Systematic Security Guideline Framework through Intelligently Automated Vulnerability Analysis

This research aims to propose a practical framework designed for the automatic analysis of a product’s comprehensive functionality and security vulnerabilities,generating applicable guidelines based on real-world software.The existing analysis of software security vulnerabilities often focuses on specific features or modules.This partial and arbitrary analysis of the security vulnerabilities makes it challenging to comprehend the overall security vulnerabilities of the software.The key novelty lies in overcoming the constraints of partial approaches.The proposed framework utilizes data from various sources to create a comprehensive functionality profile,facilitating the derivation of real-world security guidelines.Security guidelines are dynamically generated by associating functional security vulnerabilities with the latest Common Vulnerabilities and Exposure(CVE)and Common Vulnerability Scoring System(CVSS)scores,resulting in automated guidelines tailored to each product.These guidelines are not only practical but also applicable in real-world software,allowing for prioritized security responses.The proposed framework is applied to virtual private network(VPN)software,wherein a validated Level 2 data flow diagram is generated using the Spoofing,Tampering,Repudiation,Information Disclosure,Denial of Service,and Elevation of privilege(STRIDE)technique with references to various papers and examples from related software.The analysis resulted in the identification of a total of 121 vulnerabilities.The successful implementation and validation demonstrate the framework’s efficacy in generating customized guidelines for entire systems,subsystems,and selected modules.

A review of public health guidelines for postpartum physical activity and sedentary behavior from around the world

Background:The period following pregnancy is a critical time window when future habits with respect to physical activity(PA) and sedentary behavior(SB) are established;therefore,it warrants guidance.The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize public health-oriented country-specific postpartum PA and SB guidelines worldwide.Methods:To identity guidelines published since 2010,we performed a(a) systematic search of 4 databases(CINAHL,Global Health,PubMed,and SPORTDiscus),(b) structured repeatable web-based search separately for 194 countries,and(c) separate web-based search.Only the most recent guideline was included for each country.Results:We identified 22 countries with public health-oriented postpartum guidelines for PA and 11 countries with SB guidelines.The continents with guidelines included Europe(n=12),Asia(n=5),Oceania(n=2),Africa(n=1),North America(n=1),and South America(n=1).The most common benefits recorded for PA included weight control/management(n=10),reducing the risk of postpartum depression or depressive symptoms(n=9),and improving mood/well-being(n=8).Postpartum guidelines specified exercises to engage in,including pelvic floor exercises(n=17);muscle strengthening,weight training,or resistance exercises(n=13);aerobics/general aerobic activity(n=13);walking(n=11);cycling(n=9);and swimming(n=9).Eleven guidelines remarked on the interaction between PA and breastfeeding;several guidelines stated that PA did not impact breast milk quantity(n=7),breast milk quality(n=6),or infant growth(n=3).For SB,suggestions included limiting long-term sitting and interrupting sitting with PA.Conclusion:Country-specific postpartum guidelines for PA and SB can help promote healthy behaviors using a culturally appropriate context while providing specific guidance to public health practitioners.

Systematic evaluation of maternal and infant health literacy assessment tools based on COSMIN guidelines

Background:To systematically evaluate the measurement performance of the maternal and child health literacy scale and the study’s methodological quality and to provide a reference for selecting and developing related health outcome measurement tools.Methods:Databases such as CNKI,PubMed,and Embase were searched,and the search time frame was established until January 2023.The literature was independently screened by two researchers.The methodological quality and measurement performance of the included scales were evaluated using the health measurement tool selection criteria,and the evaluation results were summarized and analyzed using descriptive analysis.Results:A total of six papers were included,covering six specific scales,with significant differences in the methodological quality and measurement performance of their development studies,none of which evaluated hypothesis testing,the validity of scales,cross-cultural validity,measurement error,or responsiveness.Conclusion:The methodological quality and scale measurement performance of the maternal health literacy inventory in pregnancy,the women’s reproductive health literacy in pregnancy questionnaire,and the maternal and infant health literacy scale development studies are relatively high,but the number of studies on maternal and infant health literacy specific scales is relatively insufficient,and more studies should be conducted in the future.

