg三丁酸甘油酯。预饲期7d,正试期42d。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组肉鸡的42日龄体重和平均日增重显著增加(P <0.05),试验II、III组肉鸡的料重比显著降低(P <0.05),但平均日采食量无显著差异(P> 0.05);试验组干物质、粗蛋白质、粗纤维及能量的表观消化率均显著增加(P <0.05);试验组肉鸡血清中总蛋白质含量和高密度脂蛋白含量显著增加(P <0.05),总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量显著降低(P <0.05),各试验组肉鸡血清中低密度脂蛋白含量较对照组无显著差异(P> 0.05)。总的来讲,日粮中添加三丁酸甘油酯能有效改善肉鸡生长性能,提升养分表观消化率,改善血清生化指标,综合考虑,肉鸡日粮中三丁酸甘油酯的最适添加量为1500mg/kg。

葡萄皮渣发酵饲料对仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标及养分消化率的影响

本试验将不同水平的葡萄皮渣发酵饲料添加到仔猪日粮中,研究对其生长性能、血清免疫指标和养分消化率的影响。试验将108只仔猪平均分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复组9只仔猪,分别为对照组、试验I组(2.5%葡萄皮渣发酵饲料添加组)、试验Ⅱ组(5.0%葡萄皮渣发酵饲料添加组)和试验Ⅲ组(10.0%葡萄皮渣发酵饲料添加组)。试验为期40d,期间仔猪自由采食。结果发现,与对照组相比,在日粮中添加不同水平的葡萄皮渣发酵饲料对仔猪末重、平均日增重及料重比均有显著影响(P <0.05),其中5.0%葡萄皮渣发酵饲料添加组对提高仔猪生长性能效果最显著(P <0.05),仔猪平均日增重比对照组提高9.10%,料重比较对照组降低8.81%;其次,在日粮中添加不同水平的葡萄皮渣发酵饲料对仔猪血清中的IgA、IgG、IgM等免疫指标均有显著影响(P <0.05),试验结果显示,饲料中5.0%葡萄皮渣发酵饲料组的免疫指标和对照组相比差异显著(P <0.05),IgA、IgG、IgM分别提高了16.7%、22.10%和38.89%。最后,在日粮中添加不同水平的葡萄皮渣发酵饲料对仔猪养分消化率也有显著影响(P <0.05),其中5.0%葡萄皮渣发酵饲料添加组养分消化率指标与对照组相比差异显著(P <0.05),粗纤维消化率和粗蛋白质消化率分别比对照组提高8.29%和8.02%。研究结果表明,在日粮中添加5.0%的葡萄皮渣发酵饲料,对仔猪的生长促进效果最明显,可使仔猪的饲料效率最佳。