Considering calcium-binding proteins in invertebrates: multi-functional proteins that shape neuronal growth

Calcium is a critical second messenger molecule in all cells and is vital in neurons for synaptic transmission.Given this importance,calcium ions are tightly controlled by a host of molecular players including ion channels,sensors,and buffering proteins.Calcium can act directly by binding to signaling molecules or calcium’s effects can be indirect,for example by altering nuclear histones.

Convergence of shape optimization calculations of mechanical components using adaptive biological growth and iterative finite element methods

Shape optimization of mechanical components is one of the issues that have been considered in recent years. Different methods were presented such as adaptive biological for reducing costs and increasing accuracy. The effects of step factor, the number of control points and the definition way of control points coordinates in convergence rate were studied. A code was written using ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL) which receives the studied parameters as input and obtains the optimum shape for the components. The results show that for achieving successful optimization, step factor should be in a specific range. It is found that the use of any coordinate system in defining control points coordinates and selection of any direction for stimulus vector of algorithm will also result in optimum shape. Furthermore, by increasing the number of control points, some non-uniformities are created in the studied boundary. Achieving acceptable accuracy seems impossible due to the creation of saw form at the studied boundary which is called "saw position".

Monte Carlo simulation of asymmetrical growth of cube-shaped nanoparticles

We simulated the asymmetrical growth of cube-shaped nanoparticles by applying the Monte Carlo method.The influence of the specific mechanisms on the crystal growth of nanoparticles has been phenomenologically described by efficient growth possibilities along different directions（or crystal faces）.The roles of the thermodynamic and kinetic factors have been evaluated in three phenomenological models.The simulation results would benefit the understanding about the cause and manner of the asymmetrical growth of nanoparticles.

可逆锌-空气电池锌阳极研究进展及挑战

锌-空气电池因安全性高、容量大、成本低和环境友好等特点而受到广泛关注。其中,锌-空气电池阴极双功能催化剂的设计开发取得了突破性进展。因此,锌阳极的可逆性成为决定锌-空气电池充放电性能的关键。然而,锌阳极仍面临枝晶、形变、钝化、析氢腐蚀等严重挑战,直接阻碍了可逆锌-空气电池的实际应用。为此,本文从枝晶形成、电极形变、钝化、析氢腐蚀四个方面系统介绍了锌阳极研究现状;讨论了添加剂、涂层、隔膜和充电方式对锌枝晶生长的影响;提出了电极形变的机理和常见解决方案;归纳了锌阳极发生钝化的关键因素和影响机制;分析了合金组分对析氢腐蚀的抑制。最后,基于锌阳极当前的主要研究现状,本文展望了获得稳定可逆锌阳极的多种策略及研究方向。

修枝强度对刺槐林木生长、干形及花叶的影响

为通过修枝科学高效地培育刺槐林并实现全面利用,以刺槐实生人工林为研究对象,通过修枝抚育措施,选取6种修枝强度进行随机区组试验,以生长指标、干形指标及花叶形态与生物量为监测指标,分析比较不同修枝强度下刺槐的响应。从生长指标来看,刺槐林分平均胸径、平均材积在1/2修枝强度下生长更好且存在显著差异;修枝对平均树高、平均冠幅影响不大;随着修枝强度的增大,枝下高也随之增大。从干形指标来看,各修枝强度对尖削度无显著影响;形率上除常规修枝外,其他修枝强度均与对照相比有显著性差异;对高径比的分析表明,1/2修枝强度下干形更加细长,对照则更粗壮;随着修枝强度的增加,活冠高逐渐降低,对照与常规修枝二者存在显著差异。从单株叶数量与重量看,1/3修枝强度下收获最多。从刺槐复叶形态上看,不同修枝强度下的刺槐复叶长无显著差异,修枝强度对刺槐复叶宽与小叶长宽都有显著影响。单株花数量与重量则是对照收获最多。对于刺槐花的形态,不同修枝强度对花序长宽无显著影响,不同修枝强度下龙骨瓣、翼瓣、旗瓣与花萼在不同的花期会有不同的表现。刺槐林分对不同修枝强度的响应具有显著差异性,可通过修枝科学高效地培育刺槐林并实现全面利用。为实现能源林培育,1/2修枝强度下生长指标最好,且修下的枝同样可作为薪炭燃烧。为培育无节、饱满、通直的优质建筑材,采用1/2修枝强度对刺槐林生长、干形的促进效果最好。叶的生物量与形态指标对饲料林培育十分关键,以1/3修枝强度最佳;花的生物量与形态指标对蜜源林培育十分关键,以不修枝为宜。