Levels of evidence and grades of recommendation supporting European society for medical oncology clinical practice guidelines

Background:The European Society for Medical Oncology(ESMO)guidelines are among the most comprehensive and widely used clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)globally.However,the level of scientific evidence supporting ESMO CPG recommendations has not been systematically investigated.This study assessed ESMO CPG levels of evidence(LOE)and grades of recommendations(GOR),as well as their trends over time across various cancer settings.Methods:We manually extracted every recommendation with the Infectious Diseases Society of America(IDSA)classification from each CPG.We examined the distribution of LOE and GOR in all available ESMO CPG guidelines across different topics and cancer types.Results:Among the 1,823 recommendations in the current CPG,30%were classified as LOEⅠ,and 43%were classified as GOR A.Overall,there was a slight decrease in LOEⅠ(−2%)and an increase in the proportion of GOR A(+1%)in the current CPG compared to previous versions.The proportion of GOR A recommendations based on higher levels of evidence such as randomized trials(LOEⅠ–Ⅱ)shows a decrease(71%vs.63%,p=0.009)while recommendations based on lower levels of evidence(LOEⅢ–Ⅴ)show an increase(29%vs.37%,p=0.01)between previous and current version.In the current versions,the highest proportion of LOEⅠ(42%)was found in recommendations related to pharmacotherapy,while the highest proportion of GOR A recommendations was found in the areas of pathology(50%)and diagnostic(50%)recommendations.Significant variability in LOEⅠand GOR A recommendations and their changes over time was observed across different cancer types.Conclusion:One-third of the current ESMO CPG recommendations are supported by the highest level of evidence.More well-designed randomized clinical trials are needed to increase the proportion of LOEⅠand GOR A recommendations,ultimately leading to improved outcomes for cancer patients.

Fever assessment in children under five: Are we following the guidelines?

BACKGROUND Fever is a common cause of medical consultation and hospital admission,particularly among children.Recently,the United Kingdom’s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence(NICE)updated its guidelines for assessing fever in children under five years of age.The efficient assessment and management of children with fever are crucial for improving patient outcomes.AIM To evaluate fever assessment in hospitalized children and to assess its adherence with the NICE Fever in under 5s guideline.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort review of the electronic medical records of children under five years of age at the Department of Pediatrics,Salmaniya Medical Complex,Bahrain,between June and July 2023.Demographic data,vital signs during the first 48 h of admission,route of temperature measurement,and indications for admission were gathered.Fever was defined according to the NICE guideline.The children were divided into five groups according to their age(0-3 months,>3-6 months,>6-12 months,>12-36 months,and>36-60 months).Patients with and without fever were compared in terms of demography,indication for admission,route of temperature measurement,and other vital signs.Compliance with the NICE Fever in the under 5s guideline was assessed.Full compliance was defined as>95%,partial compliance as 70%-95%,and minimal compliance as≤69%.Pearson’sχ^(2),Student’s t test,the Mann-Whitney U test,and Spearman’s correlation coefficient(rs)were used for comparison.RESULTS Of the 136 patients reviewed,80(58.8%)were boys.The median age at admission was 14.2[interquartile range(IQR):1.7-44.4]months,with the most common age group being 36-60 months.Thirty-six(26.4%)patients had fever,and 100(73.6%)were afebrile.The commonest age group for febrile patients(>12-36 months)was older than the commonest age group for afebrile patients(0-3 months)(P=0.027).The median weight was 8.3(IQR:4.0-13.3)kg.Patients with fever had higher weight than those without fever[10.2(IQR:7.3-13.0)vs 7.1(IQR:3.8-13.3)kg,respectively](P=0.034).Gastrointestinal disease was the leading indication for hospital admission(n=47,34.6%).Patients with central nervous system diseases and fever of unknown etiology were more likely to be febrile(P=0.030 and P=0.011,respectively).The mean heart rate was higher in the febrile group than the afebrile group(140±24 vs 126±20 beats per minute,respectively)[P=0.001(confidence interval:5.8-21.9)]with a positive correlation between body temperature and heart rate,r=0.242,n=136,P=0.004.A higher proportion of febrile patients received paracetamol(n=35,81.3%)compared to the afebrile patients(n=8,18.6%)(P<0.001).The axillary route was the most commonly used for temperature measurements(n=40/42,95.2%),followed by the rectal route(n=2/42,4.8%).The department demonstrated full compliance with the NICE guideline for five criteria:the type of thermometer used,route and frequency of temperature measurement,frequency of heart rate measurement,and use of antipyretics as needed.Partial compliance was noted for two criteria,the threshold of fever at 38°C or more,and the respiratory rate assessment in febrile patients.Minimal compliance or no record was observed for the remaining three criteria;routine assessment of capillary refill,temperature reassessment 1-2 h after each antipyretic intake,and refraining from the use of tepid sponging.CONCLUSION This study showed that fever assessment in hospitalized children under five years of age was appropriate,but certain areas of adherence to the NICE guideline still need to be improved.

