In this study,we investigated the effects of major royal jelly proteins(MRJPs)on the estrogen,gut microbiota,and immunological responses in mice.Mice given 250 or 500 mg/kg,not 125 mg/kg of MRJPs,enhanced the prolifer...In this study,we investigated the effects of major royal jelly proteins(MRJPs)on the estrogen,gut microbiota,and immunological responses in mice.Mice given 250 or 500 mg/kg,not 125 mg/kg of MRJPs,enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes in response to mitogens.The splenocytes and mesenteric lymphocytes activated by T-cell mitogens(Con A and anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies)released high levels of IL-2 but low levels of IFN-γand IL-17A.The release of IL-4 was unaffected by MRJPs.Additionally,splenocytes and mesenteric lymphocytes activated by LPS were prevented by MRJPs at the same dose as that required for producing IL-1βand IL-6,two pro-inflammatory cytokines.The production of IL-1β,IL-6,and IFN-γwas negatively associated with estrogen levels,which were higher in the MRJP-treated animals than in the control group.Analysis of the gut microbiota revealed that feeding mice 250 mg/kg of MRJPs maintained the stability of the natural intestinal microflora of mice.Additionally,the LEf Se analysis identified biomarkers in the MRJP-treated mice,including Prevotella,Bacillales,Enterobacteriales,Gammaproteobacteria,Candidatus_Arthromitus,and Shigella.Our results showed that MRJPs are important components of royal jelly that modulate host immunity and hormone levels and help maintain gut microbiota stability.展开更多
Coprinus comatus polysaccharide(CCP)has significant hepatoprotective effect.To explore hepatoprotective mechanism of CCP,the study analyzed preventive effect of CCP on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice by histopath...Coprinus comatus polysaccharide(CCP)has significant hepatoprotective effect.To explore hepatoprotective mechanism of CCP,the study analyzed preventive effect of CCP on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice by histopathological examination and biochemical analysis.Simultaneously,hepatoprotective mechanism was also analyzed in conjunction with metabolomics and proliferation of gut microbiota.The results showed that CCP significantly decreased alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and triglyceride(TG)levels in serum of alcoholic liver disease(ALD)mice.Histopathological examination showed that CCP can significantly improve liver damage.Metabolomics results showed that there were significant differences in the level of metabolites in liver tissue of control group,ALD group and CCP group,including taurine,xanthosine,fumaric acid and arachidonic acid,among others.Metabolites pathways analysis showed that hepatoprotective effect of CCP was related to energy metabolism,biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids,amino acids metabolism and lipid metabolism.Additionally,CCP inhibited an increase in the number of Clostridium perfringens,Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus,and a decrease in the number of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the gut of ALD mice.All these findings suggested that CCP treatment reversed the phenotype of ethanol-induced liver injury and the associated metabolites pathways.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a prevalent and aggressive liver malignancy.The interplay between bile acids(BAs)and the gut microbiota has emerged as a critical factor in HCC development and progression.Under normal ...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a prevalent and aggressive liver malignancy.The interplay between bile acids(BAs)and the gut microbiota has emerged as a critical factor in HCC development and progression.Under normal conditions,BA metabolism is tightly regulated through a bidirectional interplay between gut microorganisms and BAs.The gut microbiota plays a critical role in BA metabolism,and BAs are endogenous signaling molecules that help maintain liver and intestinal homeostasis.Of note,dysbiotic changes in the gut microbiota during pathogenesis and cancer development can disrupt BA homeostasis,thereby leading to liver inflammation and fibrosis,and ultimately contributing to HCC development.Therefore,understanding the intricate interplay between BAs and the gut microbiota is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms underlying hepatocarcinogenesis.In this review,we comprehensively explore the roles and functions of BA metabolism,with a focus on the interactions between BAs and gut microorganisms in HCC.Additionally,therapeutic strategies targeting BA metabolism and the gut microbiota are discussed,including the use of BA agonists/antagonists,probiotic/prebiotic and dietary interventions,fecal microbiota transplantation,and engineered bacteria.In summary,understanding the complex BA-microbiota crosstalk can provide valuable insights into HCC development and facilitate the development of innovative therapeutic approaches for liver malignancy.展开更多
Highland barley(HB)is a high-altitude cereal with rich nutritional components and potential health benefits.To clarify its hypoglycemic effect and mechanism,we investigated the effect of whole grain HB and fecal micro...Highland barley(HB)is a high-altitude cereal with rich nutritional components and potential health benefits.To clarify its hypoglycemic effect and mechanism,we investigated the effect of whole grain HB and fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)on glucose metabolism and gut microbiota in high-fat diet and streptozotocin(HFD/STZ)-induced diabetic mice.The results showed that HB(40%)significantly decreased fasting blood glucose and the area under the glucose tolerance curve,significantly increased insulin secretion and improved insulin resistance in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice(P<0.05).Inflammatory factors and blood lipid indices were also significantly alleviated after 12 weeks of 40%HB intervention(P<0.05).Additionally,beneficial bacteria,such as Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia,were significantly enriched in the gut of diabetic mice after whole grain HB intervention.Meanwhile,the results of further FMT experiments verified that the fecal microbiota after the 40%HB intervention not only significantly increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia but also effectively improved glucose metabolism and alleviated the inflammatory state in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice.Collectively,our study confirmed the bridge role of gut microbiota in improving glucose metabolism of whole grain HB,which could promote the development of precision nutrition.展开更多
The aging of the global population has made postmenopausal osteoporosis prevention essential;however,pharmacological treatments are limited.Herein,we evaluate the effect of calcium-fortified fresh milk(FM)in ameliorat...The aging of the global population has made postmenopausal osteoporosis prevention essential;however,pharmacological treatments are limited.Herein,we evaluate the effect of calcium-fortified fresh milk(FM)in ameliorating postmenopausal osteoporosis in a rat model established using bilateral ovariectomy.After 3 months of FM(containing vitamin D,and casein phosphopeptides,1000 mg Ca/100 g)or control milk(110 mg Ca/100 g milk)supplementation,bone changes were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry,microcomputed tomography,and bone biomechanical testing.The results revealed that FM can regulate bone metabolism and gut microbiota composition,which act on bone metabolism through pathways associated with steroid hormone biosynthesis,relaxin signaling,serotonergic synapse,and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis.Furthermore,FM administration significantly increased bone mineral content and density in the lumbar spine and femur,as well as femoral compressive strength,while improving femoral trabecular bone parameters and microarchitecture.Mechanistically,we found that the effects may be due to increased levels of estrogen,bone formation marker osteocalcin,and procollagen typeⅠN-propeptide,and decreased expression of the bone resorption marker C-telopiptide and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b.Overall,the findings suggest that FM is a potential alternative therapeutic option for ameliorating postmenopausal osteoporosis.展开更多
