Biodiversity has become a terminology familiar to virtually every citizen in modern societies.It is said that ecology studies the economy of nature,and economy studies the ecology of humans;then measuring biodiversity...Biodiversity has become a terminology familiar to virtually every citizen in modern societies.It is said that ecology studies the economy of nature,and economy studies the ecology of humans;then measuring biodiversity should be similar with measuring national wealth.Indeed,there have been many parallels between ecology and economics,actually beyond analogies.For example,arguably the second most widely used biodiversity metric,Simpson(1949)’s diversity index,is a function of familiar Gini-index in economics.One of the biggest challenges has been the high“diversity”of diversity indexes due to their excessive“speciation”-there are so many indexes,similar to each country’s sovereign currency-leaving confused diversity practitioners in dilemma.In 1973,Hill introduced the concept of“numbers equivalent”,which is based on Renyi entropy and originated in economics,but possibly due to his abstruse interpretation of the concept,his message was not widely received by ecologists until nearly four decades later.What Hill suggested was similar to link the US dollar to gold at the rate of$35 per ounce under the Bretton Woods system.The Hill numbers now are considered most appropriate biodiversity metrics system,unifying Shannon,Simpson and other diversity indexes.Here,we approach to another paradigmatic shift-measuring biodiversity on ecological networks-demonstrated with animal gastrointestinal microbiomes representing four major invertebrate classes and all six vertebrate classes.The network diversity can reveal the diversity of species interactions,which is a necessary step for understanding the spatial and temporal structures and dynamics of biodiversity across environmental gradients.展开更多
Background: Studies had shown many diseases affect the stability of human microbiota, but how this relates to benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) has not been well understood. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the ...Background: Studies had shown many diseases affect the stability of human microbiota, but how this relates to benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) has not been well understood. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the regulation of BPH on gut microbiota composition and metabonomics.Methods: We analyzed gut samples from rats with BPH and healthy control rats, the gut microbiota composition and metabonomics were detected by 16S rDNA sequencing and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(LC–MS/MS).Results: High-throughput sequencing results showed that gut microbiota beta-diversity increased(P<0.01) in the BPH group vs. control group. Muribaculaceae(P<0.01), Turicibacteraceae(P<0.05), Turicibacter(P<0.01) and Coprococcus(P<0.01) were significantly decreased in the BPH group, whereas that of Mollicutes(P<0.05) and Prevotella(P<0.05)were significantly increased compared with the control group. Despite profound interindividual variability, the levels of several predominant genera were different. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences in several bacteria. BPH group vs. control group: Firmicutes(52.30% vs. 57.29%, P>0.05), Bacteroidetes(46.54% vs. 41.64%,P>0.05), Clostridia(50.89% vs. 54.66%, P>0.05), Ruminococcaceae(25.67% vs. 20.56%, P>0.05). LC–MS/MS of intestinal contents revealed that differential metabolites were mainly involved in cellular processes, environmental information processing, metabolism and organismal systems. The most important pathways were global and overview maps, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, digestive system and endocrine system. Through enrichment analysis, we found that the differential metabolites were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways, steroid hormone biosynthesis,ovarian steroidogenesis, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and bile secretion. Pearson correlation analysis(R=0.94) showed that there was a strong correlation between Prevotellaceae, Corynebacteriaceae, Turicibacteraceae,Bifidobacteriaceae and differential metabolites.Conclusions: Our findings suggested an association between the gut microbiota and BPH, but the causal relationship between the two groups is unclear. Thus, further studies are warranted to elucidate the potential mechanisms and causal relationships between BPH and gut microbiota.展开更多