Current guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease:A systematic review with comparative analysis

The current epidemic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is reshaping the field of hepatology all around the world.The widespread diffusion of metabolic risk factors such as obesity,type2-diabetes mellitus,and dyslipidemia has led to a worldwide diffusion of NAFLD.In parallel to the increased availability of effective anti-viral agents,NAFLD is rapidly becoming the most common cause of chronic liver disease in Western Countries,and a similar trend is expected in Eastern Countries in the next years.This epidemic and its consequences have prompted experts from all over the word in identifying effective strategies for the diagnosis,management,and treatment of NAFLD.Different scientific societies from Europe,America,and Asia-Pacific regions have proposed guidelines based on the most recent evidence about NAFLD.These guidelines are consistent with the key elements in the management of NAFLD,but still,show significant difference about some critical points.We reviewed the current literature in English language to identify the most recent scientific guidelines about NAFLD with the aim to find and critically analyse the main differences.We distinguished guidelines from 5 different scientific societies whose reputation is worldwide recognised and who are representative of the clinical practice in different geographical regions.Differences were noted in: the definition of NAFLD,the opportunity of NAFLD screening in high-risk patients,the noninvasive test proposed for the diagnosis of NAFLD and the identification of NAFLD patients with advanced fibrosis,in the follow-up protocols and,finally,in the treatment strategy(especially in the proposed pharmacological management).These difference have been discussed in the light of the possible evolution of the scenario ofNAFLD in the next years.

Systematic review of colorectal cancer screening guidelines for average-risk adults: Summarizing the current global recommendations

AIM To summarize and compare worldwide colorectal cancer(CRC) screening recommendations in order to identify similarities and disparities.METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, CENTRAL and ISI Web of knowledge identifying all average-risk CRC screening guideline publications within the last ten years and/or position statements published in the last 2 years. In addition, a hand-search of the webpages of National Gastroenterology Society websites, the National Guideline Clearinghouse, the BMJ Clinical Evidence website,Google and Google Scholar was performed. RESULTS Fifteen guidelines were identified. Six guidelines were published in North America, four in Europe, four in Asia and one from the World Gastroenterology Organization. The majority of guidelines recommend screening average-risk individuals between ages 50 and 75 using colonoscopy(every 10 years), or flexible sigmoidoscopy(FS, every 5 years) or fecal occult blood test(FOBT, mainly the Fecal Immunochemical Test, annually or biennially). Disparities throughout the different guidelines are found relating to the use of colonoscopy, rank order between test, screening intervals and optimal age ranges for screening. CONCLUSION Average risk individuals between 50 and 75 years should undergo CRC screening. Recommendations for optimal surveillance intervals, preferred tests/test cascade as well as the optimal timing when to start and stop screening differ regionally and should be considered for clinical decision making. Furthermore, local resource availability and patient preferences are important to increase CRC screening uptake, as any screening is better than none.

Current guidelines for the management of celiac disease:A systematic review with comparative analysis

BACKGROUND Wheat and other gluten-containing grains are widely consumed,providing approximately 50%of the caloric intake in both industrialised and developing countries.The widespread diffusion of gluten-containing diets has rapidly led to a sharp increase in celiac disease prevalence.This condition was thought to be very rare outside Europe and relatively ignored by health professionals and the global media.However,in recent years,the discovery of important diagnostic and pathogenic milestones has led to the emergence of celiac disease(CD)from obscurity to global prominence.These modifications have prompted experts worldwide to identify effective strategies for the diagnosis and follow-up of CD.Different scientific societies,mainly from Europe and America,have proposed guidelines based on CD's most recent evidence.AIM To identify the most recent scientific guidelines on CD,aiming to find and critically analyse the main differences.METHODS We performed a database search on PubMed selecting papers published between January 2010 and January 2021 in the English language.PubMed was lastly accessed on 1 March 2021.RESULTS We distinguished guidelines from 7 different scientific societies whose reputation is worldwide recognized and representative of the clinical practice in different geographical regions.Differences were noted in the possibility of a no-biopsy diagnosis,HLA testing,follow-up protocols,and procedures.CONCLUSION We found a relatively high concordance between the guidelines for CD.Important modifications have occurred in the last years,especially about the possibility of a no-biopsy diagnosis in children.Other modifications are expected in the next future and will probably involve the extension of the non-invasive diagnosis to the adult population and the follow-up modalities.