碲锌镉晶体生长温度梯度与界面形状稳定性关系的研究

碲锌镉晶体被广泛用作红外探测器碲镉汞薄膜的外延衬底和制造室温核辐射探测器。在晶体生长过程中,界面形状与热量传输状态密切相关。本文结合数值模拟技术控制碲锌镉晶体生长过程中温度场分布,设计了垂直布里奇曼法和垂直温度梯度凝固法微凸固液界面的晶体生长程序,并根据实际晶体生长实验,分析了晶体生长方法差异与碲锌镉晶体单晶率之间的关系。通过光致发光谱进行成分测试获得了碲锌镉晶体等径段纵截面中Zn值分布谱图,以研究固液界面温度场分布与晶体Zn值宏观偏析之间的关系。结果表明,在晶体生长过程中固液界面两侧温场梯度分布对界面的形状选择和稳定性有重要影响,更大的固相侧温度梯度有助于实现稳定的凸界面晶体生长,从而提高晶体成晶率。

酿酒葡萄“厂”形四步整形技术及应用效果调查

西北地区的葡萄栽培中,秋季的埋土防寒是必要环节,因此适宜的整形技术是保证葡萄酒产业可持续发展的重要措施。文章以‘赤霞珠’和‘马瑟兰’等主要酿酒品种为对象,根据多年实践经验总结出了“厂”形的四步整形技术:一年培育壮苗,二年培育壮蔓,三年上架结果,四年基本成形。通过调查各品种幼龄树的生长发育情况发现,栽植第一年多数品种的新梢在秋季的成熟芽眼数达到10个以上,但第二年‘赤霞珠’‘美乐’‘马瑟兰’3品种的长势较好,其它品种长势较差;对产量和品质的调查发现,各品种四年生树的产量较低,并以‘赤霞珠’和‘马瑟兰’品种表现较好,分别达到十年生树的78.19%和68.65%;而果实品质与十年生树无明显差异。综上所述,“厂”形树形适用于西北埋土防寒区酿酒葡萄栽培。

创新集聚对工业绿色转型的影响

本文通过构建包含创新集聚部门的新经济增长模型,理论阐释了创新集聚对工业绿色转型的非线性作用机制,并基于2006—2020年中国282个城市面板数据,实证检验了创新集聚对工业绿色转型的非线性影响及异质性、空间溢出效应,并验证财政纵向失衡和外商直接投资在其中的调节效应。研究发现:创新集聚对工业绿色转型影响呈U型特征;创新集聚在有效推动东部城市、一线城市工业绿色转型的同时,却抑制了中部城市、资源型城市、四五线城市工业绿色转型;创新集聚影响工业绿色转型的U型特征受到财政纵向失衡的负向调节和外商直接投资的正向调节;创新集聚对地理距离相近地区工业绿色转型的影响存在显著的倒U型空间溢出效应。

The shape character and development stage of nebkha

Based on statistical analysis on morphological data of nebkhas surveyed in the Hotan River Basin,Xinjiang, the changing regularity and characters of nebkhas’ morphology in different development stageshave been discussed. Results indicate that there exist better correlation among length, width and altitudeof all kinds of nebkhas, but there are certain various shape characters in different nebkhas and the sametype of nebkhas in differential development stages. On account of analysis on mathematical imitation ofnebkhas’ shape characters, regional ecological environmental and aeolian characters, the development ofthe nebkha can be divided into a growing stage, a stabilizing stage and a declining stage.

Synthesis of tetrapod-shaped ZnO whiskers and microrods in one crucible by thermal evaporation of Zn/C mixtures

Tetrapod-shaped ZnO whiskers and microrods were synthesized in one crucible by thermal evaporation of Zn/C mixtures at 930 ℃ in air without any catalyst.The digital camera,optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,and X-ray diffraction techniques were used to study the morphologies and crystal structures of these tetrapod-shaped ZnO microcrystals.The results show that these two types of ZnO tetrapods are grown at different heights within the same crucible.The legs of these tetrapod-shaped ZnO crystals are hexagonally faceted.Some tetrapod-shaped ZnO whiskers show hierarchical structures.A short button-like hexagonal ZnO microcrystal is observed at the triple junctions of some tetrapod-shaped ZnO whiskers.The tetrapod-shaped ZnO microrods are capped by two sets of hexagonal pyramids with two different groups of crystal planes for the surfaces.These two types of tetrapod-shaped ZnO microcrystals have different side faces and aspect ratio,which are believed to be the result of their different growth behaviors.The octa-twin model was used to discuss the different growth behaviors of these two types of ZnO tetrapods.The crystal planes of the legs and the pyramids were determined.