Hemorrhagic transformation is a major complication of large-artery atheroscle rotic stroke(a major ischemic stro ke subtype)that wo rsens outcomes and increases mortality.Disruption of the gut microbiota is an importa...Hemorrhagic transformation is a major complication of large-artery atheroscle rotic stroke(a major ischemic stro ke subtype)that wo rsens outcomes and increases mortality.Disruption of the gut microbiota is an important feature of stroke,and some specific bacteria and bacterial metabolites may contribute to hemorrhagic transformation pathogenesis.We aimed to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiota and hemorrhagic transformation in largearte ry atheroscle rotic stro ke.An observational retrospective study was conducted.From May 2020 to September 2021,blood and fecal samples were obtained upon admission from 32 patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke and not undergoing intravenous thrombolysis or endovascular thrombectomy,as well as 16 healthy controls.Patients with stro ke who developed hemorrhagic transfo rmation(n=15)were compared to those who did not develop hemorrhagic transformation(n=17)and with healthy controls.The gut microbiota was assessed through 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing.We also examined key components of the lipopolysaccharide pathway:lipopolysaccharide,lipopolysaccharide-binding protein,and soluble CD14.We observed that bacterial diversity was decreased in both the hemorrhagic transformation and non-hemorrhagic transfo rmation group compared with the healthy controls.The patients with ischemic stro ke who developed hemorrhagic transfo rmation exhibited altered gut micro biota composition,in particular an increase in the relative abundance and dive rsity of members belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family.Plasma lipopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein levels were higher in the hemorrhagic transformation group compared with the non-hemorrhagic transfo rmation group.lipopolysaccharide,lipopolysaccharide-binding protein,and soluble CD14 concentrations were associated with increased abundance of Enterobacte riaceae.Next,the role of the gut microbiota in hemorrhagic transformation was evaluated using an experimental stroke rat model.In this model,transplantation of the gut microbiota from hemorrhagic transformation rats into the recipient rats triggered higher plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide,lipopolysaccharide-binding protein,and soluble CD14.Ta ken togethe r,our findings demonstrate a noticeable change in the gut microbiota and lipopolysaccharide-related inflammatory response in stroke patients with hemorrhagic transformation.This suggests that maintaining a balanced gut microbiota may be an important factor in preventing hemorrhagic transfo rmation after stro ke.展开更多
There is increasing evidence that the gut microbiota affects the incidence and progression of central nervous system diseases via the brain-gut axis.The spinal cord is a vital important part of the central nervous sys...There is increasing evidence that the gut microbiota affects the incidence and progression of central nervous system diseases via the brain-gut axis.The spinal cord is a vital important part of the central nervous system;however,the underlying association between spinal cord injury and gut interactions remains unknown.Recent studies suggest that patients with spinal cord injury frequently experience intestinal dysfunction and gut dysbiosis.Alterations in the gut microbiota can cause disruption in the intestinal barrier and trigger neurogenic inflammatory responses which may impede recovery after spinal cord injury.This review summarizes existing clinical and basic research on the relationship between the gut microbiota and spinal cord injury.Our research identified three key points.First,the gut microbiota in patients with spinal cord injury presents a key characteristic and gut dysbiosis may profoundly influence multiple organs and systems in patients with spinal cord injury.Second,following spinal cord injury,weakened intestinal peristalsis,prolonged intestinal transport time,and immune dysfunction of the intestine caused by abnormal autonomic nerve function,as well as frequent antibiotic treatment,may induce gut dysbiosis.Third,the gut microbiota and associated metabolites may act on central neurons and affect recovery after spinal cord injury;cytokines and the Toll-like receptor ligand pathways have been identified as crucial mechanisms in the communication between the gut microbiota and central nervous system.Fecal microbiota transplantation,probiotics,dietary interventions,and other therapies have been shown to serve a neuroprotective role in spinal cord injury by modulating the gut microbiota.Therapies targeting the gut microbiota or associated metabolites are a promising approach to promote functional recovery and improve the complications of spinal cord injury.展开更多
Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus is an ideal model organism for marine invertebrate aestivation;it annually enters a“sleeping state”for nearly 3 months when ambient water temperature range is 25–30℃.The natural...Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus is an ideal model organism for marine invertebrate aestivation;it annually enters a“sleeping state”for nearly 3 months when ambient water temperature range is 25–30℃.The natural fasting is accompanied by remodeling the intestinal biota and function,which is a part of host biology and could affect the gut microbiota.We investigatesd the impact of annual aestivation on gut microbiota using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons.Results reveal a notable alteration in the composition of gut bacteria during aestivation during which various indigenous families and genera that exhibit a preference for dietary glycans(e.g.,family Rhodobacteraceae and Flavobacteriaceae)decreased,while the taxa capable of utilizing substrates derived from the host(e.g.,genus Akkermansia and Prevotella)increased,and so did certain opportunistic pathogenic bacteria.Moreover,the investigation delved into the gut morphology and immunity response of A.japonicus and reveal that the intestine of A.japonicus undergoes substantial atrophy and degeneration during aestivation.However,there was an observed augmentation in the levels of acid and neutral mucin within mucous cells,as well as an enhanced immune defense response(as evidenced by increased gene expression of AjTLR3,LITAF,Ajp105,and LYZ).These results imply that the composition of sea cucumber gut microbiota differed between aestivation and active periods,which potentially affects the intestinal functions of the host and the symbiotic relationship between host and its microbiota over the activeaestivation cycle.展开更多
Background Sex hormones play important roles in the estrus return of post-weaning sows.Previous studies have demonstrated a complex and bi-directional regulation between sex hormones and gut microbiota.However,the ext...Background Sex hormones play important roles in the estrus return of post-weaning sows.Previous studies have demonstrated a complex and bi-directional regulation between sex hormones and gut microbiota.However,the extent to which the gut microbiota affects estrus return of post-weaning sows is largely unknown.Results In this study,we first screened 207 fecal samples from well-phenotyped sows by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and identified significant associations between microbes and estrus return of post-weaning sows.Using metagenomic sequencing data from 85 fecal samples,we identified 37 bacterial species that were significantly associated with estrus return.Normally returning sows were characterized by increased abundances of L.reuteri and P.copri and decreased abundances of B.fragilis,S.suis,and B.pseudolongum.The changes in gut microbial composition significantly altered the functional capacity of steroid hormone biosynthesis in the gut microbiome.The results were confirmed in a validation cohort.Significant changes in sex steroid hormones and related compounds were found between normal and non-return sows via metabolome analysis.An integrated analysis of differential bacterial species,metagenome,and fecal metabolome provided evidence that normal return-associated bacterial species L.reuteri and Prevotella spp.participated in the degradation of pregnenolone,progesterone,and testosterone,thereby promoting estrogen biosynthesis.Furthermore,the microbial metabolites related to sow energy and nutrient supply or metabolic disorders also showed relationships with sow estrus return.Conclusions An integrated analysis of differentially abundant bacterial species,metagenome,and fecal metabolome revealed the involvement of L.reuteri and Prevotella spp.in sow estrus return.These findings provide deep insight into the role of gut microbiota in the estrus return of post-weaning sows and the complex cross-talk between gut microbiota and sex hormones,suggesting that the manipulation of the gut microbiota could be an effective strategy to improve sow estrus return after weaning.展开更多
Background Broilers have a robust metabolism and high body temperature,which make them less tolerant to hightemperature(HT)environments and more susceptible to challenges from elevated temperatures.Gut microbes,functi...Background Broilers have a robust metabolism and high body temperature,which make them less tolerant to hightemperature(HT)environments and more susceptible to challenges from elevated temperatures.Gut microbes,functioning as symbionts within the host,possess the capacity to significantly regulate the physiological functions and environmental adaptability of the host.This study aims to investigate the effects of gut microbial intervention on the body temperature and thermogenesis of broilers at different ambient temperatures,as well as the underlying mechanism involving the"gut-brain"axis.Methods Broilers were subjected to gut microbiota interference with or without antibiotics(control or ABX)starting at 1 day of age.At 21 day of age,they were divided into 4 groups and exposed to different environments for 7 d:The control and ABX groups at room temperature(RT,24±1℃,60%relative humidity(RH),24 h/d)and the control-HT and ABX-HT groups at high temperature(HT,32±1℃,60%RH,24 h/d).Results The results demonstrated that the antibiotic-induced gut microbiota intervention increased body weight and improved feed conversion in broiler chickens(P<0.05).Under HT conditions,the microbiota intervention reduced the rectal temperature of broiler chickens(P<0.05),inhibited the expression of avUCP and thermogenesisrelated genes in breast muscle and liver(P<0.05),and thus decreased thermogenesis capacity.Furthermore,the gut microbiota intervention blunted the hypothalamic‒pituitary‒adrenal axis and hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis activation induced by HT conditions.By analyzing the cecal microbiota composition of control and ABX chickens maintained under HT conditions,we found that Alistipes was enriched in control chickens.In contrast,antibioticinduced gut microbiota intervention resulted in a decrease in the relative abundance of Alistipes(P<0.05).Moreover,this difference was accompanied by increased hypothalamic 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)content and TPH2 expression(P<0.05).Conclusions These findings underscore the critical role of the gut microbiota in regulating broiler thermogenesis via the gut-brain axis and suggest that the hypothalamic 5-HT pathway may be a potential mechanism by which the gut microbiota affects thermoregulation in broilers.展开更多
