Study on guided-mode resonance characteristic of multilayer dielectric grating with broadband and wide using-angle

Guided-mode resonance in a diffraction band of multilayer dielectric gratings may lead to a catastrophic result in laser system, especially in the ultrashort pulse laser system, so the inhibition of guided-mode resonance is very important. In this paper the characteristics of guided-mode resonance in multilayer dielectric grating are studied with the aim of better understanding the physical process of guided-mode resonance and designing a broadband multilayer dielectric grating with no guided-mode resonance. By employing waveguide theory, all guided-wave modes appearing in multilayer dielectric grating are found, and the incident conditions, separately, corresponding to each guided-wave mode are also obtained. The electric field enhancement in multilayer dielectric grating is shown obviously. Furthermore, from the detailed analyses on the guided-mode resonance conditions, it is found that the reduction of the grating period would effectively avoid the appearing of guided-mode resonance. And the expressions for calculating maximum periods, which ensure that no guided-mode resonance occurs in the requiring broad angle or wavelength range, are first reported. The above results calculated by waveguide theory and Fourier mode method are compared with each other, and they are coincident completely. Moreover, the method that relies on waveguide theory is more helpful for understanding the guided-mode resonance excited process and analyzing how each parameter affects the characteristic of guided-mode resonance. Therefore, the effects of multilayer dielectric grating parameters, such as period, fill factor, thickness of grating layer, et al., on the guided-mode resonance characteristic are discussed in detail based on waveguide theory, and some meaningful results are obtained.

Particle swarm optimization and its application to the design of a compact tunable guided-mode resonant filter

A compact tunable guided-mode resonant filter （GMRF） in the telecommunication region near the 1550 nm wave-length is proposed in this paper. Particle swarm optimization （PSO） is used to design the GMRF. The tunability of the GMRF is achieved by an MEMS-based physical movement （in the horizontal or vertical direction） combined with an incident angle in a certain range. The results show that the resonant wavelength tuning of 110 nm （140mm） is obtained by horizontal movement of 168 nm （vertical movement of 435 nm） combined with an about 11° variation of incident angle.

Design of a coated thinly clad chalcogenide long-period fiber grating refractive index sensor based on dual-peak resonance near the phase matching turning point

A novel method for designing chalcogenide long-period fiber grating(LPFG) sensors based on the dual-peak resonance effect of the LPFG near the phase matching turning point(PMTP) is presented. Refractive index sensing in a high-refractive-index chalcogenide fiber is achieved with a coated thinly clad film. The dual-peak resonant characteristics near the PMTP and the refractive index sensing properties of the LPFG are analyzed first by the phase-matching condition of the LPFG. The effects of film parameters and cladding radius on the sensitivity of refractive index sensing are further discussed. The sensor is optimized by selecting the appropriate film parameters and cladding radius. Simulation results show that the ambient refractive index sensitivity of a dual-peak coated thinly clad chalcogenide LPFG at the PMTP can be 2400 nm/RIU, which is significantly higher than that of non-optimized gratings. It has great application potential in the field of chemical sensing and biosensors.

Resonant Characteristics in Sandwich Gratings

In this paper, the intensity distributions of the magnetic field in the proposed sandwich grating were studied. The results indicated that there were two apparent enhanced transmission peaks. The magnetic intensity distributions of these two peaks manifest that the narrow higher transmission enhancement peak was caused by guided mode resonance and the other wide low one was formed by surface plasmon resonance. The resonant wavelength was estimated by the momentum matching conditions of resonance.

Effect of cyclotron resonance on ‘hot’ dispersion in a staggered double metallic grating sheet beam travelling wave tube

Based on the beam wave synchronous interaction in transverse and longitudinal directions at the same time and starting from Maxwell’s equation and linear Vlasov equation, the beam–wave interaction ‘hot’ dispersion equation considering both cyclotron resonance and Cherenkov resonance in a staggered double metallic grating traveling wave tube is deduced.Through the reasonable selection for geometric and electrical parameters, the numerical calculation and analysis of the ‘hot’ dispersion equation shows that the beam–wave interaction gain and frequency band with the cyclotron resonance enhancement effect are higher than those with only Cherenkov resonance radiation.