AIM To investigate gut microbial diversity and the interventional effect of Xiaoyaosan(XYS) in a rat model of functional dyspepsia(FD) with liver depression-spleen deficiency syndrome. METHODS The FD with liver depres...AIM To investigate gut microbial diversity and the interventional effect of Xiaoyaosan(XYS) in a rat model of functional dyspepsia(FD) with liver depression-spleen deficiency syndrome. METHODS The FD with liver depression-spleen deficiency syndrome rat model was established through classic chronic mild unpredictable stimulation every day. XYS group rats received XYS 1 h before the stimulation. The models were assessed by parameters including state ofthe rat, weight, sucrose test result and open-field test result. After 3 wk, the stools of rats were collected and genomic DNA was extracted. PCR products of the V4 region of 16 S rD NA were sequenced using a barcoded Illumina paired-end sequencing technique. The primary composition of the microbiome in the stool samples was determined and analyzed by cluster analysis.RESULTS Rat models were successfully established, per data from rat state, weight and open-field test. The microbiomes contained 20 phyla from all samples. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Tenericutes were the most abundant taxonomic groups. The relative abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria in the model group was higher than that in the normal group. On the contrary, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in the model group was lower than that in the normal group. Upon XYS treatment, the relative abundance of all dysregulated phyla was restored to levels similar to those observed in the normal group. Abundance clustering heat map of phyla corroborated the taxonomic distribution. CONCLUSION The microbiome relative abundance of FD rats with liver depression-spleen deficiency syndrome was significantly different from the normal cohort. XYS intervention may effectively adjust the gut dysbacteriosis in FD.展开更多
BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify characteristic gut genera in obese and normal-weight children(8-12 years old)using 16S rDNA sequencing.The research aimed to provide insights for mechanistic studies and prevent...BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify characteristic gut genera in obese and normal-weight children(8-12 years old)using 16S rDNA sequencing.The research aimed to provide insights for mechanistic studies and prevention strategies for childhood obesity.Thirty normal-weight and thirty age-and sex-matched obese children were included.Questionnaires and body measurements were collected,and fecal samples underwent 16S rDNA sequencing.Significant differences in body mass index(BMI)and body-fat percentage were observed between the groups.Analysis of gut microbiota diversity revealed lowerα-diversity in obese children.Differences in gut microbiota composition were found between the two groups.Prevotella and Firmicutes were more abundant in the obese group,while Bacteroides and Sanguibacteroides were more prevalent in the control group.AIM To identify the characteristic gut genera in obese and normal-weight children(8-12-year-old)using 16S rDNA sequencing,and provide a basis for subsequent mechanistic studies and prevention strategies for childhood obesity.METHODS Thirty each normal-weight,1:1 matched for age and sex,and obese children,with an obese status from 2020 to 2022,were included in the control and obese groups,respectively.Basic information was collected through questionnaires and body measurements were obtained from both obese and normal-weight children.Fecal samples were collected from both groups and subjected to 16S rDNA sequencing using an Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform for gut microbiota diversity analysis.RESULTS Significant differences in BMI and body-fat percentage were observed between the two groups.The Ace and Chao1 indices were significantly lower in the obese group than those in the control group,whereas differences were not significant in the Shannon and Simpson indices.Kruskal-Wallis tests indicated significant differences in unweighted and weighted UniFrac distances between the gut microbiota of normal-weight and obese children(P<0.01),suggesting substantial disparities in both the species and quantity of gut microbiota between the two groups.Prevotella,Firmicutes,Bacteroides,and Sanguibacteroides were more abundant in the obese and control groups,respectively.Heatmap results demonstrated significant differences in the gut microbiota composition between obese and normal-weight children.CONCLUSION Obese children exhibited lowerα-diversity in their gut microbiota than did the normal-weight children.Significant differences were observed in the composition of gut microbiota between obese and normal-weight children.展开更多