Management of regional citrate anticoagulation for continuous renal replacement therapy:guideline recommendations from Chinese emergency medical doctor consensus

Continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT)is widely used for treating critically-ill patients in the emergency department in China.Anticoagulant therapy is needed to prevent clotting in the extracorporeal circulation during CRRT.Regional citrate anticoagulation(RCA)has been shown to potentially be safer and more effective,and is now recommended as the preferred anticoagulant method for CRRT.However,there is still a lack of unified standards for RCA management in the world,and there are many problems in using this method in clinical practice.The Emergency Medical Doctor Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)organized a panel of domestic emergency medicine experts and international experts of CRRT to discuss RCA-related issues,including the advantages and disadvantages of RCA in CRRT anticoagulation,the principle of RCA,parameter settings for RCA,monitoring of RCA(mainly metabolic acid-base disorders),and special issues during RCA.Based on the latest available research evidence as well as the paneled experts'clinical experience,considering the generalizability,suitability,and potential resource utilization,while also balancing clinical advantages and disadvantages,a total of 16 guideline recommendations were formed from the experts'consensus.

International experts consensus guidelines on robotic liver resection in 2023

The robotic liver resection(RLR)has been increasingly applied in recent years and its benefits shown in some aspects owing to the technical advancement of robotic surgical system,however,controversies still exist.Based on the foundation of the previous consensus statement,this new consensus document aimed to update clinical recommendations and provide guidance to improve the outcomes of RLR clinical practice.The guideline steering group and guideline expert group were formed by 29 international experts of liver surgery and evidence-based medicine(EBM).Relevant literature was reviewed and analyzed by the evidence evaluation group.According to the WHO Handbook for Guideline Development,the Guidance Principles of Development and Amendment of the Guidelines for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment in China 2022,a total of 14 recommendations were generated.Among them were 8 recommendations formulated by the GRADE method,and the remaining 6 recommendations were formulated based on literature review and experts’opinion due to insufficient EBM results.This international experts consensus guideline offered guidance for the safe and effective clinical practice and the research direction of RLR in future.

Treatment and surveillance for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer:a clinical practice guideline(2021 edition)

Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)is a major type of bladder cancer with a high incidence worldwide,resulting in a great disease burden.Treatment and surveillance are the most important part of NIMBC management.In 2018,we issued“Treatment and surveillance for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in China:an evidencebased clinical practice guideline”.Since then,various studies on the treatment and surveillance of NMIBC have been published.There is a need to incorporate these materials and also to take into account the relatively limited medical resources in primary medical institutions in China.Developing a version of guideline which takes these two issues into account to promote the management of NMIBC is therefore indicated.We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists.Through questionnaire investigation of clinicians including primary medical institutions,24 clinically concerned issues,involving transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TURBT),intravesical chemotherapy and intravesical immunotherapy of NMIBC,and follow-up and surveillance of the NMIBC patients,were determined for this guideline.Researches and recommendations on the management of NMIBC in databases,guideline development professional societies and monographs were referred to,and the European Association of Urology was used to assess the certainty of generated recommendations.Finally,we issued 29 statements,among which 22 were strong recommendations,and 7 were weak recommendations.These recommendations cover the topics of TURBT,postoperative chemotherapy after TURBT,Bacillus Calmette–Guérin(BCG)immunotherapy after TURBT,combination treatment of BCG and chemotherapy after TURBT,treatment of carcinoma in situ,radical cystectomy,treatment of NMIBC recurrence,and follow-up and surveillance.We hope these recommendations can help promote the treatment and surveillance of NMIBC in China,especially for the primary medical institutions.