Enhanced organic solar cell performance: Multiple surface plasmon resonance and incorporation of silver nanodisks into a grating‐structure electrode

In this study, plasmonic nanostructures were examined to enhance the light harvesting of organic thin-film solar cells (OSCs) by multiple surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomena originating from the grating-coupled configuration with a Blu-ray Disc recordable (BD-R)-imprinted aluminum (Al) grating structure and the incorporation of a series of silver nanodisks (Ag NDs). The devices with such a configuration maximize the light utilization inside OSCs via light absorption, light scattering, and trapping via multiple surface plasmon resonances. Different types and sizes of metallic nanoparticles (NPs), i.e., gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), Ag nanospheres (Ag NSs), and Ag NDs, were used, which were blended separately in a PEDOT:PSS hole transport layer (HTL). The device structure comprised of grating- imprinted-Al/P3HT:PCBM/Ag ND:PEDOT:PSS/ITO. Results obtained from the J–V curves revealed that the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of grating-structured Al/P3HT:PCBM/PEDOT:PSS/ITO is 3.16%;this value is ~6% higher than that of a flat substrate. On the other hand, devices with flat Al and incorporated Au NPs, Ag NSs, or Ag NDs in the HTL exhibited PCEs ranging from 3.15% to 3.37%. Furthermore, OSCs with an Al grating substrate were developed by the incorporation of the Ag ND series into the PEDOT:PSS layer. Compared with that of a reference device, the PCEs of the devices increased to 3.32%–3.59%(11%–20% improvement), indicating that the light absorption enhancement at the active layer corresponds to the grating-coupled surface plasmon resonance and localized surface plasmon resonance excitations with strong near-field distributions penetrating into the active layer leading to higher efficiencies and subsequent better current generation.

Fabry–Prot resonance coupling associated exceptional points in a composite grating structure

The exceptional point（EP） is a significant and attractive phenomenon in an open quantum system. The scattering properties of light are similar to those in the open quantum system, which makes it possible to achieve EP in the optic system. Here we investigate the EP in a Fabry–P′erot（F–P） resonant coupling structure. The coupling between different types of F–P resonances leads to a near zero reflection, which results in a degeneration of eigenstates and thus the appearing of EP. Furthermore, the multi-wavelength EPs and unidirectional invisibility can be achieved which may be used in integrated photonics systems.

Extraordinary Acoustic Transmission in a Helmholtz Resonance Cavity-Constructed Acoustic Grating

We investigate both experimentally and numerically a complex structure, where ＇face-to-face＇ Helmholtz resonance cavities （HRCs） are introduced to construct a one-dimensional acoustic grating. In this system, pairs of HRCs can intensely couple with each other in two forms： a bonding state and an anti-bonding state, analogous to the character of hydrogen molecule with two atoms due to the interference of wave functions of sound among the acoustic local-resonating structures. The bonding state is a ＇bright＇ state that interferes with the Fabry-Pbrot resonance mode, thereby causing this state to break up into two modes as the splitting of the extraordinary acoustic transmission peak. On the contrary, the anti-bonding state is a ＇dark＇ state in which the resonance mode remains entirely localized within the HRCs, and has no contribution to the acoustic transmission.