Objective: To determine the extent to which Lycium barbarum polysaccharide(LBP) improves60Co γ-ray radiation-induced brain injury(RIBI) by regulating the gut microbiota.Methods: The RIBI model of mice was established...Objective: To determine the extent to which Lycium barbarum polysaccharide(LBP) improves60Co γ-ray radiation-induced brain injury(RIBI) by regulating the gut microbiota.Methods: The RIBI model of mice was established with the appropriate dose of60Co γ-ray to identify the changes in the body weight, behaviors, gut microbiota, and inflammatory reactions of mice. Mice were randomly divided into healthy, RIBI model, and LBP groups. The related inflammatory cytokines were determined using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit. Then, 16S rRNA sequencings of feces were carried out to evaluate the differences in intestinal flora.Results: Compared with the spontaneous activity and exploratory spirit of the healthy group, those traits in the RIBI model mice in the open field significantly decreased, the freezing time in the elevated plus maze(EPM) significantly increased, and the number of times the mice discriminated the novel object was significantly lower. Hematoxylin-eosin slides showed that the main histopathological changes of RIBI occurred in the hippocampus. In addition, the diversity and relative abundances ratio of the gut bacterial phylum, order, family, and genus in the model group varied widely. Changes in Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were the most obvious after head radiation exposure. In comparison, LBP could accelerate the recovery of weight loss in RIBI mice. The frequency that mice entered the center of the open field, facing the open arm in the EPM, and the number of times they discriminated the novel object were significantly increased with LBP administration. LBP could also reduce the levels of inflammatory factor caused by RIBI. LBP increased the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota in RIBI model mice. In addition, LBP increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes but decreased the levels of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria for irradiated mice.Conclusion: LBP can improve depression and tension by regulating the composition of gut microbiota,including lowering the relative abundance of Clostridia and Burkholderiales and raising that of Lactobacillales. Thus, LBP provides a new strategy for improving the protective effects of RIBI.展开更多
Pigs are exposed to various challenges such as weaning,environmental stressors,unhealthy diet,diseases and infections during their lifetime which adversely affects the gut microbiome.The inability of the pig microbiom...Pigs are exposed to various challenges such as weaning,environmental stressors,unhealthy diet,diseases and infections during their lifetime which adversely affects the gut microbiome.The inability of the pig microbiome to return to the pre-challenge baseline may lead to dysbiosis resulting in the outbreak of diseases.Therefore,the maintenance of gut microbiome diversity,robustness and stability has been influential for optimum intestinal health after perturbations.Nowadays human and animal researches have focused on more holistic approaches to obtain a robust gut microbiota that provides protection against pathogens and improves the digestive physiology and the immune system.In this review,we present an overview of the swine gut microbiota,factors affecting the gut microbiome and the importance of microbial stability in promoting optimal intestinal health.Additionally,we discussed the current understanding of nutritional interventions using fibers and pre/probiotics supplementation as non-antibiotic alternatives to maintain microbiota resilience to replace diminished species.展开更多
