Parkinson's disease(PD) is characterized by alphasynucleinopathy that affects all levels of the braingut axis including the central, autonomic, and enteric nervous systems. Recently, it has been recognized that th...Parkinson's disease(PD) is characterized by alphasynucleinopathy that affects all levels of the braingut axis including the central, autonomic, and enteric nervous systems. Recently, it has been recognized that the brain-gut axis interactions are significantly modulated by the gut microbiota via immunological,neuroendocrine, and direct neural mechanisms. Dysregulation of the brain-gut-microbiota axis in PD may be associated with gastrointestinal manifestations frequently preceding motor symptoms, as well as with the pathogenesis of PD itself, supporting the hypothesis that the pathological process is spread from the gut to the brain. Excessive stimulation of the innate immune system resulting from gut dysbiosis and/or small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and increased intestinal permeability may induce systemic inflammation, while activation of enteric neurons and enteric glial cells may contribute to the initiation of alpha-synuclein misfolding.Additionally, the adaptive immune system may be disturbed by bacterial proteins cross-reacting with human antigens. A better understanding of the brain-gutmicrobiota axis interactions should bring a new insight in the pathophysiology of PD and permit an earlier diagnosis with a focus on peripheral biomarkers within the enteric nervous system. Novel therapeutic options aimed at modifying the gut microbiota composition and enhancing the intestinal epithelial barrier integrity in PD patients could influence the initial step of the following cascade of neurodegeneration in PD.展开更多
目的了解极早产儿生后1个月肠道菌群的动态变化及分布特征,为益生菌早期干预提供理论依据。方法采取前瞻性研究方法,选取2022年9月至2023年3月本院收治的极早产儿为研究对象,收集生后第7、14、21、28天的粪便标本行16 S rRNA高通量测序...目的了解极早产儿生后1个月肠道菌群的动态变化及分布特征,为益生菌早期干预提供理论依据。方法采取前瞻性研究方法,选取2022年9月至2023年3月本院收治的极早产儿为研究对象,收集生后第7、14、21、28天的粪便标本行16 S rRNA高通量测序及生物信息分析。结果共纳入极早产儿35例,男22例,女13例,出生胎龄210±11天,出生体重1419±339 g,收集粪便样本140份。在门水平上检测到的优势菌群包括厚壁菌门、变形菌门,占80%以上;属水平上检测到的优势菌群主要以条件致病菌为主,包括埃希菌属、梭菌属、葡萄球菌属、不动杆菌属和克雷伯杆菌属,而双歧杆菌属相对丰度均<5%。关键菌群差异分析发现,门及属水平的差异菌群主要为拟杆菌门(P=0.029)、蓝藻菌门(P=0.011)及葡萄球菌属(P=0.010)、罗氏菌属(P=0.040)。肠道菌群的多样性分析发现,四个时间点Alpla多样性指数Ace值及Shannon值比较差异无统计学差异(P>0.05),而Chao值呈逐渐下降趋势(P=0.001);四个时间点的Beta多样性分析Weighted-unifrac值分别为0.412(0.281~0.493)、0.498(0.214~0.526)、0.428(0.289~0.490)、0.143(0.077~0.423),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论极早产儿生后7~28天肠道优势菌群从厚壁菌门逐渐转变为变形菌门,并以条件致病菌为主,而双歧杆菌属定植数量少,肠道菌群多样性呈下降趋势。展开更多
文摘Parkinson's disease(PD) is characterized by alphasynucleinopathy that affects all levels of the braingut axis including the central, autonomic, and enteric nervous systems. Recently, it has been recognized that the brain-gut axis interactions are significantly modulated by the gut microbiota via immunological,neuroendocrine, and direct neural mechanisms. Dysregulation of the brain-gut-microbiota axis in PD may be associated with gastrointestinal manifestations frequently preceding motor symptoms, as well as with the pathogenesis of PD itself, supporting the hypothesis that the pathological process is spread from the gut to the brain. Excessive stimulation of the innate immune system resulting from gut dysbiosis and/or small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and increased intestinal permeability may induce systemic inflammation, while activation of enteric neurons and enteric glial cells may contribute to the initiation of alpha-synuclein misfolding.Additionally, the adaptive immune system may be disturbed by bacterial proteins cross-reacting with human antigens. A better understanding of the brain-gutmicrobiota axis interactions should bring a new insight in the pathophysiology of PD and permit an earlier diagnosis with a focus on peripheral biomarkers within the enteric nervous system. Novel therapeutic options aimed at modifying the gut microbiota composition and enhancing the intestinal epithelial barrier integrity in PD patients could influence the initial step of the following cascade of neurodegeneration in PD.
文摘目的了解极早产儿生后1个月肠道菌群的动态变化及分布特征,为益生菌早期干预提供理论依据。方法采取前瞻性研究方法,选取2022年9月至2023年3月本院收治的极早产儿为研究对象,收集生后第7、14、21、28天的粪便标本行16 S rRNA高通量测序及生物信息分析。结果共纳入极早产儿35例,男22例,女13例,出生胎龄210±11天,出生体重1419±339 g,收集粪便样本140份。在门水平上检测到的优势菌群包括厚壁菌门、变形菌门,占80%以上;属水平上检测到的优势菌群主要以条件致病菌为主,包括埃希菌属、梭菌属、葡萄球菌属、不动杆菌属和克雷伯杆菌属,而双歧杆菌属相对丰度均<5%。关键菌群差异分析发现,门及属水平的差异菌群主要为拟杆菌门(P=0.029)、蓝藻菌门(P=0.011)及葡萄球菌属(P=0.010)、罗氏菌属(P=0.040)。肠道菌群的多样性分析发现,四个时间点Alpla多样性指数Ace值及Shannon值比较差异无统计学差异(P>0.05),而Chao值呈逐渐下降趋势(P=0.001);四个时间点的Beta多样性分析Weighted-unifrac值分别为0.412(0.281~0.493)、0.498(0.214~0.526)、0.428(0.289~0.490)、0.143(0.077~0.423),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论极早产儿生后7~28天肠道优势菌群从厚壁菌门逐渐转变为变形菌门,并以条件致病菌为主,而双歧杆菌属定植数量少,肠道菌群多样性呈下降趋势。
