Effect of the Retarder on Initial Hydration and Mechanical Properties of the"one-step"Alkaliactivated Composite Cementitious Materials

This paper studied the effects of different retarders on the performance of the"one-step"alkali-activated composite cementitious material(ACCM)which is composed of ground granulated blast slag(GGBS)and fly ash(FA),and analyzed its mechanical properties,hydration mechanism,and retardation mechanism.The effects of retarders on the hydration products,mechanical properties,and hydration kinetics of ACCM were investigated using XRD,SEM,FTIR,EDS,and thermoactive microcalorimetry.The results showed that Na_(2)B_(4)O_(7)·10H_(2)O(B)delayed the exotherm during the alkali activation process and could effectively delay the setting time of ACCM,but the mechanical properties were slightly decreased.The setting time of ACCM increased with the increase in SG content,but the mechanical properties of ACCM decreased with the increase in SG content.C1_(2)H_(22)O_(11)(CHO)could effectively delay the hydration reaction of ACCM and weakly enhanced the compressive strength.H_(3)PO_(4)(HP)at a concentration of 0.05 mol/L had a certain effect on ACCM retardation,but HP at a concentration of 0.07 and 0.09 mol/L had an effect of promoting the setting and hardening time of ACCM.

Analysis of Hydration Mechanism and Microstructure of Composite Cementitious Materials for Filling Mining

To obtain the compositions and microstructure of hydration products of cementitious material in different hydration ages and its growth law of filling strength, the optimal proportion of composite cementitious material was determined according to the chemical composition of cement clinker which was composed of the Portland cement 32.5R, CSA 42.5 sulphoaluminate cement and two gypsum（CS）. The characterization of composite cementitious materials in different hydration ages was conducted by NMR, XRD and SEM techniques. The mechanism of hydration was explored. It is shown that the compressive strength of the test block increases gradually with the increase of hydration age. The microstructure of composite cementitious material can be changed from Al-O octahedron into Al-O tetrahedron in the hydration process. The hydrated alkali alumi niumsilicate formed with Si-O tetrahedron and Al-O tetrahedron. The degree of polymerization of Si-O tetrahedron gradually increased, and the structural strength of cementitious materials continued to increase. The diffraction peak of clinker minerals gradually decreased with the extension of hydration age. The CaSO4 completely hydrated to produce Aft during hydration which resulted in high early strength of cementitious material. The early hydration product of composite cementitious materials was Aft with a needle bar structure. The main middle and last hydration products were CSH gel and CH gel with dense prismatic shape. The microscopic pore of composite cementitious material gradually decreased and improved the later strength of filling block. The strong support was provided for mined-out area.

Quantitative Determination of Composition of Quaternary Cementitious Materials

Based on the principle of ENV 196-4 ＂Methods of testing cement - Part 4 Quantitative determination of constituents or Chinese Standard GB/12960-2007 Quantitative measurement of mineral admixtures in cement, methods were developed for quantitative determination of fly ash, slag and limestone powder in fresh cement pastes, mortars and concretes. Limestone powder was determined using thermal analysis method. The residue content of fly ash on an 80um sieve, and silt contents of aggregate were also considered during the quantitative determination of mineral composition of quaternary cementitious system. With the developed methods, the deviations between the measured and the actual mineral contents of the constituent in the eemantitious material in fresh cement paste, mortar and concrete, were within 3%.

Development of engineered cementitious composites with local ingredients

In order to reduce the cost of high performance polyvinyl alcohol（PVA） fiber reinforced cementitious material（called engineered cementitious composites,ECC）,a ductile ECC material is developed using domestic PVA fibers along with other local ingredients,such as fly ash,cement and sand.In addition to the economic analysis of ECC,the four-point bending test and the optical microscope are employed to investigate the deflection capacity of ECC,its crack width and the occurrence of the self-healing phenomenon.The experimental results suggest that ECC made with domestic ingredients exhibits larger deformability and the average crack width is controlled around 60 μm.Furthermore,the self-healing behavior is observed in cracks of the specimens after cycles of wet and dry curing.The economic analysis shows that the cost of ECC can be greatly reduced via employing domestic PVA fibers.It is,therefore,feasible to produce low cost ECC material employing domestic PVA fibers,while simultaneously retaining high material ductility.