Infant intestinal microbiome is closely linked with health and risk of disease. Bifidobacterium are important components of the infant gut and are known to confer various health effects on the host. However, few studi...Infant intestinal microbiome is closely linked with health and risk of disease. Bifidobacterium are important components of the infant gut and are known to confer various health effects on the host. However, few studies have described the precise composition and dynamics of early infant gut bifidobacterial communities. Thus, this was a pilot study aiming to describe the developmental trajectories and temporal dynamics of bifidobacterial communities in infants before 6 months of age. A total of 28 fecal samples from 4 infants(GF, ZZ, QM, TN, respectively)were collected and analyzed after 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days of birth by a bifidobacteria-target method(based on single-molecule real-time sequencing of partial bifidobacterial rpsK genes)in conjunction with droplet digital polymerase chain reaction(ddPCR). The infant fecal microbiota comprised a total of 11 bifidobacterial species, including 4 major species, i.e., B. dentium(37.35%), B. catenulatum(32.04%), B. breve(22.24%), and B. animalis(8.02%). The infant microbiota showed highly individualized developmental trajectories. The leading species for GF was B. catenulatum, with a relatively stable developmental trajectory. In ZZ, B. breve was enriched, and the developmental trajectory was rather fluctuating. The most abundant species for QM and TN was B. dentium. The developmental trajectory of B. dentium in QM showed a trend of gradual decrease, whereas an opposite trend was seen in samples of TN. The results of ddPCR confirmed large variations in quantities of bifidobacteria between infants and suggested discordances in temporal dynamics of bifidobacterial communities during the first half year of infancy. In conclusion, our results suggested that the early infant gut bifidobacterial microbiota was highly complex and temporal dynamics, with individualized developmental trajectories, which should be considered in future research of infant gut microbiota.展开更多
目的:系统评价心力衰竭患者肠道微生物群的特征。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、CNKI、VIP、Wangfang Data和CBM数据库,检索时限设置为自建库至2023年6月,对纳入的研究进行系统评价。结果:最终纳...目的:系统评价心力衰竭患者肠道微生物群的特征。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、CNKI、VIP、Wangfang Data和CBM数据库,检索时限设置为自建库至2023年6月,对纳入的研究进行系统评价。结果:最终纳入21项病例对照研究,包括心衰患者869例,对照人群925例。系统评价结果显示,与健康人群相比,心衰患者肠道微生物群α多样性降低,β多样性分离明显。门水平上,丰度升高的有Actinobacteria、Proteobacteria,丰度降低的有Firmicutes、Bacteroidetes;科水平上,丰度升高的有Enterococcaceae;属水平上,丰度升高的有Escherichia-Shigella、Enterococcus、Escherichia coli、Yeast like Fungi、Klebsiella和Streptococcus,丰度降低的有Bifidobacterium、Bacteroides和Lactobacillus。结论:心力衰竭患者肠道微生物群多样性降低,有益菌群的丰度降低,有害菌群的丰度升高。考虑到相关研究存在的局限性,上述结论需要仍需要更多大样本、高质量研究予以进一步验证。展开更多
目的探索牛奶蛋白过敏(cow's milk protein allergy,CMPA)患儿肠道菌群及短链脂肪酸水平的变化,明确其在CMPA中的作用。方法纳入2019年8月—2020年8月在郑州大学附属儿童医院就诊的25例CMPA婴儿作为CMPA组,同时选取25例正常婴儿作...目的探索牛奶蛋白过敏(cow's milk protein allergy,CMPA)患儿肠道菌群及短链脂肪酸水平的变化,明确其在CMPA中的作用。方法纳入2019年8月—2020年8月在郑州大学附属儿童医院就诊的25例CMPA婴儿作为CMPA组,同时选取25例正常婴儿作为对照组。收集两组婴儿粪便200mg,采用16SrDNA高通量检测技术和液相色谱质谱联用技术分别检测肠道微生物组成及其代谢产物的变化,并将微生物多样性与代谢产物进行联合分析。结果与对照组相比,CMPA组患儿肠道菌群结构发生变化,且α-多样性显著增加(P<0.001)。与对照组相比,CMPA组患儿肠道内厚壁菌门、梭状芽孢杆菌目、拟杆菌丰度显著降低,而梭菌科、支原体科、鞘脂单胞菌科丰度显著增加(P<0.001)。代谢组学检测发现,与对照组相比,CMPA组菌群代谢产物乙酸、丁酸和异戊酸水平显著下降,并与短链脂肪酸产生菌粪杆菌属、罗氏菌属等丰度呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论CMPA患儿肠道内菌群结构发生改变,微生物多样性增加,短链脂肪酸水平降低,可能导致肠道炎症反应增加。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970116,72274192)。
文摘Biodiversity has become a terminology familiar to virtually every citizen in modern societies.It is said that ecology studies the economy of nature,and economy studies the ecology of humans;then measuring biodiversity should be similar with measuring national wealth.Indeed,there have been many parallels between ecology and economics,actually beyond analogies.For example,arguably the second most widely used biodiversity metric,Simpson(1949)’s diversity index,is a function of familiar Gini-index in economics.One of the biggest challenges has been the high“diversity”of diversity indexes due to their excessive“speciation”-there are so many indexes,similar to each country’s sovereign currency-leaving confused diversity practitioners in dilemma.In 1973,Hill introduced the concept of“numbers equivalent”,which is based on Renyi entropy and originated in economics,but possibly due to his abstruse interpretation of the concept,his message was not widely received by ecologists until nearly four decades later.What Hill suggested was similar to link the US dollar to gold at the rate of$35 per ounce under the Bretton Woods system.The Hill numbers now are considered most appropriate biodiversity metrics system,unifying Shannon,Simpson and other diversity indexes.Here,we approach to another paradigmatic shift-measuring biodiversity on ecological networks-demonstrated with animal gastrointestinal microbiomes representing four major invertebrate classes and all six vertebrate classes.The network diversity can reveal the diversity of species interactions,which is a necessary step for understanding the spatial and temporal structures and dynamics of biodiversity across environmental gradients.