Background This work aimed to investigate the potential benefits of administering Prevotella and its primary metabolite succinate on performance,hepatic lipid accumulation and gut microbiota in laying hens.Results One...Background This work aimed to investigate the potential benefits of administering Prevotella and its primary metabolite succinate on performance,hepatic lipid accumulation and gut microbiota in laying hens.Results One hundred and fifty 58-week-old Hyline Brown laying hens,with laying rate below 80%and plasma triglyceride(TG)exceeding 5 mmol/L,were used in this study.The hens were randomly allocated into 5 groups and subjected to one of the following treatments:fed with a basal diet(negative control,NC),oral gavage of 3 mL/hen saline every other day(positive control,PC),gavage of 3 mL/hen Prevotella melaninogenica(10^(7)CFU/mL,PM)or 3 mL/hen Prevotella copri(10^(7)CFU/mL,P.copri)every other day,and basal diet supplemented with 0.25%sodium succinate(Succinate).The results showed that PM and P.copri treatments significantly improved laying rate compared to the PC(P<0.05).The amount of lipid droplet was notably decreased by PM,P.copri,and Succinate treatments at week 4 and decreased by P.copri at week 8(P<0.05).Correspondingly,the plasma TG level in Succinate group was lower than that of PC(P<0.05).Hepatic TG content,however,was not significantly influenced at week 4 and 8(P>0.05).PM treatment increased(P<0.05)the mRNA levels of genes PGC-1βand APB-5B at week 4,and ACC and CPT-1 at week 8.The results indicated enhanced antioxidant activities at week 8,as evidenced by reduced hepatic malondialdehyde(MDA)level and improved antioxidant enzymes activities in PM and Succinate groups(P<0.05).Supplementing with Prevotella or succinate can alter the cecal microbiota.Specifically,the abundance of Prevotella in the Succinate group was significantly higher than that in the other 4 groups at the family and genus levels(P<0.05).Conclusions Oral intake of Prevotella and dietary supplementation of succinate can ameliorate lipid metabolism of laying hens.The beneficial effect of Prevotella is consistent across different species.The finding highlights that succinate,the primary metabolite of Prevotella,represents a more feasible feed additive for alleviating fatty liver in laying hens.展开更多
Litopenaeus vannamei is the most extensively cultured shrimp species globally,recognized for its scale,production,and economic value.However,its aquaculture is plagued by frequent disease outbreaks,resulting in rapid ...Litopenaeus vannamei is the most extensively cultured shrimp species globally,recognized for its scale,production,and economic value.However,its aquaculture is plagued by frequent disease outbreaks,resulting in rapid and massive mortality.etiological research often lags behind the emergence of new diseases,leaving the causal agents of some shrimp diseases unidentified and leading to nomenclature based on symptomatic presentations,especially in cases involving co-and polymicrobial pathogens.Comprehensive data on shrimp disease statuses remain limited.In this review,we summarize current knowledge on shrimp diseases and their effects on the gut microbiome.Furthermore,we also propose a workflow integrating primary colonizers,“driver”taxa in gut networks from healthy to diseased states,disease-discriminatory taxa,and virulence genes to identify potential polymicrobial pathogens.We examine both abiotic and biotic factors(e.g.,external and internal sources and specific-disease effects)that influence shrimp gut microbiota,with an emphasis on the“holobiome”concept and common features of gut microbiota response to diverse diseases.After excluding the effects of confounding factors,we provide a diagnosis model for quantitatively predicting shrimp disease incidence using disease common-discriminatory taxa,irrespective of the causal agents.Due to the conservation of functional genes used in designing specific primers,we propose a practical strategy applying qPCR-assayed abundances of disease common-discriminatory functional genes.This review updates the roles of the gut microbiota in exploring shrimp etiology,polymicrobial pathogens,and disease incidence,offering a refined perspective for advancing shrimp aquaculture health management.展开更多
Dietary parboiled rice(PR)has a low risk of disease,but little is known about the contribution of PR to the prevention of hyperlipidemia.The potential role and underlying mechanisms of PR in hyperlipidemia were evalua...Dietary parboiled rice(PR)has a low risk of disease,but little is known about the contribution of PR to the prevention of hyperlipidemia.The potential role and underlying mechanisms of PR in hyperlipidemia were evaluated in this study.Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with a normal diet,high-fat diet(HFD)containing refined rice(HFDRR)or PR(HFDPR).It was found that PR intervention improved lipid accumulation in mice.Transcriptomic data analysis revealed that 27 genes were up-regulated(mostly involved in lipid breakdown)and 86 genes were down-regulated(mostly involved in inflammatory responses)in the HFDPR group compared to the HFDRR group.And 15 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were validated by quantitative real-time PCR(RT-qPCR),while protein interaction network showed that protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C(PTPRC)has a central role.The gut microbiota of mice was also altered after different dietary treatments,with higher ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes,increased abundances of Ruminococcaceae,Lachnospiraceae,Christensenellaceae,Porphyromonadaceae,Rikenellaceae and Prevotellaceae,and decreased abundances of Lactobacillaceae,Peptostreptococcaceae,Erysipelotrichaceae and Actinobacteria in the HFDRR group.In addition,it was observed that PPAR signaling pathway may act as a bridge between DEGs and differential gut microbiota.These results suggested that PR can prevent hyperlipidemia by modulating liver genes and gut microbiota.展开更多
Golden-flower fungus,the only dominant microorganism determining the Fu-brick tea quality through fermentation and the important microbe in Liupao tea,is considered a potential probiotic fungus based on its anti-obesi...Golden-flower fungus,the only dominant microorganism determining the Fu-brick tea quality through fermentation and the important microbe in Liupao tea,is considered a potential probiotic fungus based on its anti-obesity effect.However,the classification of golden-flower fungi is still controversial;the anti-obesity effect of golden-flower fungus polysaccharides remains unknown.In this study,we identify a golden-flower strain as Aspergillus cristatus based on morphological characteristics and multigene phylogeny analysis,which resolves the controversy of classification.Moreover,we find A.cristatus polysaccharides(ACPS)attenuate obesity in rats.ACPS modulate gut bacterial composition.in which Akkermansia,Akkermansia muciniphila,Bacteroides,Romboutsia,Blautia,and Desulfovibrio are considered the core microbes regulated by ACPS.ACPS increase fecal total short-chain fatty acid content and serum,hepatic,and fecal total bile acid content.Furthermore,ACPS-induced gut microbiota alteration plays a causal role in the protection from obesity,according to a fecal transplantation experiment.Thus,ACPS ameliorate obesity by regulating gut microbiota and gut microbiota-related metabolites.展开更多
With the rapidly aging human population,age-related cognitive decline and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide.Aging is considered the main risk factor for cognitive decline and acts through alterati...With the rapidly aging human population,age-related cognitive decline and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide.Aging is considered the main risk factor for cognitive decline and acts through alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota,microbial metabolites,and the functions of astrocytes.The microbiota–gut–brain axis has been the focus of multiple studies and is closely associated with cognitive function.This article provides a comprehensive review of the specific changes that occur in the composition of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in older individuals and discusses how the aging of astrocytes and reactive astrocytosis are closely related to age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.This article also summarizes the gut microbiota components that affect astrocyte function,mainly through the vagus nerve,immune responses,circadian rhythms,and microbial metabolites.Finally,this article summarizes the mechanism by which the gut microbiota–astrocyte axis plays a role in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.Our findings have revealed the critical role of the microbiota–astrocyte axis in age-related cognitive decline,aiding in a deeper understanding of potential gut microbiome-based adjuvant therapy strategies for this condition.展开更多