High-sensitivity Bloch surface wave sensor with Fano resonance in grating-coupled multilayer structures

A new type of device consisting of a lithium niobate film coupled with a distributed Bragg reflector(DBR)was theoretically proposed to explore and release Bloch surface waves for applications in sensing and detection.The film and grating made of lithium niobate(LiNbO_(3))were placed on both sides of the DBR and a concentrated electromagnetic field was formed at the film layer.By adjusting the spatial incidence angle of the incident light,two detection and analysis modes were obtained,including surface diffraction detection and guided Bloch detection.Surface diffraction detection was used to detect the gas molecule concentrations,while guided Bloch detection was applied for the concentration detection of biomolecule-modulated biological solutions.According to the drift of the Fano curve,the average sensor sensitivities from the analysis of the two modes were 1560°/RIU and 1161°/RIU,and the maximum detection sensitivity reached2320/RIU and 2200°/RIU,respectively.This study revealed the potential application of LiNbO_(3)as a tunable material when combined with DBR to construct a new type of biosensor,which offered broad application prospects in Bloch surface wave biosensors.

Transmission resonance and color generation of metal-dielectric subwavelength gratings in visible regions

Metal-dielectric subwavelength gratings under s-polarized and p-polarized visible radiation are studied for discovering their intriguing behaviors of spectral resonance and color property.The dependence of their resonance and color on grating parameters as well as angle of incidence and position of plane of incidence is also analyzed.For s-polarized light,the behavior of spectral resonance with single peak and higher peak efficiency is found.While transmission spectra for p-polarized light are not able to achieve a behavior like that of s-polarization,creating a perceived color is feasible.Moreover,a security grating with distinctive color shifts has been designed and its resonant properties as well as related color variation have also been provided.

Analysis of Resonance Absorption in Multilayered Thin-Film Bi-Grating

The resonance absorption of a multilayered bi-grating which consists of thin-film corrugated periodically in two directions is investigated. The absorption in a multilayered thin-film bi-grating has been of considerable interest since we can expect more complex behaviors in the absorption phenomen by virtue of the presence of double periodicity and multilayer structure. In solving the problem, we employed a computational technique based on modal expansion. Taking a sandwiched structure /Ag/SiO2/Ag/ for an example, we observed: 1) excitation of a single-interface surface plasmon mode at the lit surface of the 1st Ag layer with strong field enhancement for thick enough Ag layer case;2) excitation of coupled short-range or long-range surface plasmon modes at each surface between vacuum and Ag layers with strong field enhancements for thin enough Ag layer cases no matter with the thickness of SiO2 layers;3) enhancements of field at surfaces between Ag and SiO2 layers in some cases related with the thickness of SiO2 layers. The coupled plasmon modes were resulted by the resonance waves on four surfaces in these cases.

变周期亚波长介质光栅多层膜的双重Fano共振特性

现在众多传感结构模型只能对单变量待测样本折射率进行传感检测,为实现不同待测样本的高通量检测并降低环境因素的干扰,提出了一种基于波长调制的变周期亚波长介质光栅多层膜复合结构。以双周期为例进行分析,变周期光栅层由两个具有不同光栅周期的介质光栅A和B组成,通过有限元法对传输特性进行分析,TE偏振入射光以垂直于光栅层表面的方式入射至介质光栅表面,当在介质光栅区域A和B内分别满足相位匹配条件时,变周期亚波长介质光栅会形成GMR,提供两个具有单一窄带的双离散态共振缺陷峰;由于类F-P腔中含有周期性光子晶体,光波传播到光子晶体会产生光子禁带,提供一个较宽频带的连续态。在满足相位匹配条件时,变周期亚波长波导结构中形成的双离散态共振缺陷峰与周期性光子晶体多层介质薄膜构成的类F-P腔中形成的连续态发生耦合,实现双重Fano共振。然后通过探究波导层厚度dw和光子晶体周期数N对传感特性的影响,选择dw=97 nm和N=3,使其达到FOM值最大。最终因变周期介质光栅层是由两种具有不同介质折射率的材料构成,在介质光栅区域A和B的光栅凹槽部分可设置两个传感检测单元,建立基于波长调制的双重Fano共振全电介质传感模型,设置不同的传感检测区域,发现双重Fano光谱曲线在不同传感检测区域内都能随着ns1和ns2变化,间接实现了对待测样本折射率的动态检测,因而可在同一传感结构模型中实现对不同待测样本折射率区间的多变量检测。结果表明,在传感检测单元A内,FR1和FR2的FOM值分别为631.53和463.7 RIU^(-1);在传感检测单元B内,FOM值分别为480.67和834.04 RIU^(-1)。所设计的传感结构模型通过结构参数优化,实现了传感结构的高反射率、高FOM值和较宽的检测范围,对双重Fano共振提供了理论参考,对待测样本折射率的多变量检测具有一定的研究价值。