Experimental Study on Improved Engineered Cementitious Composite Using Local Material

Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) is a cement based material with ultra-high ductility and strength in tension. This material is a kind of highperformance fiber-reinforced cementitious composite materials (HPFRCCs) reinforced with short fibers and characterized by tight multiple cracking. These characteristics of ECC make it applicable to increase the capacity and the ductility of structural elements so that structural design is economic and sustainable. This paper presents an extended evaluation of Improved Engineered Cementitious Composites (IECC) for the use in the strengthening of masonry in filled reinforced concrete frames. IECC is a mixture of cement, fly ash, water, sand, quartz powder and poly-vinyl alcohol fibers with a better quality of tensile strain rather than common ECC. Two types of fine sand and quartz powder used in this study as filler to improve ECC behavior. Also, to show the effect of fly ash on IECC properties, five different mixtures were considered with various fly ash ratios. Different mixtures of IECC using fine aggregates produced in Iran were selected to find out how the aggregates and fly ash would affect IECC performance. The results show that the optimized mixture has the best characteristics including tensile strength and strain. Also, three-dimensional diagrams were used to compare the properties of different mixtures of IECC more effectively and to represent the influence of the range of fly ash ratios so that it can be opted based on design objectives such as ECC properties, costs and structural parameters and demands. These diagrams show the behavior of IECC which its fly ash content ratio in the binder is 50% to 67%.

Characteristics of Self-Healing Microcapsules for Cementitious Composites

Urea formaldehyde/epoxy resin microcapsules were prepared by an in situ polymerization method and the effect of emulsifier on the syntheses process of the microcapsules was discussed. The surface morphology of the microcapsules was observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. Chemical structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）. Thermal stability was obtained using simultaneous thermal analysis（STA）. The microcapsules were composed of urea-formaldehyde resin shell and epoxy resin core. Emulsifier played an important role in the polymerization process when the core material was packed by pre-polymer, so the effects of different emulsifiers（OP-10, SDS and SDBS） were discussed respectively. Results showed that the particle size of the microcapsules was uniform when SDBS as an emulsifier. Microcapsules showed good thermal stability below 240 ℃ and the initial decomposition temperature of the microcapsules was 265 ℃. The core materials released after microcapsules rupturing, which could be proven by the images of SEM. When implanted in cementitious composites, complete shape of microcapsules and good interface between microcapsules and cement specimen substrate could also be observed.

Piezoresistivity of Carbon Fiber Graphite Cement-based Composites with CCCW

The electrical conductivity and piezoresistivity of carbon fiber graphite cement-matrix composites（CFGCC） with carbon fiber content（1% by the weight of cement）,graphite powder contents （0%-50% by the weight of cement） and CCCW（cementitious capillary crystalline waterproofing materials,4% by the weight of cement） were studied.The experimental results showed that the relationship between the resistivity of CFGCC and the concentration of graphite powders had typical features of percolation phenomena.The percolation threshold was about 20%.A clear piezoresistive effect was observed in CFGCC with 1wt% of carbon fibers,20wt% or 30wt% of graphite powders under uniaxial compressive tests,indicating that this type of smart composites was a promising candidate for strain sensing.The measured gage factor （defined as the fractional change in resistance per unit strain） of CFGCC with graphite content of 20wt% and 30wt% were 37 and 22,respectively.With the addition of CCCW,the mechanical properties of CFGCC were improved,which benefited CFGCC piezoresistivity of stability.

Flexural behavior of composite beams after the ultimate limit state externally strengthened with CFRP sheets bonded with high-temperature resistant matrix

In this paper the alkali-activated slag cementitious materials(AASCM)which strength at 600 ℃ is larger than that of AASCM at room temperature,were prepared to paste CFRP sheets to strengthen four simply supported unbonded prestressed composite beams encased circular steel tube truss after ultimate limit state.Test on flexural behavior of these four beams was performed.Moreover,normal section load-bearing capacity of these beams and the curve load-deflection at mid-span were obtained.Experimental results show that it is feasible to strengthen concrete members with CFRP sheets bonded with AASCM.Based on the experimental results and theoretical study,computational method of stiffness is proposed for calculating bending rigidity and normal section load-bearing capacity of concrete simply supported beams strengthened with CFRP sheets bonded with AASCM.Formula of bending rigidity calculation was founded which results are in good agreement with testing data.