Incorporating S-shaped testing-effort functions into NHPP software reliability model with imperfect debugging

Testing-effort（TE） and imperfect debugging（ID） in the reliability modeling process may further improve the fitting and prediction results of software reliability growth models（SRGMs）. For describing the S-shaped varying trend of TE increasing rate more accurately, first, two S-shaped testing-effort functions（TEFs）, i.e.,delayed S-shaped TEF（DS-TEF） and inflected S-shaped TEF（IS-TEF）, are proposed. Then these two TEFs are incorporated into various types（exponential-type, delayed S-shaped and inflected S-shaped） of non-homogeneous Poisson process（NHPP）SRGMs with two forms of ID respectively for obtaining a series of new NHPP SRGMs which consider S-shaped TEFs as well as ID. Finally these new SRGMs and several comparison NHPP SRGMs are applied into four real failure data-sets respectively for investigating the fitting and prediction power of these new SRGMs.The experimental results show that：（i） the proposed IS-TEF is more suitable and flexible for describing the consumption of TE than the previous TEFs;（ii） incorporating TEFs into the inflected S-shaped NHPP SRGM may be more effective and appropriate compared with the exponential-type and the delayed S-shaped NHPP SRGMs;（iii） the inflected S-shaped NHPP SRGM considering both IS-TEF and ID yields the most accurate fitting and prediction results than the other comparison NHPP SRGMs.

Growing actin networks regulated by obstacle size and shape

Growing actin networks provide the driving force for the motility of cells and intracellular pathogens. Based on the molecular-level processes of actin polymerization, branching, capping, and depolymerization, we have developed a modeling framework to simulate the stochastic and cooperative behaviors of growing actin networks in propelling obstacles, with an emphasis on the size and shape effects on work capacity and filament orientation in the growing process. Our results show that the characteristic size of obstacles changes the protrusion power per unit length, without influencing the orientation distribution of actin filaments in growing networks. In contrast, the geometry of obstacles has a profound effect on filament patterning, which influences the orientation of filaments differently when the drag coefficient of environment is small, intermediate, or large. We also discuss the role of various parameters, such as the aspect ratio of obstacles, branching rate, and capping rate, in affecting the protrusion power of network growth.

Shaping Growth Fortunes

A lot of changes have transpired in the global economy, in China, as well as in South Africa since the bilateral relations between South Africa, Africa＇s most industrialized country, and China, Asia＇s powerhouse, were established on January 1, 1998. As the global economy finds its feet 10 years after the global financial crisis, China is now in its ＂new normal＂ featuring medium and low economic growth and South Africa is preoccupied with various political and economic challenges in a subdued African growth environment. What then has transpired in this commercial corridor over the past two decades？

Epitaxial growth of diamond single crystal on surface of milled diamond seeds at high pressure and high temperature

Diamond single crystal was epitaxially grown on the surface of diamond seeds with rough planes at high pressure and high temperature(HPHT)conditions.Fe80Ni20alloy powder was used as catalyst/solvent and natural flake-like graphite was used as carbon source.Diamond single crystals were grown on the diamond seeds at 4.8GPa and 1500K.The morphology of the samples was observed by SEM.The mechanism of diamond growth with smooth planes from original seed with rough planes was studied.