Guidelines from an expert panel for the management of diabetic macular edema in the Malaysian population

AIM:To derive a Malaysia guideline and consensus as part of the Malaysia Retina Group's efforts for diagnosis,treatment,and best practices of diabetic macular edema(DME).The experts'panel suggests that the treatment algorithm to be divided into groups according to involvement the central macula.The purpose of DME therapy is to improve edema and achieve the best visual results with the least amount of treatment load.METHODS:On two different occasions,a panel of 14 retinal specialists from Malaysia,together with an external expert,responded to a questionnaire on management of DME.A consensus was sought by voting after compiling,analyzing and discussion on first-phase replies on the round table discussion.A recommendation was deemed to have attained consensus when 12 out of the 14 panellists(85%)agreed with it.RESULTS:The terms target response,adequate response,nonresponse,and inadequate response were developed when the DME patients'treatment responses were first characterized.The panelists reached agreement on a number of DME treatment-related issues,including the need to classify patients prior to treatment,firstline treatment options,the right time to switch between treatment modalities,and side effects associated with steroids.From this agreement,recommendations were derived and a treatment algorithm was created.CONCLUSION:A detail and comprehensive treatment algorithm by Malaysia Retina Group for the Malaysian population provides guidance for treatment allocation of patients with DME.

Guidelines for the application of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of anterior segment diseases(2023)

The landscape of ophthalmology has obser ved monumental shifts with the advent of artificial intelligence(AI)technologies.This article is devoted to elaborating on the nuanced application of AI in the diagnostic realm of anterior segment eye diseases,an area ripe with potential yet complex in its imaging characteristics.Historically,AI’s entrenchment in ophthalmology was predominantly rooted in the posterior segment.However,the evolution of machine learning paradigms,particularly with the advent of deep learning methodologies,has reframed the focus.When combined with the exponential surge in available electronic image data pertaining to the anterior segment,AI’s role in diagnosing corneal,conjunctival,lens,and eyelid pathologies has been solidified and has emerged from the realm of theoretical to practical.In light of this transformative potential,collaborations between the Ophthalmic Imaging and Intelligent Medicine Subcommittee of the China Medical Education Association and the Ophthalmology Committee of the International Translational Medicine Association have been instrumental.These eminent bodies mobilized a consortium of experts to dissect and assimilate advancements from both national and international quarters.Their mandate was not limited to AI’s application in anterior segment pathologies like the cornea,conjunctiva,lens,and eyelids,but also ventured into deciphering the existing impediments and envisioning future trajectories.After iterative deliberations,the consensus synthesized herein serves as a touchstone,assisting ophthalmologists in optimally integrating AI into their diagnostic decisions and bolstering clinical research.Through this guideline,we aspire to offer a comprehensive framework,ensuring that clinical decisions are not merely informed but transformed by AI.By building upon existing literature yet maintaining the highest standards of originality,this document stands as a testament to both innovation and academic integrity,in line with the ethos of renowned journals such as Ophthalmology.

Evidence-based guidelines for greener,healthier,more resilient neighbourhoods:Introducing the 3–30–300 rule

The important contributions of urban trees and green spaces to for example,climate moderation and public health have been recognized.This paper discusses guidelines and norms that promote the benefi ts of viewing green,living amongst green,and having easy access to green spaces for recreational use.Having trees and other vegetation in sight from one’s home,place of work,or school has important mental health and performance benefi ts.Local tree canopy cover is positively associated with cooling and other aspects of climate moderation.With public green spaces in proximity to one’s home stimulates regular use of these areas and results in positive impacts on mental,physical,and social health.After analyzing existing guidelines and rules for urban green space planning and provision,a new,comprehensive guideline is presented,known as the‘3–30–300 rule’for urban forestry.This guideline aims to provide equitable access to trees and green spaces and their benefi ts by setting the thresholds of having at least 3 well-established trees in view from every home,school,and place of work,no less than a 30%tree canopy in every neighbourhood;and no more than 300 m to the nearest public green space from every residence.Current implementation of this new guideline is discussed,as well as the advantages and disadvantages of using this evidence-based but also clear and simple rules.