Obesity is associated with gut dysbiosis and metabolic endotoxin.Junshanyinzhen tea extract(JSTE)reduced fat accumulation and body weight in obese mice.However,the effects and mechanism of JSTE in preventing obesity w...Obesity is associated with gut dysbiosis and metabolic endotoxin.Junshanyinzhen tea extract(JSTE)reduced fat accumulation and body weight in obese mice.However,the effects and mechanism of JSTE in preventing obesity were unclear.Therefore,we used different doses of JSTE(75,150 and 300 mg/(kg·day))to evaluate the effect on high-fat diet(HFD)-induced rats under 8 weeks of intervention.Here,our results showed that JSTE could significantly reduce body weight gain,blood lipid levels and fat accumulation,improve fatty damage in liver tissue(P<0.05).In addition,JSTE increased the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins(P<0.05),relieved metabolic endotoxemia(P<0.05)and chronic low-grade inflammation in HFD rats.Sequencing of fecal samples showed that JSTE could effectively reverse the microbial diversity and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes to normal levels in HFD-fed rats.Desulfovibrioceae and Erysipelotrichaceae,which are positively related to obesity,were decreased by JSTE intervention(P<0.05).while Bifidobacteriaceae,Bacteroidaceae,Akkermansia,and Clostridium,which are negatively related to obesity,were increased.Together,these results suggested that JSTE might effectively prevent obesity by modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis,intestinal barrier dysfunction,metabolic endotoxemia and chronic low-grade infl ammation in HFD-induced rats.展开更多
Two oligosaccharide fractions(MLO 2-1 and 2-2)were purified from enzymatic hydrolysate of mulberry leaf polysaccharide.The results of simulated digestion showed that MLO 2-2 was a digestible oligosaccharide,which coul...Two oligosaccharide fractions(MLO 2-1 and 2-2)were purified from enzymatic hydrolysate of mulberry leaf polysaccharide.The results of simulated digestion showed that MLO 2-2 was a digestible oligosaccharide,which could be degraded by human digestive juice;while MLO 2-1 possessed the non-digestible property in the upper gastrointestinal tract and performed the function by regulating the gut microbiota.Hence,MLO 2-1 was selected for the further analysis.The structure of MLO 2-1 was elucidated as follow:α-T-Glcp-(1→3)-β-Glcp-(1→5)-α-Araf-(1→5)-α-Araf-1→5)-α-Araf-(1→3)-α-(2-OAc)-Glcp-1.The in vitro fecal fermentation results showed that MLO 2-1 could modulate the composition of gut microbiota.Meanwhile,MLO 2-1 was effectively metabolized by fecal bacteria to produce lactate and short chain fatty acids,especially acetate and butyrate.The specific metabolic pathways of MLO 2-1 by gut microbiota were further illuminated.Gut microbiota analysis revealed that MLO 2-1 selectively promoted the growth of Ligilactobacillus murinus,a commensal bacterium presented a reduced level in T2DM mice.Animal experiments indicated that MLO 2-1 and L.murinus exhibited hypoglycemic activities.These results demonstrated that MLO 2-1 might alleviate T2DM by selectively accelerating the proliferation of L.murinus.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hyperuricemia(HUA)is a public health concern that needs to be solved urgently.The lyophilized powder of Poecilobdella manillensis has been shown to significantly alleviate HUA;however,its underlying metabol...BACKGROUND Hyperuricemia(HUA)is a public health concern that needs to be solved urgently.The lyophilized powder of Poecilobdella manillensis has been shown to significantly alleviate HUA;however,its underlying metabolic regulation remains unclear.AIM To explore the underlying mechanisms of Poecilobdella manillensis in HUA based on modulation of the gut microbiota and host metabolism.METHODS A mouse model of rapid HUA was established using a high-purine diet and potassium oxonate injections.The mice received oral drugs or saline.Additionally,16S rRNA sequencing and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics were performed to identify changes in the microbiome and host metabolome,respectively.The levels of uric acid transporters and epithelial tight junction proteins in the renal and intestinal tissues were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS The protein extract of Poecilobdella manillensis lyophilized powder(49 mg/kg)showed an enhanced anti-trioxypurine ability than that of allopurinol(5 mg/kg)(P<0.05).A total of nine bacterial genera were identified to be closely related to the anti-trioxypurine activity of Poecilobdella manillensis powder,which included the genera of Prevotella,Delftia,Dialister,Akkermansia,Lactococcus,Escherichia_Shigella,Enterococcus,and Bacteroides.Furthermore,22 metabolites in the serum were found to be closely related to the anti-trioxypurine activity of Poecilobdella manillensis powder,which correlated to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways of cysteine and methionine metabolism,sphingolipid metabolism,galactose metabolism,and phenylalanine,tyrosine,and tryptophan biosynthesis.Correlation analysis found that changes in the gut microbiota were significantly related to these metabolites.CONCLUSION The proteins in Poecilobdella manillensis powder were effective for HUA.Mechanistically,they are associated with improvements in gut microbiota dysbiosis and the regulation of sphingolipid and galactose metabolism.展开更多
Trimethyltin chloride(TMT)is a potent neurotoxin to cause neurodegeneration,especially in hippocampus.This study aimed to identify dietary components that can effectively attenuate TMT-induced neurodegeneration in hum...Trimethyltin chloride(TMT)is a potent neurotoxin to cause neurodegeneration,especially in hippocampus.This study aimed to identify dietary components that can effectively attenuate TMT-induced neurodegeneration in humans.The predominant anthocyanin in human diets,cyanidin-3-O-glucoside(C3G,5 or 50 mg/kg),was given to mice for 16 days,and TMT(2.7 mg/kg)was injected intraperitoneally once on the eighth day.C3G(50 mg/kg)significantly alleviated TMT-induced seizures and subsequent cognitive impairment by ameliorating hippocampal neurodegeneration and synaptic dysfunction.Furthermore,C3G treatment restored glutamate homeostasis in brain and reversed glutamine synthetase(GS)inhibition in reactive astrogliosis and neuroinflammation,which are critical for C3G's neuroprotective effects.Notably,C3G decreased the lipopolysaccharide,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,and interleukin-1βlevels in the mice,which potentially by modulating the relative abundance of Atopobiaceae and Lachnospiraceae in the gut.C3G may be a promising and practical dietary component for reducing TMT-induced neurodegeneration.展开更多
Lipid metabolism disorders commonly occur during menopause.Estrogen deficiency has been shown to lead to excessive energy intake and abnormal lipid metabolism in ovariectomized rats,resulting in obesity.Probiotics exh...Lipid metabolism disorders commonly occur during menopause.Estrogen deficiency has been shown to lead to excessive energy intake and abnormal lipid metabolism in ovariectomized rats,resulting in obesity.Probiotics exhibit anti-obesity properties,and their underlying mechanism has been widely reported.In this study,we demonstrated the metabolic benefits of Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM1180 in suppressing appetite,controlling body weight,correcting obesity-induced abnormalities,enhancing liver lipid metabolism,and protecting liver function in estrogen-deficient rats.The mechanisms associated with the anti-obesity and anti-dyslipidemia effects of CCFM1180 on estrogen-deficient rats were clarified.The results showed that CCFM1180 dramatically reduced food intake by activating the expression of estrogen receptor alpha(ERα)and increasing the level of leptin in abdominal adipose tissue.These changes,combined with the increased butyrate concentration and recovered bile acid structure,helped enhance lipid metabolism.Additionally,CCFM1180 treatment was found to be safer than exogenous estrogen supplementation.Thus,L.plantarum CCFM1180 could be considered a new therapeutic strategy for preventing and alleviating menopausal lipid abnormalities.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2004104)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(202300410080)+2 种基金the Key Project of Henan Education Committee(21A310005)the Internal Fund of Hebei University of Economics and Business(2020ZD10)the Postgraduate“Talent Program”of Henan University(SYL20060187 and SYL20060189)。
文摘In this study,we investigated the effects of major royal jelly proteins(MRJPs)on the estrogen,gut microbiota,and immunological responses in mice.Mice given 250 or 500 mg/kg,not 125 mg/kg of MRJPs,enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes in response to mitogens.The splenocytes and mesenteric lymphocytes activated by T-cell mitogens(Con A and anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies)released high levels of IL-2 but low levels of IFN-γand IL-17A.The release of IL-4 was unaffected by MRJPs.Additionally,splenocytes and mesenteric lymphocytes activated by LPS were prevented by MRJPs at the same dose as that required for producing IL-1βand IL-6,two pro-inflammatory cytokines.The production of IL-1β,IL-6,and IFN-γwas negatively associated with estrogen levels,which were higher in the MRJP-treated animals than in the control group.Analysis of the gut microbiota revealed that feeding mice 250 mg/kg of MRJPs maintained the stability of the natural intestinal microflora of mice.Additionally,the LEf Se analysis identified biomarkers in the MRJP-treated mice,including Prevotella,Bacillales,Enterobacteriales,Gammaproteobacteria,Candidatus_Arthromitus,and Shigella.Our results showed that MRJPs are important components of royal jelly that modulate host immunity and hormone levels and help maintain gut microbiota stability.