不同林龄杉木人工林树冠形态因子与生长形质通径分析

【目的】研究不同林龄杉木树冠形态因子对单株材积指数、胸径、无节材长度的影响,确定杉木在不同龄级阶段树冠形态调控的重点和方向,为培育速生丰产杉木林提供科学依据。【方法】以江西大岗山3个不同龄级的杉木人工林为研究对象,使用相关性分析和通径分析方法,对杉木树冠形态因子与单株材积指数、胸径、无节材长度的关系进行分析。【结果】不同龄级阶段,树冠形态因子与生长形质性状具有明显相关性,且在中龄林阶段时相关性最为显著。树冠形态因子对生长形质性状的直接作用具有显著差异,冠幅、冠形率对生长形质性状具有极显著的促进作用,冠长率对生长形质性状具有极显著的负效应,随着林分的生长,树冠形态因子对生长形质性状的影响逐渐减弱,杉木树冠形态调控的最佳时间为幼龄林和中龄林阶段。不同的林分生长阶段,树冠形态因子对生长形质性状的相对重要性呈现不同的排序,培育速生丰产杉木理想冠形的调控重点和方向有所差异。幼龄林阶段,树冠形态因子对3个生长形质性状的相对重要性排序由大到小依次为冠长率、冠形率、冠幅;中龄林阶段,对胸径和单株材积指数的相对重要性排序由大到小依次为冠长率、冠幅、冠形率,对无节材长度的相对重要性排序由大到小依次为冠长率、冠形率、冠幅;近熟林阶段,对单株材积指数、胸径和无节材长度影响最重要的树冠形态因子分别为冠形率、冠幅、冠长率。树冠形态因子对生长形质性状整体作用的相对重要性排序,幼龄林阶段为冠长率第1、冠形率第2、冠幅第3;中龄林阶段冠长率第1、冠幅第2、冠形率第3;近熟林阶段为冠幅第1、冠长率第2、冠形率第3。【结论】促进杉木速生丰产树冠调控的重点方向,幼龄林和中龄林阶段均为降低冠长率;近熟林阶段,促进单株材积生长的调控方向为增加冠形狭长度,增加林木胸径的调控方向为增加冠幅宽度,促进无节材长度增长的调控方向为降低冠长率。不同龄级阶段的理想冠形,幼龄林阶段为低冠长率,冠形狭长和在此基础上较为宽大的冠幅;中龄林阶段为低冠长率和宽大的冠幅,以及在该基础上狭长的冠形;近熟林阶段为宽大的冠幅,低冠长率和在该基础上狭长的冠形。

叠鞘石斛组织培养及植株再生体系优化

以叠鞘石斛成熟种子为材料,使用IBA、6-BA和NAA共3种生长调节剂与香蕉泥和椰子汁有机物等组合,采用3因素3水平正交设计及单因素设计进行组织培养研究.结果显示,最佳叠鞘石斛原球茎培养基为MS+50 g/L椰子汁+30 g/L蔗糖+6 g/L琼脂,40 d增殖系数为6.75,分化率为84.38%;最佳叠鞘石斛壮苗生根培养基为1/2 MS+0.5 mg/L IBA+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA+30 g/L蔗糖+6 g/L琼脂.通过该技术,可以在较短时间获得大批量优质叠鞘石斛种苗,为大规模叠鞘石斛药材生产提供基础.

Real-Time Characterization of Crystal Shape and Size Distribution Based on Moving Window and 3D Imaging in a Stirred Tank

Crystal shape distribution, i.e. the multidimensional size distribution of crystals, is of great importance to their down-stream processing such as in filtration as well as to the end-use properties including the dissolution rate and bioavailability for crystalline pharmaceuticals. Engineering crystal shape and shape distribution requires knowledge about the growth behavior of different crystal facets under varied operational conditions e.g. supersaturations. Measurement of the facet growth rates and growth kinetics of static crystals in a crystallizer without stirring has been reported previously. Here attention is given to study on real-time characterization of the 3D facet growth behavior of crystals in a stirred tank where crystals are constantly moving and rotating. The measurement technique is stereo imaging and the crystal shape reconstruction is based on a stereo imaging camera model. By reference to a case study on potash alum crystallization, it is demonstrated that the crystal size and shape distributions (CSSD) of moving and rotating potash alum crystals in the solution can be reconstructed. The moving window approach was used to correlate 3D face growth kinetics with supersaturation (in the range 0.04 - 0.12) given by an ATR FTIR probe. It revealed that {100} is the fastest growing face, leading to a rapid reduction of its area, while the {111} face has the slowest growth rate, reflected in its area continuously getting larger.

新型数字基础设施、空间溢出与经济增长

为探究新型数字基础设施对经济增长的影响,本文首先将新型数字基础设施资本存量及其拥挤性纳入总量生产函数,构建动态一般均衡模型,从理论上探讨新型数字基础设施对经济增长的影响;其次,对2002—2020年我国各省(市、区)的新型数字基础设施进行测算和分析;最后,构建静态面板数据模型和空间面板模型,实证检验新型数字基础设施对经济增长的影响。结果表明,新型数字基础设施对经济增长的影响呈现“倒U型”变化,新型数字基础设施对经济增长具有显著的空间溢出效应。求解“倒U型”顶点对应的最优基础设施资本存量占总资本存量的比例为48.60%,目前,我国所有省(市、区)均未达到48.60%,意味着加强新型数字基础设施建设将会促进本地区和其他地区经济增长。