Nitric humic acid was prepared by catalytic oxidation between nitric acid and Guizhou coal, with added catalysts. We investigated catalytic oxidation processes and the factors that affect the reactions. The effects of...Nitric humic acid was prepared by catalytic oxidation between nitric acid and Guizhou coal, with added catalysts. We investigated catalytic oxidation processes and the factors that affect the reactions. The effects of different catalysts, including NiSO 4 support on active carbon (AC-NiSO 4 ), NiSO 4 support on silicon dioxide (SiO 2 -NiSO 4 ), composites of SO 4 2à /Fe 2 O 3 , Zr-iron and vanadium-iron composite were studied. As well, we investigated nitric humic acid yields and the chemical structure of products by element analysis, FT-IR and E4/E6 (an absorbance ratio at wavelengths of 465 and 665 nm of humic acid alkaline extraction solutions). The results show that the catalytic oxidation reaction with added catalysts can increase humic acid yields by 18.7%, 16.36%, 12.94%, 5.61% and 8.59%, respectively. The highest yield of humic acid, i.e., 36.0%, was obtained with AC-NiSO 4 as the catalyst. The amounts of C and H decreased with the amount of nitrogen. The increase in the E4/E6 ratio in catalytic oxidation of (Guizhou) coal shows that small molecular weights and high yields of nitric humic acid can be obtained by catalytic oxidation reactions.展开更多
The concentration of 39 trace elements in coal from the late Permian taken from the eastern Yunnan-western Guizhou region was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. It was found that the mean c...The concentration of 39 trace elements in coal from the late Permian taken from the eastern Yunnan-western Guizhou region was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. It was found that the mean content of Ti, V, Cr, Mo, Co, Ni, Y, and Zr is higher than the national average. The occurrence of Mn, Ni, and Co in the different coalfields is distinctly different. Most of the enriched transition metal elements exist mainly as inorganic minerals. In the Zhina coalfield, Co, Ni, and Nb are primarily associated with sulfur. Mn, Cs, and Mo are mostly sulfides. Almost all Co was organic and a significant part of the Ni is also organic in the Liupanshui coalfield. Cs, Co, and Ni are related to sulfur in the coal taken from eastern Yunnan. Carbonate is the main form of Mn in the coal from eastern Yunnan and the Liupanshui coalfield. Ti is the oxide in the coal samples where Ti is enriched. Zr is in the form of zircon in the samples where Zr is enriched. The situation for most of the transition metal elements is consistent with terrestrial genesis. Coal seams are universally influenced by the sea. The strongly seawater effected peat bog with a reductive and alkaline environment favors the relative enrichment of Mn. A reducing environment is conducive to transition metal element enrichment.展开更多
The Emei mantle plume activity lasted for a long period of time ranging from the whole Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic. The large-scale Emeishan basalt eruption marked the summit period of mafic magmatic activity between E...The Emei mantle plume activity lasted for a long period of time ranging from the whole Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic. The large-scale Emeishan basalt eruption marked the summit period of mafic magmatic activity between Early and Late Permian. Lots of Au, As, Hg, Sb and other trace elements, in the form of extreme dispersion, found their way into coal seams of the Longtan Formation in the transitional zone between platform facies and slope facies at the margin of the platform around the areas of Xingyi, Anlong, Xingren and Zhenfeng in southwestern Guizhou Province. During the Yanshanian Emei mantle plume activity, large amounts of ore-forming elements such as As, Au, Hg, Sb, etc. were extracted from the Emeishan basalt and coal seams by hydrothermal solutions, followed by their mobilization and transport. When the hydrothermal solutions passed through the coal measures of the Longtan Formation, the element As was enriched locally to form high-As coal.; The intensive Emei plume activity provided the material source of As and dynamic source for the formation of high-As coal in southwestern Guizhou Province.展开更多
The concentration, modes of occurrence and geological origin of beryllium in five workable coal beds from the Pu＇an Coalfield of Guizhou were studied using the inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）,...The concentration, modes of occurrence and geological origin of beryllium in five workable coal beds from the Pu＇an Coalfield of Guizhou were studied using the inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）, floating and sinking experiments （FSE） and sequential chemical extraction procedures （SCEP）. The results show that the average concentration of beryllium in coals from the Pu＇an Coalfield is 1.54 μg/g, much lower than that in most Chinese and worldwide coals. Beryllium in the Pu＇an coals was not significantly enriched. However, it should be noted that the No. 8 coal bed from the study area has a high concentration of beryllium, 6.89 μg/g, three times higher than the background value of beryllium in coal. Beryllium in coal mainly occurs as organic association and has predominantly originated from coal-forming plants when its concentration is relatively low. The concentration of beryllium occurring as organic association is close to that distributed in inorganic matter when beryllium concentration of coal is similar to its background value, and in addition to coal-forming plants, beryllium is mainly derived from detrital materials of terrigenous origin. When beryllium is anomalously enriched in coal, it mainly occurs as organic association and is derived from volcanic tonsteins leached for a long geological time and then adsorbed by organic matter in peat mire.展开更多