外加剂对碱激发胶凝材料干燥收缩性能的影响

为了进一步改善碱激发胶凝材料的收缩特性,探索了单掺有机减缩剂(聚乙二醇和乳胶)、无机膨胀剂(CaO、MgO和石膏)对矿渣粉煤灰复合碱激发(AASF)体系水化产物组成、孔隙结构和收缩特性的影响。结果表明,在所有的外加剂中,聚乙二醇减缩效果最显著,外掺1%(质量分数)聚乙二醇的AASF试样的91 d干燥收缩仅为1 683με,相较于对照组最大降低29.7%,这主要归因于孔隙结构的显著粗化。聚乙二醇和乳胶对AASF的抗压强度有一定的负面影响,主要源于水化反应程度的降低和整体孔隙率的增加。三种无机膨胀剂在AASF体系中发挥出的收缩补偿效果不强,但对抗折强度有显著的增益效果。

不同掺量铁尾矿对3D打印混凝土胶凝材料性能的影响

这是一篇陶瓷及复合材料领域的论文。本文研究了掺铁尾矿3D打印胶凝材料的力学性能、流变性和微观结构性能,结果表明:尾矿的粒径较小,可以作为3D打印材料的骨料,在3D打印过程中可以顺利通过输送胶凝材料的管道。随着铁尾矿掺量的不断增大,3D打印胶凝材料的剪切黏度的变化规律呈现出先减小后稳定的趋势,剪切应力的变化规律却呈现出不断增大的趋势,随着层间间隔时间不断增大,3D打印胶凝材料的抗压强度和抗折强度均呈现下降的变化趋势,但是在层间间隔时间在20~30 min之间时,抗压强度和抗折强度下降幅度较为平缓;随着层间间隔时间不断增大,3D打印胶凝材料的层间粘结强度均呈现下降的变化趋势。铁尾矿掺量为30%的3D打印胶凝材料在水化90 d后,经过XRD衍射实验得到胶凝材料的物质成分主要有石英、钙矾石、方解石、钠长石、钙钛矿、Ca_(2)SiO_(4)和水化硅酸钙等七种物质。

基于响应面法设计与制备磷石膏矿渣基复合胶凝材料

为了促进磷石膏等固废材料的资源化利用,优化设计和制备了力学强度满足P·O 42.5级水泥规范要求的胶凝材料,基于响应面法对磷石膏-矿渣-石灰-锂渣-钢渣五元体系进行试验设计,分别以3 d、7 d和28 d抗压强度为响应值,探究磷石膏矿渣基复合胶凝材料力学性能的变化规律,建立了磷石膏矿渣基复合胶凝材料力学性能预测模型。结果表明最优配合比为磷石膏33.86%,矿渣39.13%,石灰2.28%,锂渣20.1%,钢渣4.65%,胶凝材料的3 d、7 d和28 d抗压强度分别达到18.8 MPa、32.3 MPa、50.3 MPa,满足P·O 42.5级水泥规范要求,并且实测值与预测值的相对误差绝对值均小于5%,说明基于响应面法优化设计磷石膏矿渣基复合胶凝材料具有可行性。

低碳复合胶凝材料对水泥和混凝土性能的影响

将粉煤灰和矿粉按不同质量比(m_(粉煤灰)∶m_(矿粉)=7∶3、6∶4、5∶5)制备成了低碳复合辅助性胶凝材料,研究了其等质量替代15%、30%的水泥对胶凝材料需水量比、流动度比和活性指数的影响,优选出了最佳m_(粉煤灰)∶m_(矿粉)。在此基础上,研究了低碳复合辅助性胶凝材料等质量替代0、10%、15%、20%、30%的水泥对胶凝材料标准稠度用水量和凝结时间的影响,以及等质量替代0、10%、20%、30%、40%的水泥对C50混凝土工作性和力学性能的影响。结果表明:在水泥中掺入适量低碳复合辅助性胶凝材料有效改善了胶凝材料体系的工作性,延缓了早期(3 d)水化速度,提高了胶砂7 d、28 d抗压强度,最佳m_(粉煤灰)∶m_(矿粉)为5∶5;随着低碳复合辅助性胶凝材料掺量的增加,胶凝材料的标准稠度用水量变化很小,凝结时间延长;C50混凝土的坍落度随着低碳复合辅助性胶凝材料掺量的增加而增大,7 d和28 d抗压强度先增大后减小,最佳掺量为30%。