金属光栅覆盖分布式布拉格反射镜结构的透射增强效应

为了采用易于直接激发的塔姆等离激元(Tamm plasmon polaritons,TPPs)实现透射增强现象,本文提出了一种由一维金属光栅覆盖分布式布拉格反射镜(distributed Bragg reflector,DBR)构成的层状结构.采用有限元法分析了入射光波在DBR-金属交界面上激发TPPs并产生能量高度局域的物理过程.研究表明入射TM光波在金属-DBR交界面上激发的TPPs可以有效地激发金属狭缝内的SPPs模式,当SPPs模式在狭缝内满足类FP谐振的条件就可以使入射光波在该结构中的产生透射增强.在此基础上,分析了狭缝宽度及其占空比对透射谱峰的定量影响.结果显示:周期确定时随着狭缝宽度的增大,峰值透射率则呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势;宽度确定时随着占空比的增大,峰值透射率会呈现单调降低的变化趋势,而透射峰中心波长呈现近似线性蓝移趋势,这为灵活调节异常透射的中心波长提供了一种有效手段.

基于对称破缺的导模共振耦合超窄带滤波器设计

为实现超窄带滤波器在光通讯、光传感领域的应用需求,本文提出了一种在非对称光栅波导结构中引入耦合导模共振,来完成对特定波长进行高效传输滤波。该滤波结构由集成在硅基波导上的两个具有同周期但不同填充因子的堆叠亚波长光栅构成。光从堆叠光栅中的顶部垂直入射,通过调节底部光栅的厚度和填充因子,可激发多波导模式的非对称共振耦合。仿真结果表明,利用该对称破缺导模共振耦合原理,在满足高边带抑制比的前提下,产生极强的电场增强,不仅能实现0.005nm的超窄带滤波效果,而且还具有很高的传输效率,可达到99%。

基于FBG的探针式TFBG-SPR应变传感器

本文提出了一种基于FBG的探针式倾斜光纤光栅表面等离子体共振(TFBG-SPR)应变传感器,用于同时测量温度和应变。该传感器利用SPR损耗峰作为温度传感单元,并采用倾斜光栅纤芯模式作为应变传感单元。通过观测共振峰的偏移及纤芯模式波长的变化,实现了对应变和温度变化的监测。实验结果显示,该传感器的温度灵敏度可达到-251.3pm/℃,应变灵敏度为1.3pm/με。该传感器具有高精度、良好的稳定性以及弱交叉敏感性,能够在多种场景中得到广泛应用。

InSb光栅耦合的太赫兹表面等离激元共振传感方法

仿真设计了一种光栅耦合型太赫兹(THz)表面等离激元(SPP)共振生化传感结构,该结构通过在锑化铟(InSb)基底表面刻蚀亚毫米光栅形成.基于波矢匹配方程的仿真结果表明,当TM偏振的THz平行波束以30°入射角照射到光栅区间时,光栅的–1和+1级THz衍射波束能够分别激励传播方向相反的低频SPP和高频SPP.由于采用商业THz时域谱装置可以准确测量低频SPP,本文系统地分析了低频SPP的共振和传感特性对光栅结构参数的依赖关系.仿真结果表明:InSb光栅耦合的THz-SPP共振传感芯片的折射率灵敏度随光栅周期的增大而减小;当光栅周期为120μm、入射角为30°时,折射率灵敏度为1.05 THz/RIU,在此条件下,传感芯片不能对生物分子单分子吸附层作出可探测的响应,究其原因是,低频SPP的消逝场穿透深度远大于生物分子尺寸,致使两者相互作用不足.为了探测生物分子,仿真分析了多孔薄膜覆盖InSb光栅的增敏方法.多孔薄膜具有分子富集作用,能够将THz表面波与生物靶标的相互作用从单分子尺度扩展至整个薄膜厚度,从而提高传感器的生物检测灵敏度.以酪氨酸吸附为例的仿真结果表明,当InSb光栅表面覆盖厚度为120μm、孔隙率为0.4的多孔聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)薄膜后,其吸附灵敏度为0.39 THz/单位体积分数.