基金supported(in part)by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2042021kf1041,2042021kf1041)the Medical Science and Technique Foundation of Henan Province(SBGJ202002097)the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2016YFC0106300)。
文摘Background: Studies had shown many diseases affect the stability of human microbiota, but how this relates to benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) has not been well understood. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the regulation of BPH on gut microbiota composition and metabonomics.Methods: We analyzed gut samples from rats with BPH and healthy control rats, the gut microbiota composition and metabonomics were detected by 16S rDNA sequencing and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(LC–MS/MS).Results: High-throughput sequencing results showed that gut microbiota beta-diversity increased(P<0.01) in the BPH group vs. control group. Muribaculaceae(P<0.01), Turicibacteraceae(P<0.05), Turicibacter(P<0.01) and Coprococcus(P<0.01) were significantly decreased in the BPH group, whereas that of Mollicutes(P<0.05) and Prevotella(P<0.05)were significantly increased compared with the control group. Despite profound interindividual variability, the levels of several predominant genera were different. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences in several bacteria. BPH group vs. control group: Firmicutes(52.30% vs. 57.29%, P>0.05), Bacteroidetes(46.54% vs. 41.64%,P>0.05), Clostridia(50.89% vs. 54.66%, P>0.05), Ruminococcaceae(25.67% vs. 20.56%, P>0.05). LC–MS/MS of intestinal contents revealed that differential metabolites were mainly involved in cellular processes, environmental information processing, metabolism and organismal systems. The most important pathways were global and overview maps, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, digestive system and endocrine system. Through enrichment analysis, we found that the differential metabolites were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways, steroid hormone biosynthesis,ovarian steroidogenesis, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and bile secretion. Pearson correlation analysis(R=0.94) showed that there was a strong correlation between Prevotellaceae, Corynebacteriaceae, Turicibacteraceae,Bifidobacteriaceae and differential metabolites.Conclusions: Our findings suggested an association between the gut microbiota and BPH, but the causal relationship between the two groups is unclear. Thus, further studies are warranted to elucidate the potential mechanisms and causal relationships between BPH and gut microbiota.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81273919 and No.81673727National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)No.2013CB531703
文摘AIM To investigate gut microbial diversity and the interventional effect of Xiaoyaosan(XYS) in a rat model of functional dyspepsia(FD) with liver depression-spleen deficiency syndrome. METHODS The FD with liver depression-spleen deficiency syndrome rat model was established through classic chronic mild unpredictable stimulation every day. XYS group rats received XYS 1 h before the stimulation. The models were assessed by parameters including state ofthe rat, weight, sucrose test result and open-field test result. After 3 wk, the stools of rats were collected and genomic DNA was extracted. PCR products of the V4 region of 16 S rD NA were sequenced using a barcoded Illumina paired-end sequencing technique. The primary composition of the microbiome in the stool samples was determined and analyzed by cluster analysis.RESULTS Rat models were successfully established, per data from rat state, weight and open-field test. The microbiomes contained 20 phyla from all samples. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Tenericutes were the most abundant taxonomic groups. The relative abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria in the model group was higher than that in the normal group. On the contrary, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in the model group was lower than that in the normal group. Upon XYS treatment, the relative abundance of all dysregulated phyla was restored to levels similar to those observed in the normal group. Abundance clustering heat map of phyla corroborated the taxonomic distribution. CONCLUSION The microbiome relative abundance of FD rats with liver depression-spleen deficiency syndrome was significantly different from the normal cohort. XYS intervention may effectively adjust the gut dysbacteriosis in FD.