组合膨胀剂对风电灌浆料早期膨胀性能的影响

基于改进的竖向膨胀率(εv)测试方法,获得了高强风电灌浆料0~24 h、1~7 d的εv发展全曲线;并研究了掺合料比例及组合膨胀剂比例对灌浆料εv、流动度、力学强度的影响.结果表明:灌浆料0~24 h竖向膨胀率曲线呈“四阶段”特征;在0%~20%掺量范围内提高硅灰掺量,灌浆料流动度下降,0~24 h内εv曲线峰值先增大后减小;塑性膨胀剂(PEA)对24 h内εv发展起主导作用,复掺氧化钙-硫铝酸钙双源膨胀剂(HP-CSA)后,εv峰值减小,24 hεv下降、3 hεv增大,有利于控制24 h与3 h的εv差值;在1~7 d内,0.03%掺量的PEA即可促进HP-CSA膨胀效能的发挥,6%以上掺量的HP-CSA可较好补偿竖向自收缩变形而获得净膨胀灌浆料;PEA与HP-CSA组合,可发挥时间上接力、效果上协同的膨胀调控作用,可分阶段、按需设计,从而实现对灌浆料7 d内竖向膨胀率的精细调控;随组合膨胀剂掺量增加,灌浆料初始和30 min流动度无明显变化,28 d抗压强度先增大后减小;在本文研究范围内,0.06%PEA+6%HP-CSA是最优掺量组合.

典型硫酸盐固废复合胶凝材料制备与微观特性研究

硫酸盐类工业固废造成的环境污染和资源浪费问题引起了国内外学者的广泛关注,当前中国两种典型的硫酸盐类固废(电解锰渣和磷石膏)堆存量巨大,造成严重的环境污染,其无害化与资源化利用刻不容缓。依据电解锰渣、磷石膏两种固体废弃物的特性,利用电解锰渣和磷石膏结合矿渣制备复合胶凝材料,探究了磷石膏和水泥不同掺量对复合胶凝材料硬化体力学性能的影响。通过XRD、SEM和EDS分析了硬化体的物相组成和微观形貌变化特征,同时对硬化体进行毒性浸出测试。结果表明:硬化体各龄期强度随着水泥掺量增加而增大,硬化体各龄期强度随着磷石膏掺量增加而减小。复合胶凝材料较优配合比(质量分数)为电解锰渣为50%、磷石膏为20%、矿渣为30%,水泥外掺12%的硬化体28 d抗压强度为27.1 MPa,硫酸盐固废复合胶凝材料的水化产物主要为水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)凝胶和钙矾石(AFt)。养护至28 d的硬化体浸出液中可溶性Mn^(2+)、NH_(4)^(+)-N、PO_(4)^(3-)和重金属离子浓度稳定后满足GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》的排放要求。

改性电解锰渣-矿粉复合胶材料的制备及水化机理

电解锰渣(EMR)是金属锰湿法冶炼过程中产生的一种固体废物,其堆积量大,对环境造成了严重的污染。但电解锰渣中富含硫酸盐,依据其特性,可与矿粉(GGBFS)复合制备胶凝材料。以矿粉为主要原料,电解锰渣为矿粉的硫酸盐激发剂,熟石灰为碱激发剂,制备电解锰渣-矿粉复合胶凝材料。探究电解锰渣、矿粉和熟石灰的最佳配比,并在此基础上对电解锰渣在不同温度下煅烧改性,通过力学测试确定最佳煅烧温度。利用XRD、FT-IR、TG-DTG和SEM等表征方式分析胶凝材料的水化产物及水化机理,同时对硬化体进行毒性测试。结果表明:电解锰渣对矿粉有良好的激发作用,复合胶凝材料中电解锰渣、矿粉、熟石灰最佳质量配比为2∶7∶1,其28 d的抗压强度达到27.2 MPa,电解锰渣经350℃煅烧所制备的复合胶凝材料抗压强度达到30.5 MPa。复合胶凝材料的水化产物主要为钙矾石(AFt)和水化硅酸钙(C-S-H);28 d硬化体浸出液中的重金属浓度均在《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2022)标准限值内,复合胶凝材料具有良好的安全性。

水泥基灌浆材料制备和基本性能研究评述

基于国内外研究现状,介绍了水泥基灌浆材料的基本原材料组成,并综述了其流动性能、凝结特性、膨胀性能、力学性能以及长期性能和耐久性能的研究成果,总结了研究中发现的基本规律并分析了其中存在的局限性,同时结合工程需求和建材行业发展趋势,对其未来的研究方向进行了展望并给出若干建议。