全圆锥入射下基于一维共振波导光栅的入射角调谐滤波器

本文提出并展示了一种全圆锥入射下基于一维共振波导光栅的入射角调谐滤波器。通过优化光栅层厚度,使其能够在支持TE导模的同时抑制TM导模。本文设计的滤波器呈现出可调谐的单一反射峰,峰值反射率理论上可达100%。当入射角改变时,共振波长可以由642.5 nm调节至484.6 nm。该反射峰是由一级衍射波与TE导模(基模)之间的共振效应所产生的。同样地,通过按比例增加光栅层的厚度和周期可实现应用于更高动态范围的可调谐滤波器。

近红外铌酸锂光栅耦合器耦合效率优化研究

提出了一种基于铌酸锂导模结构的高效光栅耦合器设计方案及其优化的光学激发配置.利用有限时域差分算法对光栅耦合器的耦合效果进行了数值分析;主要研究了光栅周期、光栅占空比、二氧化硅隔离层厚度,以及入射光的偏振和角度对光栅耦合效率的影响;对在共振波长和非共振波长处空间光传播电场图像进行了模拟.理论仿真结果显示,在光栅周期为650 nm、光栅占空比为0.3、刻蚀深度为130 nm时,利用横磁(transverse magnetic,TM)偏振光沿光栅法线夹角17°方向入射,可获得优化的光栅耦合效率~38%,从而有效地将空间光耦合进入铌酸锂亚波长波导薄膜中,这对铌酸锂微纳光栅耦合器的设计和性能应用有借鉴和参考价值.

基于光纤传感的航发齿轮动应力测试与振动特性研究

基于光纤传感技术,研究高速圆柱齿轮辐板动应力测试方法,并针对某型发动机附件传动圆柱齿轮齿根裂纹故障问题,测量得到该齿轮在实际工况下的动应力数据。结果表明:随着转速的增加,齿轮副表现出异常振动状态;实验所得数据的频谱分析显示,主要分频在8100 Hz附近幅值具有明显变化;啮合频率(8047 Hz)与第3节径固有频率(8313.9 Hz)接近,推断故障齿轮在转速14200 r·min^(-1)下存在3节径共振。

Detecting High-Refractive-Index Media Using Surface Plasmon Sensor with One-Dimensional Metal Diffraction Grating

We experimentally detect high-refractive-index media (n > 1.5) using a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor with a diffraction grating. While SPR sensors are generally based on the attenuated total reflection method using metal films, here, we focus on a method using a diffraction grating, which can detect relatively higher refractive-index media and is suitable for device miniaturization. In this study, we used the rigorous coupled-wave analysis method to simulate the dependence of the reflectance on an incident angle for media with refractive index values up to 1.700. In the experiment, a medium (n = 1.660 - 1.700) was successfully detected using this grating. Under the conditions of the grating (period: 600 nm, Au thickness: 40 nm) using a red laser (λ: 635 nm), a sharp decline in the reflectance and a rise in the transmittance at certain angles were confirmed, demonstrating the extraordinary transmission enabled by SPR. Because excitation angles changed with changes in the refractive index, we concluded that this method can be applied to sensors that detect high-refractive-index media.