基金The current project is funded by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(ZR2020MH370)Major Science and Technology Innovation in Shandong Province(2017CXGC1307)Ji’nan Science and Technology Project(201303055)。
文摘Coprinus comatus polysaccharide(CCP)has significant hepatoprotective effect.To explore hepatoprotective mechanism of CCP,the study analyzed preventive effect of CCP on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice by histopathological examination and biochemical analysis.Simultaneously,hepatoprotective mechanism was also analyzed in conjunction with metabolomics and proliferation of gut microbiota.The results showed that CCP significantly decreased alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and triglyceride(TG)levels in serum of alcoholic liver disease(ALD)mice.Histopathological examination showed that CCP can significantly improve liver damage.Metabolomics results showed that there were significant differences in the level of metabolites in liver tissue of control group,ALD group and CCP group,including taurine,xanthosine,fumaric acid and arachidonic acid,among others.Metabolites pathways analysis showed that hepatoprotective effect of CCP was related to energy metabolism,biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids,amino acids metabolism and lipid metabolism.Additionally,CCP inhibited an increase in the number of Clostridium perfringens,Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus,and a decrease in the number of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the gut of ALD mice.All these findings suggested that CCP treatment reversed the phenotype of ethanol-induced liver injury and the associated metabolites pathways.
基金supported by Fujian Provincial Natural Science(2020J01122587)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82103355,82102255,and 82222901)+1 种基金RGC Theme-based Research Scheme(T12-703/19-R)Research grants Council-General Research Fund(14117422 and 14117123)。
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a prevalent and aggressive liver malignancy.The interplay between bile acids(BAs)and the gut microbiota has emerged as a critical factor in HCC development and progression.Under normal conditions,BA metabolism is tightly regulated through a bidirectional interplay between gut microorganisms and BAs.The gut microbiota plays a critical role in BA metabolism,and BAs are endogenous signaling molecules that help maintain liver and intestinal homeostasis.Of note,dysbiotic changes in the gut microbiota during pathogenesis and cancer development can disrupt BA homeostasis,thereby leading to liver inflammation and fibrosis,and ultimately contributing to HCC development.Therefore,understanding the intricate interplay between BAs and the gut microbiota is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms underlying hepatocarcinogenesis.In this review,we comprehensively explore the roles and functions of BA metabolism,with a focus on the interactions between BAs and gut microorganisms in HCC.Additionally,therapeutic strategies targeting BA metabolism and the gut microbiota are discussed,including the use of BA agonists/antagonists,probiotic/prebiotic and dietary interventions,fecal microbiota transplantation,and engineered bacteria.In summary,understanding the complex BA-microbiota crosstalk can provide valuable insights into HCC development and facilitate the development of innovative therapeutic approaches for liver malignancy.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101876)the Discipline ConstructionFood Science and Engineering(SPKX-202202)grants。
文摘Highland barley(HB)is a high-altitude cereal with rich nutritional components and potential health benefits.To clarify its hypoglycemic effect and mechanism,we investigated the effect of whole grain HB and fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)on glucose metabolism and gut microbiota in high-fat diet and streptozotocin(HFD/STZ)-induced diabetic mice.The results showed that HB(40%)significantly decreased fasting blood glucose and the area under the glucose tolerance curve,significantly increased insulin secretion and improved insulin resistance in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice(P<0.05).Inflammatory factors and blood lipid indices were also significantly alleviated after 12 weeks of 40%HB intervention(P<0.05).Additionally,beneficial bacteria,such as Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia,were significantly enriched in the gut of diabetic mice after whole grain HB intervention.Meanwhile,the results of further FMT experiments verified that the fecal microbiota after the 40%HB intervention not only significantly increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia but also effectively improved glucose metabolism and alleviated the inflammatory state in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice.Collectively,our study confirmed the bridge role of gut microbiota in improving glucose metabolism of whole grain HB,which could promote the development of precision nutrition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32072191)Daxing District Major Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Project (2020006)+1 种基金Beijing Innovation Team Project of Livestock Industry Technology SystemBeijing Science and Technology Special Project (Z201100002620005)。
文摘The aging of the global population has made postmenopausal osteoporosis prevention essential;however,pharmacological treatments are limited.Herein,we evaluate the effect of calcium-fortified fresh milk(FM)in ameliorating postmenopausal osteoporosis in a rat model established using bilateral ovariectomy.After 3 months of FM(containing vitamin D,and casein phosphopeptides,1000 mg Ca/100 g)or control milk(110 mg Ca/100 g milk)supplementation,bone changes were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry,microcomputed tomography,and bone biomechanical testing.The results revealed that FM can regulate bone metabolism and gut microbiota composition,which act on bone metabolism through pathways associated with steroid hormone biosynthesis,relaxin signaling,serotonergic synapse,and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis.Furthermore,FM administration significantly increased bone mineral content and density in the lumbar spine and femur,as well as femoral compressive strength,while improving femoral trabecular bone parameters and microarchitecture.Mechanistically,we found that the effects may be due to increased levels of estrogen,bone formation marker osteocalcin,and procollagen typeⅠN-propeptide,and decreased expression of the bone resorption marker C-telopiptide and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b.Overall,the findings suggest that FM is a potential alternative therapeutic option for ameliorating postmenopausal osteoporosis.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Projects,Nos.2022 YFC3602400,2022 YFC3602401(to JX)the Project Program of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders(Xiangya Hospital),No.2020LNJJ16(to JX)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82271369(to JX)。
文摘Hemorrhagic transformation is a major complication of large-artery atheroscle rotic stroke(a major ischemic stro ke subtype)that wo rsens outcomes and increases mortality.Disruption of the gut microbiota is an important feature of stroke,and some specific bacteria and bacterial metabolites may contribute to hemorrhagic transformation pathogenesis.We aimed to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiota and hemorrhagic transformation in largearte ry atheroscle rotic stro ke.An observational retrospective study was conducted.From May 2020 to September 2021,blood and fecal samples were obtained upon admission from 32 patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke and not undergoing intravenous thrombolysis or endovascular thrombectomy,as well as 16 healthy controls.Patients with stro ke who developed hemorrhagic transfo rmation(n=15)were compared to those who did not develop hemorrhagic transformation(n=17)and with healthy controls.The gut microbiota was assessed through 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing.We also examined key components of the lipopolysaccharide pathway:lipopolysaccharide,lipopolysaccharide-binding protein,and soluble CD14.We observed that bacterial diversity was decreased in both the hemorrhagic transformation and non-hemorrhagic transfo rmation group compared with the healthy controls.The patients with ischemic stro ke who developed hemorrhagic transfo rmation exhibited altered gut micro biota composition,in particular an increase in the relative abundance and dive rsity of members belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family.Plasma lipopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein levels were higher in the hemorrhagic transformation group compared with the non-hemorrhagic transfo rmation group.lipopolysaccharide,lipopolysaccharide-binding protein,and soluble CD14 concentrations were associated with increased abundance of Enterobacte riaceae.Next,the role of the gut microbiota in hemorrhagic transformation was evaluated using an experimental stroke rat model.In this model,transplantation of the gut microbiota from hemorrhagic transformation rats into the recipient rats triggered higher plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide,lipopolysaccharide-binding protein,and soluble CD14.Ta ken togethe r,our findings demonstrate a noticeable change in the gut microbiota and lipopolysaccharide-related inflammatory response in stroke patients with hemorrhagic transformation.This suggests that maintaining a balanced gut microbiota may be an important factor in preventing hemorrhagic transfo rmation after stro ke.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82105019(to YC),82271218(to CZ)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipality Foundation,No.20JCZDJC00540(to CZ).