文摘BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify characteristic gut genera in obese and normal-weight children(8-12 years old)using 16S rDNA sequencing.The research aimed to provide insights for mechanistic studies and prevention strategies for childhood obesity.Thirty normal-weight and thirty age-and sex-matched obese children were included.Questionnaires and body measurements were collected,and fecal samples underwent 16S rDNA sequencing.Significant differences in body mass index(BMI)and body-fat percentage were observed between the groups.Analysis of gut microbiota diversity revealed lowerα-diversity in obese children.Differences in gut microbiota composition were found between the two groups.Prevotella and Firmicutes were more abundant in the obese group,while Bacteroides and Sanguibacteroides were more prevalent in the control group.AIM To identify the characteristic gut genera in obese and normal-weight children(8-12-year-old)using 16S rDNA sequencing,and provide a basis for subsequent mechanistic studies and prevention strategies for childhood obesity.METHODS Thirty each normal-weight,1:1 matched for age and sex,and obese children,with an obese status from 2020 to 2022,were included in the control and obese groups,respectively.Basic information was collected through questionnaires and body measurements were obtained from both obese and normal-weight children.Fecal samples were collected from both groups and subjected to 16S rDNA sequencing using an Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform for gut microbiota diversity analysis.RESULTS Significant differences in BMI and body-fat percentage were observed between the two groups.The Ace and Chao1 indices were significantly lower in the obese group than those in the control group,whereas differences were not significant in the Shannon and Simpson indices.Kruskal-Wallis tests indicated significant differences in unweighted and weighted UniFrac distances between the gut microbiota of normal-weight and obese children(P<0.01),suggesting substantial disparities in both the species and quantity of gut microbiota between the two groups.Prevotella,Firmicutes,Bacteroides,and Sanguibacteroides were more abundant in the obese and control groups,respectively.Heatmap results demonstrated significant differences in the gut microbiota composition between obese and normal-weight children.CONCLUSION Obese children exhibited lowerα-diversity in their gut microbiota than did the normal-weight children.Significant differences were observed in the composition of gut microbiota between obese and normal-weight children.
基金supported by United Innovative Foundation of Beijing-Haidian (L222126)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (7202147)
文摘Objective: To determine the extent to which Lycium barbarum polysaccharide(LBP) improves60Co γ-ray radiation-induced brain injury(RIBI) by regulating the gut microbiota.Methods: The RIBI model of mice was established with the appropriate dose of60Co γ-ray to identify the changes in the body weight, behaviors, gut microbiota, and inflammatory reactions of mice. Mice were randomly divided into healthy, RIBI model, and LBP groups. The related inflammatory cytokines were determined using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit. Then, 16S rRNA sequencings of feces were carried out to evaluate the differences in intestinal flora.Results: Compared with the spontaneous activity and exploratory spirit of the healthy group, those traits in the RIBI model mice in the open field significantly decreased, the freezing time in the elevated plus maze(EPM) significantly increased, and the number of times the mice discriminated the novel object was significantly lower. Hematoxylin-eosin slides showed that the main histopathological changes of RIBI occurred in the hippocampus. In addition, the diversity and relative abundances ratio of the gut bacterial phylum, order, family, and genus in the model group varied widely. Changes in Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were the most obvious after head radiation exposure. In comparison, LBP could accelerate the recovery of weight loss in RIBI mice. The frequency that mice entered the center of the open field, facing the open arm in the EPM, and the number of times they discriminated the novel object were significantly increased with LBP administration. LBP could also reduce the levels of inflammatory factor caused by RIBI. LBP increased the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota in RIBI model mice. In addition, LBP increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes but decreased the levels of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria for irradiated mice.Conclusion: LBP can improve depression and tension by regulating the composition of gut microbiota,including lowering the relative abundance of Clostridia and Burkholderiales and raising that of Lactobacillales. Thus, LBP provides a new strategy for improving the protective effects of RIBI.