Impact of guideline adherence on the prognosis of Barcelona clinic liver cancer stage B hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND Patients with Barcelona clinic liver cancer(BCLC)stage B hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)are considerably heterogeneous in terms of tumor burden,liver function,and performance status.To improve the poor survival outcomes of these patients,treatment approaches other than transarterial chemoembolization(TACE),which is recommended by HCC guidelines,have been adopted in realworld clinical practice.We hypothesize that this non-adherence to treatment guidelines,particularly with respect to the use of liver resection,improves survival in patients with stage B HCC.AIM To assess guideline adherence in South Korean patients with stage B HCC and study its impact on survival.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from 2008 to 2016 obtained from the Korea Central Cancer Registry.Patients with stage B HCC were categorized into three treatment groups,guideline-adherent,upward,and downward,based on HCC guidelines recommended by the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver(APASL),the European Association for the Study of the Liver(EASL),and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases(AASLD).The primary outcome was HCC-related deaths;tumor recurrence served as the secondary outcome.Survival among the groups was compared using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test.Predictors of survival outcomes were identified using multivariable Cox regression analysis.RESULTS In South Korea, over the study period from 2008 to 2016, a notable trend was observed in adherence to HCCguidelines. Adherence to the EASL guidelines started relatively high, ranging from 77% to 80% between 2008 and2012, but it gradually declined to 58.8% to 71.6% from 2013 to 2016. Adherence to the AASLD guidelines began at71.7% to 75.9% from 2008 to 2010, and then it fluctuated between 49.2% and 73.8% from 2011 to 2016. In contrast,adherence to the APASL guidelines remained consistently high, staying within the range of 90.14% to 94.5%throughout the entire study period. Upward treatment, for example with liver resection, liver transplantation, orradiofrequency ablation, significantly improved the survival of patients with BCLC stage B HCC compared to thatof patients treated in adherence to the guidelines (for patients analyzed according to the 2000 EASL guidelines, the5-year survival rates were 63.4% vs 27.2%, P < 0.001), although results varied depending on the guidelines.Progression-free survival rates were also significantly improved upon the use of upward treatments in certaingroups. Patients receiving upward treatments were typically < 70 years old, had platelet counts > 105/μL, andserum albumin levels ≥ 3.5 g/dL.CONCLUSIONAdherence to guidelines significantly influences survival in South Korean stage B HCC patients. Curativetreatments outperform TACE, but liver resection should be selected with caution due to disease heterogeneity.

Chinese guideline for lipid management(2023):a new guideline rich in domestic elements for controlling dyslipidemia

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD)is the leading cause of death among urban and rural residents in China,and elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)is a causal risk factor for ASCVD.[1,2]Considering the increasing burden of ASCVD,lipid management is of the utmost importance.Within 7 years interval,Chinese guideline for lipid management(2023)(lipid guideline 2023)has simultaneously been published in both Chinese Journal of Cardiology,Chinese Circulation Journal in Chinese language and Frontiers in Pharmacology in English,which has widely been acclaiming at home and abroad.

Real-world 10-year retrospective study of the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of primary liver cancer in China

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is a common malignant tumor worldwide. Many regions across the world have issued various HCC diagnosis and treatment protocols to improve the diagnosis and targeted treatment of patients with HCC. However, real-world studies analysing the practice, application value, and existing problems of the China Liver Cancer(CNLC) staging system are scarce.AIM To analyze the current situation and problems associated with the Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer in China.METHODS We collected the medical records of all patients with HCC admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2019, and recorded the hospitalization information of those patients until December 31, 2020. All information on the diagnosis and treatment of the target patients was recorded, and their demographic and sociological characteristics, CNLC stages, screening situations, and treatment methods and effects were analyzed. The survival status of the patients was obtained from follow-up data.RESULTS This study included the medical records of 3022 patients with HCC. Among these cases, 304 patients were screened before HCC diagnosis;their early-stage diagnosis rate was 69.08%, which was significantly higher than that of patients with HCC who were diagnosed without screening and early detection(33.74%). Herein, patients with no clinical outcome at discharge were followed up, and the survival information of 1128 patients was obtained. A Cox model was used to analyse independent risk factors affecting overall survival, which were revealed as age > 50 years, no screening, alpha-fetoprotein > 400 ng/mL, Child–Pugh grade B, and middle and late CNLC stages. Based on the Cox model survival analysis, in our study, patients with HCC identified via screening had significant advantages in overall and tumorfree survival after hepatectomy.CONCLUSION Early diagnosis and treatment can be achieved by screening groups at high risk for HCC based on the guidelines;however, real-world compliance is poor.