文摘There is increasing evidence that the gut microbiota affects the incidence and progression of central nervous system diseases via the brain-gut axis.The spinal cord is a vital important part of the central nervous system;however,the underlying association between spinal cord injury and gut interactions remains unknown.Recent studies suggest that patients with spinal cord injury frequently experience intestinal dysfunction and gut dysbiosis.Alterations in the gut microbiota can cause disruption in the intestinal barrier and trigger neurogenic inflammatory responses which may impede recovery after spinal cord injury.This review summarizes existing clinical and basic research on the relationship between the gut microbiota and spinal cord injury.Our research identified three key points.First,the gut microbiota in patients with spinal cord injury presents a key characteristic and gut dysbiosis may profoundly influence multiple organs and systems in patients with spinal cord injury.Second,following spinal cord injury,weakened intestinal peristalsis,prolonged intestinal transport time,and immune dysfunction of the intestine caused by abnormal autonomic nerve function,as well as frequent antibiotic treatment,may induce gut dysbiosis.Third,the gut microbiota and associated metabolites may act on central neurons and affect recovery after spinal cord injury;cytokines and the Toll-like receptor ligand pathways have been identified as crucial mechanisms in the communication between the gut microbiota and central nervous system.Fecal microbiota transplantation,probiotics,dietary interventions,and other therapies have been shown to serve a neuroprotective role in spinal cord injury by modulating the gut microbiota.Therapies targeting the gut microbiota or associated metabolites are a promising approach to promote functional recovery and improve the complications of spinal cord injury.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41906098)the NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund(No.U2106208)the Development Plan of Youth Innovation Team in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province(No.2022KJ269)。
文摘Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus is an ideal model organism for marine invertebrate aestivation;it annually enters a“sleeping state”for nearly 3 months when ambient water temperature range is 25–30℃.The natural fasting is accompanied by remodeling the intestinal biota and function,which is a part of host biology and could affect the gut microbiota.We investigatesd the impact of annual aestivation on gut microbiota using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons.Results reveal a notable alteration in the composition of gut bacteria during aestivation during which various indigenous families and genera that exhibit a preference for dietary glycans(e.g.,family Rhodobacteraceae and Flavobacteriaceae)decreased,while the taxa capable of utilizing substrates derived from the host(e.g.,genus Akkermansia and Prevotella)increased,and so did certain opportunistic pathogenic bacteria.Moreover,the investigation delved into the gut morphology and immunity response of A.japonicus and reveal that the intestine of A.japonicus undergoes substantial atrophy and degeneration during aestivation.However,there was an observed augmentation in the levels of acid and neutral mucin within mucous cells,as well as an enhanced immune defense response(as evidenced by increased gene expression of AjTLR3,LITAF,Ajp105,and LYZ).These results imply that the composition of sea cucumber gut microbiota differed between aestivation and active periods,which potentially affects the intestinal functions of the host and the symbiotic relationship between host and its microbiota over the activeaestivation cycle.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1304204)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772579).
文摘Background Sex hormones play important roles in the estrus return of post-weaning sows.Previous studies have demonstrated a complex and bi-directional regulation between sex hormones and gut microbiota.However,the extent to which the gut microbiota affects estrus return of post-weaning sows is largely unknown.Results In this study,we first screened 207 fecal samples from well-phenotyped sows by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and identified significant associations between microbes and estrus return of post-weaning sows.Using metagenomic sequencing data from 85 fecal samples,we identified 37 bacterial species that were significantly associated with estrus return.Normally returning sows were characterized by increased abundances of L.reuteri and P.copri and decreased abundances of B.fragilis,S.suis,and B.pseudolongum.The changes in gut microbial composition significantly altered the functional capacity of steroid hormone biosynthesis in the gut microbiome.The results were confirmed in a validation cohort.Significant changes in sex steroid hormones and related compounds were found between normal and non-return sows via metabolome analysis.An integrated analysis of differential bacterial species,metagenome,and fecal metabolome provided evidence that normal return-associated bacterial species L.reuteri and Prevotella spp.participated in the degradation of pregnenolone,progesterone,and testosterone,thereby promoting estrogen biosynthesis.Furthermore,the microbial metabolites related to sow energy and nutrient supply or metabolic disorders also showed relationships with sow estrus return.Conclusions An integrated analysis of differentially abundant bacterial species,metagenome,and fecal metabolome revealed the involvement of L.reuteri and Prevotella spp.in sow estrus return.These findings provide deep insight into the role of gut microbiota in the estrus return of post-weaning sows and the complex cross-talk between gut microbiota and sex hormones,suggesting that the manipulation of the gut microbiota could be an effective strategy to improve sow estrus return after weaning.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant numbers 32372935,32072781.
文摘Background Broilers have a robust metabolism and high body temperature,which make them less tolerant to hightemperature(HT)environments and more susceptible to challenges from elevated temperatures.Gut microbes,functioning as symbionts within the host,possess the capacity to significantly regulate the physiological functions and environmental adaptability of the host.This study aims to investigate the effects of gut microbial intervention on the body temperature and thermogenesis of broilers at different ambient temperatures,as well as the underlying mechanism involving the"gut-brain"axis.Methods Broilers were subjected to gut microbiota interference with or without antibiotics(control or ABX)starting at 1 day of age.At 21 day of age,they were divided into 4 groups and exposed to different environments for 7 d:The control and ABX groups at room temperature(RT,24±1℃,60%relative humidity(RH),24 h/d)and the control-HT and ABX-HT groups at high temperature(HT,32±1℃,60%RH,24 h/d).Results The results demonstrated that the antibiotic-induced gut microbiota intervention increased body weight and improved feed conversion in broiler chickens(P<0.05).Under HT conditions,the microbiota intervention reduced the rectal temperature of broiler chickens(P<0.05),inhibited the expression of avUCP and thermogenesisrelated genes in breast muscle and liver(P<0.05),and thus decreased thermogenesis capacity.Furthermore,the gut microbiota intervention blunted the hypothalamic‒pituitary‒adrenal axis and hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis activation induced by HT conditions.By analyzing the cecal microbiota composition of control and ABX chickens maintained under HT conditions,we found that Alistipes was enriched in control chickens.In contrast,antibioticinduced gut microbiota intervention resulted in a decrease in the relative abundance of Alistipes(P<0.05).Moreover,this difference was accompanied by increased hypothalamic 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)content and TPH2 expression(P<0.05).Conclusions These findings underscore the critical role of the gut microbiota in regulating broiler thermogenesis via the gut-brain axis and suggest that the hypothalamic 5-HT pathway may be a potential mechanism by which the gut microbiota affects thermoregulation in broilers.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32330101,32102575)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1300405)+3 种基金Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(CARS-40-K9)the Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong province(2019JZZY020602)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2020QC180)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M660163).