基金sponsored by the Shaanxi Key Scientific and Technological Project, China (No. 2010K07-20)the National Science and Technology Major Project (No. 2011ZX05037-003)
文摘Nitric humic acid was prepared by catalytic oxidation between nitric acid and Guizhou coal, with added catalysts. We investigated catalytic oxidation processes and the factors that affect the reactions. The effects of different catalysts, including NiSO 4 support on active carbon (AC-NiSO 4 ), NiSO 4 support on silicon dioxide (SiO 2 -NiSO 4 ), composites of SO 4 2à /Fe 2 O 3 , Zr-iron and vanadium-iron composite were studied. As well, we investigated nitric humic acid yields and the chemical structure of products by element analysis, FT-IR and E4/E6 (an absorbance ratio at wavelengths of 465 and 665 nm of humic acid alkaline extraction solutions). The results show that the catalytic oxidation reaction with added catalysts can increase humic acid yields by 18.7%, 16.36%, 12.94%, 5.61% and 8.59%, respectively. The highest yield of humic acid, i.e., 36.0%, was obtained with AC-NiSO 4 as the catalyst. The amounts of C and H decreased with the amount of nitrogen. The increase in the E4/E6 ratio in catalytic oxidation of (Guizhou) coal shows that small molecular weights and high yields of nitric humic acid can be obtained by catalytic oxidation reactions.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40730422)
文摘The concentration of 39 trace elements in coal from the late Permian taken from the eastern Yunnan-western Guizhou region was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. It was found that the mean content of Ti, V, Cr, Mo, Co, Ni, Y, and Zr is higher than the national average. The occurrence of Mn, Ni, and Co in the different coalfields is distinctly different. Most of the enriched transition metal elements exist mainly as inorganic minerals. In the Zhina coalfield, Co, Ni, and Nb are primarily associated with sulfur. Mn, Cs, and Mo are mostly sulfides. Almost all Co was organic and a significant part of the Ni is also organic in the Liupanshui coalfield. Cs, Co, and Ni are related to sulfur in the coal taken from eastern Yunnan. Carbonate is the main form of Mn in the coal from eastern Yunnan and the Liupanshui coalfield. Ti is the oxide in the coal samples where Ti is enriched. Zr is in the form of zircon in the samples where Zr is enriched. The situation for most of the transition metal elements is consistent with terrestrial genesis. Coal seams are universally influenced by the sea. The strongly seawater effected peat bog with a reductive and alkaline environment favors the relative enrichment of Mn. A reducing environment is conducive to transition metal element enrichment.
文摘The Emei mantle plume activity lasted for a long period of time ranging from the whole Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic. The large-scale Emeishan basalt eruption marked the summit period of mafic magmatic activity between Early and Late Permian. Lots of Au, As, Hg, Sb and other trace elements, in the form of extreme dispersion, found their way into coal seams of the Longtan Formation in the transitional zone between platform facies and slope facies at the margin of the platform around the areas of Xingyi, Anlong, Xingren and Zhenfeng in southwestern Guizhou Province. During the Yanshanian Emei mantle plume activity, large amounts of ore-forming elements such as As, Au, Hg, Sb, etc. were extracted from the Emeishan basalt and coal seams by hydrothermal solutions, followed by their mobilization and transport. When the hydrothermal solutions passed through the coal measures of the Longtan Formation, the element As was enriched locally to form high-As coal.; The intensive Emei plume activity provided the material source of As and dynamic source for the formation of high-As coal in southwestern Guizhou Province.
基金This research is supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Program （No. 2006CB202201）；Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Education Department （No. DK01jk145）；Natural Science Foundation of Shan＇xi Science Department （No. 2004D02）.
文摘The concentration, modes of occurrence and geological origin of beryllium in five workable coal beds from the Pu＇an Coalfield of Guizhou were studied using the inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）, floating and sinking experiments （FSE） and sequential chemical extraction procedures （SCEP）. The results show that the average concentration of beryllium in coals from the Pu＇an Coalfield is 1.54 μg/g, much lower than that in most Chinese and worldwide coals. Beryllium in the Pu＇an coals was not significantly enriched. However, it should be noted that the No. 8 coal bed from the study area has a high concentration of beryllium, 6.89 μg/g, three times higher than the background value of beryllium in coal. Beryllium in coal mainly occurs as organic association and has predominantly originated from coal-forming plants when its concentration is relatively low. The concentration of beryllium occurring as organic association is close to that distributed in inorganic matter when beryllium concentration of coal is similar to its background value, and in addition to coal-forming plants, beryllium is mainly derived from detrital materials of terrigenous origin. When beryllium is anomalously enriched in coal, it mainly occurs as organic association and is derived from volcanic tonsteins leached for a long geological time and then adsorbed by organic matter in peat mire.