博物馆手册类文本汉译策略——以Guidelines for Disaster Preparedness in Museums为例

博物馆安全是博物馆工作的重中之重,博物馆的安全为保障博物馆正常运转发挥重要作用。自2019年新冠肺炎疫情暴发以来,博物馆面临的安全形势十分严峻,主要表现为应急措施匮乏、灾害防范不到位以及管理体制不完善等问题。这给全球博物馆的发展带来了新的安全挑战,为博物馆安全提出了更高的要求,如何预防与应对博物馆突发事件成为博物馆安全的重要任务。该文选取了一篇国际博物馆协会官方发布的国际通用手册Guidelines for Disaster Preparedness in Museums为研究对象,从词汇、句法及篇章三个方面分析博物馆手册类文本的特点,归纳三种翻译策略,以期促进我国博物馆健康发展,为博物馆手册文本的翻译研究贡献绵薄之力。

Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with integrated traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine to increase efficiency and reduce toxicity

Rheumatoid arthritis imposes a huge disease burden.Existing practice guidelines do not meet the needs of integrated traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.We established a guideline working group consists of a steering committee,a secretary group,an evidence evaluation group,a consensus group and a review group and developed a guideline following the guidance of the World Health Organization Handbook and the Chinese Medical Association.The guideline includes 35 recommendations which reached consensus by the two rounds Delphi surveys.These recommendations were formulated to address the following themes of most concern to clinician:diagnostic imaging,disease staging,traditional Chinese medicine syndromes,effectiveness and toxicity of integrated traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.

Associations between meeting 24-hour movement guidelines and quality of life among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

Background:The Canadian 24-hour movement behavior(24-HMB)guidelines suggest that a limited amount of screen time use,an adequate level of physical activity(PA),and sufficient sleep duration are beneficial for ensuring and optimizing the health and quality of life(QoL)of children and adolescents.However,this topic has yet to be examined for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)specifically.The aim of this cross-sectional observational study was to examine the associations between meeting 24-HMB guidelines and several QoLrelated indicators among a national sample of American children and adolescents with ASD.Methods:Data were taken from the 2020 U.S.National Survey of Children’s Health dataset.Participants(n=956)aged 617 years and currently diagnosed with ASD were included.The exposure of interest was adherence to the 24-HMB guidelines.Outcomes were QoL indicators,including learning interest/curiosity,repeating grades,adaptive ability,victimization by bullying,and behavioral problems.Categorical variables were described with unweighted sample counts and weighted percentages.Age,sex,race,preterm birth status,medication,behavioral treatment,household poverty level,and the educational level of the primary caregivers were included as covariates.Odds ratio(OR)and 95%confidence interval(95%CI)were used to present the strength of association between adherence to 24-HMB guidelines and QoL-related indicators.Results:Overall,452 participants(45.34%)met 1 of the 3 recommendations,216(22.65%)met 2 recommendations,whereas only 39 participants(5.04%)met all 3 recommendations.Compared with meeting none of the recommendations,meeting both sleep duration and PA recommendations(OR=3.92,95%CI:1.639.48,p<0.001)or all 3 recommendations(OR=2.11,95%CI:1.034.35,p=0.04)was associated with higher odds of showing learning interest/curiosity.Meeting both screen time and PA recommendations(OR=0.15,95%CI:0.040.61,p<0.05)or both sleep duration and PA recommendations(OR=0.24,95%CI:0.070.87,p<0.05)was associated with lower odds of repeating any grades.With respect to adaptive ability,participants who met only the PA recommendation of the 24-HMB were less likely to have difficulties dressing or bathing(OR=0.11,95%CI:0.020.66,p<0.05)than those who did not.For participants who met all 3 recommendations(OR=0.38,95%CI:0.150.99,p=0.05),the odds of being victimized by bullying was lower.Participants who adhered to both sleep duration and PA recommendations were less likely to present with severe behavioral problems(OR=0.17,95%CI:0.040.71,p<0.05)than those who did not meet those guidelines.Conclusion:Significant associations were found between adhering to 24-HMB guidelines and selected QoL indicators.These findings highlight the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle as a key factor in promoting and preserving the QoL of children with ASD.