文摘Background This work aimed to investigate the potential benefits of administering Prevotella and its primary metabolite succinate on performance,hepatic lipid accumulation and gut microbiota in laying hens.Results One hundred and fifty 58-week-old Hyline Brown laying hens,with laying rate below 80%and plasma triglyceride(TG)exceeding 5 mmol/L,were used in this study.The hens were randomly allocated into 5 groups and subjected to one of the following treatments:fed with a basal diet(negative control,NC),oral gavage of 3 mL/hen saline every other day(positive control,PC),gavage of 3 mL/hen Prevotella melaninogenica(10^(7)CFU/mL,PM)or 3 mL/hen Prevotella copri(10^(7)CFU/mL,P.copri)every other day,and basal diet supplemented with 0.25%sodium succinate(Succinate).The results showed that PM and P.copri treatments significantly improved laying rate compared to the PC(P<0.05).The amount of lipid droplet was notably decreased by PM,P.copri,and Succinate treatments at week 4 and decreased by P.copri at week 8(P<0.05).Correspondingly,the plasma TG level in Succinate group was lower than that of PC(P<0.05).Hepatic TG content,however,was not significantly influenced at week 4 and 8(P>0.05).PM treatment increased(P<0.05)the mRNA levels of genes PGC-1βand APB-5B at week 4,and ACC and CPT-1 at week 8.The results indicated enhanced antioxidant activities at week 8,as evidenced by reduced hepatic malondialdehyde(MDA)level and improved antioxidant enzymes activities in PM and Succinate groups(P<0.05).Supplementing with Prevotella or succinate can alter the cecal microbiota.Specifically,the abundance of Prevotella in the Succinate group was significantly higher than that in the other 4 groups at the family and genus levels(P<0.05).Conclusions Oral intake of Prevotella and dietary supplementation of succinate can ameliorate lipid metabolism of laying hens.The beneficial effect of Prevotella is consistent across different species.The finding highlights that succinate,the primary metabolite of Prevotella,represents a more feasible feed additive for alleviating fatty liver in laying hens.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371596,32071549)Key Research and Development Project of Zhejiang Province(2021C02062)+2 种基金Key Scientific and Technological Grant of Zhejiang for Breeding New Agricultural Varieties(2021C02069-5-2)Key Project of Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau(2023S003)One Health Interdisciplinary Research Project of Ningbo University(HZ202404)。
文摘Litopenaeus vannamei is the most extensively cultured shrimp species globally,recognized for its scale,production,and economic value.However,its aquaculture is plagued by frequent disease outbreaks,resulting in rapid and massive mortality.etiological research often lags behind the emergence of new diseases,leaving the causal agents of some shrimp diseases unidentified and leading to nomenclature based on symptomatic presentations,especially in cases involving co-and polymicrobial pathogens.Comprehensive data on shrimp disease statuses remain limited.In this review,we summarize current knowledge on shrimp diseases and their effects on the gut microbiome.Furthermore,we also propose a workflow integrating primary colonizers,“driver”taxa in gut networks from healthy to diseased states,disease-discriminatory taxa,and virulence genes to identify potential polymicrobial pathogens.We examine both abiotic and biotic factors(e.g.,external and internal sources and specific-disease effects)that influence shrimp gut microbiota,with an emphasis on the“holobiome”concept and common features of gut microbiota response to diverse diseases.After excluding the effects of confounding factors,we provide a diagnosis model for quantitatively predicting shrimp disease incidence using disease common-discriminatory taxa,irrespective of the causal agents.Due to the conservation of functional genes used in designing specific primers,we propose a practical strategy applying qPCR-assayed abundances of disease common-discriminatory functional genes.This review updates the roles of the gut microbiota in exploring shrimp etiology,polymicrobial pathogens,and disease incidence,offering a refined perspective for advancing shrimp aquaculture health management.
基金financially supported by Key Project of State Key R&D Program,China (2022YFF1100200)the Program for Science&Technology Innovation Platform of Hunan Province (2019TP102)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2021JJ31075,2019JJ50984)Natural Science Foundation of Changsha City (kq2014275)Scientific Innovation Fund for Postgraduates of Central South University of Forestry and Technology (CX20200699,CX202102067)Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province (CX20201018,CX20210899,CX20220701 and CX20220720)。
文摘Dietary parboiled rice(PR)has a low risk of disease,but little is known about the contribution of PR to the prevention of hyperlipidemia.The potential role and underlying mechanisms of PR in hyperlipidemia were evaluated in this study.Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with a normal diet,high-fat diet(HFD)containing refined rice(HFDRR)or PR(HFDPR).It was found that PR intervention improved lipid accumulation in mice.Transcriptomic data analysis revealed that 27 genes were up-regulated(mostly involved in lipid breakdown)and 86 genes were down-regulated(mostly involved in inflammatory responses)in the HFDPR group compared to the HFDRR group.And 15 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were validated by quantitative real-time PCR(RT-qPCR),while protein interaction network showed that protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C(PTPRC)has a central role.The gut microbiota of mice was also altered after different dietary treatments,with higher ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes,increased abundances of Ruminococcaceae,Lachnospiraceae,Christensenellaceae,Porphyromonadaceae,Rikenellaceae and Prevotellaceae,and decreased abundances of Lactobacillaceae,Peptostreptococcaceae,Erysipelotrichaceae and Actinobacteria in the HFDRR group.In addition,it was observed that PPAR signaling pathway may act as a bridge between DEGs and differential gut microbiota.These results suggested that PR can prevent hyperlipidemia by modulating liver genes and gut microbiota.
基金financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (32002095 and 32172217)Major Project of Science and Technology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (AA20302018)+4 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province (2020WK2017)Hunan“Three Top”Innovative Talents Project (2022RC1142)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province for Outstanding Young Scholars (2022JJ20028)Training Program for Excellent Young Innovators of Changsha (kq2107015)Scientific Research Fund of the Hunan Provincial Education Department (20A241)。
文摘Golden-flower fungus,the only dominant microorganism determining the Fu-brick tea quality through fermentation and the important microbe in Liupao tea,is considered a potential probiotic fungus based on its anti-obesity effect.However,the classification of golden-flower fungi is still controversial;the anti-obesity effect of golden-flower fungus polysaccharides remains unknown.In this study,we identify a golden-flower strain as Aspergillus cristatus based on morphological characteristics and multigene phylogeny analysis,which resolves the controversy of classification.Moreover,we find A.cristatus polysaccharides(ACPS)attenuate obesity in rats.ACPS modulate gut bacterial composition.in which Akkermansia,Akkermansia muciniphila,Bacteroides,Romboutsia,Blautia,and Desulfovibrio are considered the core microbes regulated by ACPS.ACPS increase fecal total short-chain fatty acid content and serum,hepatic,and fecal total bile acid content.Furthermore,ACPS-induced gut microbiota alteration plays a causal role in the protection from obesity,according to a fecal transplantation experiment.Thus,ACPS ameliorate obesity by regulating gut microbiota and gut microbiota-related metabolites.
基金supported by the Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Innovation Foundation,No.22HHXBSS00047(to PL)Graduate Science and Technology Innovation Project of Tianjin,No.2022BKY173(to LZ)Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Bureau Foundation,No.20201194(to PL).
文摘With the rapidly aging human population,age-related cognitive decline and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide.Aging is considered the main risk factor for cognitive decline and acts through alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota,microbial metabolites,and the functions of astrocytes.The microbiota–gut–brain axis has been the focus of multiple studies and is closely associated with cognitive function.This article provides a comprehensive review of the specific changes that occur in the composition of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in older individuals and discusses how the aging of astrocytes and reactive astrocytosis are closely related to age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.This article also summarizes the gut microbiota components that affect astrocyte function,mainly through the vagus nerve,immune responses,circadian rhythms,and microbial metabolites.Finally,this article summarizes the mechanism by which the gut microbiota–astrocyte axis plays a role in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.Our findings have revealed the critical role of the microbiota–astrocyte axis in age-related cognitive decline,aiding in a deeper understanding of potential gut microbiome-based adjuvant therapy strategies for this condition.