基金supported by the Department of Animal Resources&Science through the Research Focused Department Promotion Project as a part of the University Innovation Support Program for Dankook University in 2022。
文摘Pigs are exposed to various challenges such as weaning,environmental stressors,unhealthy diet,diseases and infections during their lifetime which adversely affects the gut microbiome.The inability of the pig microbiome to return to the pre-challenge baseline may lead to dysbiosis resulting in the outbreak of diseases.Therefore,the maintenance of gut microbiome diversity,robustness and stability has been influential for optimum intestinal health after perturbations.Nowadays human and animal researches have focused on more holistic approaches to obtain a robust gut microbiota that provides protection against pathogens and improves the digestive physiology and the immune system.In this review,we present an overview of the swine gut microbiota,factors affecting the gut microbiome and the importance of microbial stability in promoting optimal intestinal health.Additionally,we discussed the current understanding of nutritional interventions using fibers and pre/probiotics supplementation as non-antibiotic alternatives to maintain microbiota resilience to replace diminished species.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31972083)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (2020ZD12)+2 种基金the Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Major Projects (2021ZD0014)the Inner Mongolia Science & Technology Planning Project (2022YFSJ0017)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA。
文摘Infant intestinal microbiome is closely linked with health and risk of disease. Bifidobacterium are important components of the infant gut and are known to confer various health effects on the host. However, few studies have described the precise composition and dynamics of early infant gut bifidobacterial communities. Thus, this was a pilot study aiming to describe the developmental trajectories and temporal dynamics of bifidobacterial communities in infants before 6 months of age. A total of 28 fecal samples from 4 infants(GF, ZZ, QM, TN, respectively)were collected and analyzed after 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days of birth by a bifidobacteria-target method(based on single-molecule real-time sequencing of partial bifidobacterial rpsK genes)in conjunction with droplet digital polymerase chain reaction(ddPCR). The infant fecal microbiota comprised a total of 11 bifidobacterial species, including 4 major species, i.e., B. dentium(37.35%), B. catenulatum(32.04%), B. breve(22.24%), and B. animalis(8.02%). The infant microbiota showed highly individualized developmental trajectories. The leading species for GF was B. catenulatum, with a relatively stable developmental trajectory. In ZZ, B. breve was enriched, and the developmental trajectory was rather fluctuating. The most abundant species for QM and TN was B. dentium. The developmental trajectory of B. dentium in QM showed a trend of gradual decrease, whereas an opposite trend was seen in samples of TN. The results of ddPCR confirmed large variations in quantities of bifidobacteria between infants and suggested discordances in temporal dynamics of bifidobacterial communities during the first half year of infancy. In conclusion, our results suggested that the early infant gut bifidobacterial microbiota was highly complex and temporal dynamics, with individualized developmental trajectories, which should be considered in future research of infant gut microbiota.
文摘目的:系统评价心力衰竭患者肠道微生物群的特征。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、CNKI、VIP、Wangfang Data和CBM数据库,检索时限设置为自建库至2023年6月,对纳入的研究进行系统评价。结果:最终纳入21项病例对照研究,包括心衰患者869例,对照人群925例。系统评价结果显示,与健康人群相比,心衰患者肠道微生物群α多样性降低,β多样性分离明显。门水平上,丰度升高的有Actinobacteria、Proteobacteria,丰度降低的有Firmicutes、Bacteroidetes;科水平上,丰度升高的有Enterococcaceae;属水平上,丰度升高的有Escherichia-Shigella、Enterococcus、Escherichia coli、Yeast like Fungi、Klebsiella和Streptococcus,丰度降低的有Bifidobacterium、Bacteroides和Lactobacillus。结论:心力衰竭患者肠道微生物群多样性降低,有益菌群的丰度降低,有害菌群的丰度升高。考虑到相关研究存在的局限性,上述结论需要仍需要更多大样本、高质量研究予以进一步验证。
文摘目的探索牛奶蛋白过敏(cow's milk protein allergy,CMPA)患儿肠道菌群及短链脂肪酸水平的变化,明确其在CMPA中的作用。方法纳入2019年8月—2020年8月在郑州大学附属儿童医院就诊的25例CMPA婴儿作为CMPA组,同时选取25例正常婴儿作为对照组。收集两组婴儿粪便200mg,采用16SrDNA高通量检测技术和液相色谱质谱联用技术分别检测肠道微生物组成及其代谢产物的变化,并将微生物多样性与代谢产物进行联合分析。结果与对照组相比,CMPA组患儿肠道菌群结构发生变化,且α-多样性显著增加(P<0.001)。与对照组相比,CMPA组患儿肠道内厚壁菌门、梭状芽孢杆菌目、拟杆菌丰度显著降低,而梭菌科、支原体科、鞘脂单胞菌科丰度显著增加(P<0.001)。代谢组学检测发现,与对照组相比,CMPA组菌群代谢产物乙酸、丁酸和异戊酸水平显著下降,并与短链脂肪酸产生菌粪杆菌属、罗氏菌属等丰度呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论CMPA患儿肠道内菌群结构发生改变,微生物多样性增加,短链脂肪酸水平降低,可能导致肠道炎症反应增加。