聚合物纤维与水泥基材料界面性能研究进展

聚合物纤维与水泥基材料界面粘结性能是影响纤维增强水泥基复合材料延性的关键因素。传统混凝土具有脆性较大韧性较差等缺点,为满足高强高韧性工程需要,国内外学者将聚合物纤维加入水泥基材料中从而制备出具有良好性能的纤维增强水泥基复合材料。为了分析国内外近年来在相关领域的研究成果,总结聚合物纤维与水泥基材料界面性能参数及脱粘机理,纤维物理性质(埋深,直径,种类,改性)、水泥基材料组分、加载速率、温度和服役环境对聚合物纤维与水泥基材料界面粘结性能的影响规律,以及纤维与水泥基材料界面过渡区特点。结果表明:聚合物纤维具有稳定的化学性质,纤维发挥桥接作用主要依靠纤维与水泥基材料界面粘结性能。通过对聚合物纤维进行物理和化学处理,调整纤维长径比、埋深,改变水泥基材料水灰比、砂灰比及砂子类型等水泥基体组分可有效改善纤维与水泥基材料界面粘结性能。同时温度、服役条件和加载速率对其界面粘结性能也影响明显。

基于响应面法的石灰石煅烧黏土复合胶凝材料体系优化设计和试验研究

为探索石灰石煅烧黏土复合胶凝材料体系中石灰石粉和煅烧黏土的最优配合比,本文采用响应面法进行优化试验研究,以普通硅酸盐水泥、煅烧黏土和石灰石粉掺量作为控制变量,砂浆的28 d抗压强度及28 d抗折强度为响应变量进行力学性能测试,建立矿物掺合料复配比例与力学性能之间的回归模型。在矿物掺合料为15%、30%、45%(质量分数,下同)的条件下,采用回归模型对石灰石煅烧黏土复合胶凝材料体系中石灰石粉与煅烧黏土的配合比进行优化,优化结果分别为:煅烧黏土占比15%,不含石灰石粉;煅烧黏土占比25%,石灰石粉占比5%;煅烧黏土占比30.5%,石灰石粉占比14.5%。上述体系的28 d抗压强度预测值分别为63.26、58.57、48.10 MPa,试验实测值分别为63.74、57.21、47.02 MPa,预测值与实测值之间的相对误差均小于5%。本研究为石灰石煅烧黏土复合胶凝材料体系最优配合比问题提供了新的解决思路和试验参考。

外加组分对碱激发矿渣/粉煤灰胶凝体系强度影响研究

采用碳酸钠、硫酸钠、硅酸钠、氯化钙、甲酸钙来提升Ca(OH)_(2)-Mg(OH)_(2)复合碱激发矿渣/粉煤灰体系(CMSF)的力学强度,通过X射线衍射、热重分析以及扫描电镜分析了材料的微观产物及结构。结果表明,与空白对照组相比,当碳酸钠掺量为8%时,CMSF各龄期抗压强度提高了80%左右;当硫酸钠掺量为4%时,CMSF的3、7 d抗压强度分别提高了79%和90%;当硅酸钠掺量为10%时,CMSF的3、7、28 d抗压强度分别提高了195%、329%、215%;当氯化钙掺量为10%时,CMSF的3、7、28 d抗压强度分别提高了375%、402%、248%;当甲酸钙掺量为2%时,CMSF的3、7、28 d抗压强度分别提高了312%、354%、233%。外加组分会促进C-(A)-S-H凝胶的形成,使微观结构更加致密。

工程水泥基复合材料:自愈合能力的综述与探索

工程水泥基复合材料(ECC)具有超高的拉伸性能和裂缝控制性能,不仅赋予其显著的延性特征,还使该材料具备自愈合的潜力,广泛应用于沿海建筑、地下隧道、矿山排水等腐蚀环境中。自愈合是指通过在裂缝中形成黏结性水化产物,并助力于恢复材料力学性能和耐久性能的一种自发行为。结合国内外研究进展,详细分析了ECC中可能的自愈合机理,探讨了预裂缝龄期、愈合环境和辅助胶凝材料等对自愈合效果的影响,介绍了当前水泥基材料自愈合评价方法,并展望其在未来基础设施建设中的应用潜力。