基金supported by National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(CARS-23)Yueyang Yellow Tea Product Innovation Research Project(2018xny-js053).
文摘Obesity is associated with gut dysbiosis and metabolic endotoxin.Junshanyinzhen tea extract(JSTE)reduced fat accumulation and body weight in obese mice.However,the effects and mechanism of JSTE in preventing obesity were unclear.Therefore,we used different doses of JSTE(75,150 and 300 mg/(kg·day))to evaluate the effect on high-fat diet(HFD)-induced rats under 8 weeks of intervention.Here,our results showed that JSTE could significantly reduce body weight gain,blood lipid levels and fat accumulation,improve fatty damage in liver tissue(P<0.05).In addition,JSTE increased the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins(P<0.05),relieved metabolic endotoxemia(P<0.05)and chronic low-grade inflammation in HFD rats.Sequencing of fecal samples showed that JSTE could effectively reverse the microbial diversity and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes to normal levels in HFD-fed rats.Desulfovibrioceae and Erysipelotrichaceae,which are positively related to obesity,were decreased by JSTE intervention(P<0.05).while Bifidobacteriaceae,Bacteroidaceae,Akkermansia,and Clostridium,which are negatively related to obesity,were increased.Together,these results suggested that JSTE might effectively prevent obesity by modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis,intestinal barrier dysfunction,metabolic endotoxemia and chronic low-grade infl ammation in HFD-induced rats.
基金the Key Research and Development Program of Yunnan Province(No.202202AE090023)Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2022B0202040002+8 种基金2022B0202050001)the Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food,Ministry of Agriculturethe Heyuan Branch,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project(No.DT20220026)Talent Introduction Program of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(No.R2022YJ-YB3004)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Project of Guangdong Province(No.2022A15151102272023A1515012386)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou(No.2023A04J0828)the Guangdong Provincial Special Fund for Modern Agriculture Industry Technology Innovation Teams(No.202109TD)the Special Fund Project for Teachers’Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation in Shunde Innovation Park,National University Science Park,South China University of Technology(No.KJYS2021KZ05)for their financial support。
文摘Two oligosaccharide fractions(MLO 2-1 and 2-2)were purified from enzymatic hydrolysate of mulberry leaf polysaccharide.The results of simulated digestion showed that MLO 2-2 was a digestible oligosaccharide,which could be degraded by human digestive juice;while MLO 2-1 possessed the non-digestible property in the upper gastrointestinal tract and performed the function by regulating the gut microbiota.Hence,MLO 2-1 was selected for the further analysis.The structure of MLO 2-1 was elucidated as follow:α-T-Glcp-(1→3)-β-Glcp-(1→5)-α-Araf-(1→5)-α-Araf-1→5)-α-Araf-(1→3)-α-(2-OAc)-Glcp-1.The in vitro fecal fermentation results showed that MLO 2-1 could modulate the composition of gut microbiota.Meanwhile,MLO 2-1 was effectively metabolized by fecal bacteria to produce lactate and short chain fatty acids,especially acetate and butyrate.The specific metabolic pathways of MLO 2-1 by gut microbiota were further illuminated.Gut microbiota analysis revealed that MLO 2-1 selectively promoted the growth of Ligilactobacillus murinus,a commensal bacterium presented a reduced level in T2DM mice.Animal experiments indicated that MLO 2-1 and L.murinus exhibited hypoglycemic activities.These results demonstrated that MLO 2-1 might alleviate T2DM by selectively accelerating the proliferation of L.murinus.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82160843.
文摘BACKGROUND Hyperuricemia(HUA)is a public health concern that needs to be solved urgently.The lyophilized powder of Poecilobdella manillensis has been shown to significantly alleviate HUA;however,its underlying metabolic regulation remains unclear.AIM To explore the underlying mechanisms of Poecilobdella manillensis in HUA based on modulation of the gut microbiota and host metabolism.METHODS A mouse model of rapid HUA was established using a high-purine diet and potassium oxonate injections.The mice received oral drugs or saline.Additionally,16S rRNA sequencing and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics were performed to identify changes in the microbiome and host metabolome,respectively.The levels of uric acid transporters and epithelial tight junction proteins in the renal and intestinal tissues were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS The protein extract of Poecilobdella manillensis lyophilized powder(49 mg/kg)showed an enhanced anti-trioxypurine ability than that of allopurinol(5 mg/kg)(P<0.05).A total of nine bacterial genera were identified to be closely related to the anti-trioxypurine activity of Poecilobdella manillensis powder,which included the genera of Prevotella,Delftia,Dialister,Akkermansia,Lactococcus,Escherichia_Shigella,Enterococcus,and Bacteroides.Furthermore,22 metabolites in the serum were found to be closely related to the anti-trioxypurine activity of Poecilobdella manillensis powder,which correlated to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways of cysteine and methionine metabolism,sphingolipid metabolism,galactose metabolism,and phenylalanine,tyrosine,and tryptophan biosynthesis.Correlation analysis found that changes in the gut microbiota were significantly related to these metabolites.CONCLUSION The proteins in Poecilobdella manillensis powder were effective for HUA.Mechanistically,they are associated with improvements in gut microbiota dysbiosis and the regulation of sphingolipid and galactose metabolism.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81903275)the fund of Cultivation Project of Double First-Class Disciplines of Food Science and Engineering,Beijing Technology&Business University(BTBUYXTD202203)。
文摘Trimethyltin chloride(TMT)is a potent neurotoxin to cause neurodegeneration,especially in hippocampus.This study aimed to identify dietary components that can effectively attenuate TMT-induced neurodegeneration in humans.The predominant anthocyanin in human diets,cyanidin-3-O-glucoside(C3G,5 or 50 mg/kg),was given to mice for 16 days,and TMT(2.7 mg/kg)was injected intraperitoneally once on the eighth day.C3G(50 mg/kg)significantly alleviated TMT-induced seizures and subsequent cognitive impairment by ameliorating hippocampal neurodegeneration and synaptic dysfunction.Furthermore,C3G treatment restored glutamate homeostasis in brain and reversed glutamine synthetase(GS)inhibition in reactive astrogliosis and neuroinflammation,which are critical for C3G's neuroprotective effects.Notably,C3G decreased the lipopolysaccharide,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,and interleukin-1βlevels in the mice,which potentially by modulating the relative abundance of Atopobiaceae and Lachnospiraceae in the gut.C3G may be a promising and practical dietary component for reducing TMT-induced neurodegeneration.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972052,32021005,31820103010)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JUSRP22006,JUSRP51501)the Program of Collaborative Innovation Centre of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province。
文摘Lipid metabolism disorders commonly occur during menopause.Estrogen deficiency has been shown to lead to excessive energy intake and abnormal lipid metabolism in ovariectomized rats,resulting in obesity.Probiotics exhibit anti-obesity properties,and their underlying mechanism has been widely reported.In this study,we demonstrated the metabolic benefits of Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM1180 in suppressing appetite,controlling body weight,correcting obesity-induced abnormalities,enhancing liver lipid metabolism,and protecting liver function in estrogen-deficient rats.The mechanisms associated with the anti-obesity and anti-dyslipidemia effects of CCFM1180 on estrogen-deficient rats were clarified.The results showed that CCFM1180 dramatically reduced food intake by activating the expression of estrogen receptor alpha(ERα)and increasing the level of leptin in abdominal adipose tissue.These changes,combined with the increased butyrate concentration and recovered bile acid structure,helped enhance lipid metabolism.Additionally,CCFM1180 treatment was found to be safer than exogenous estrogen supplementation.Thus,L.plantarum CCFM1180 could be considered a new therapeutic strategy for preventing and alleviating menopausal lipid abnormalities.