Analysis of Hydration Mechanism and Microstructure of Composite Cementitious Materials for Filling Mining

To obtain the compositions and microstructure of hydration products of cementitious material in different hydration ages and its growth law of filling strength, the optimal proportion of composite cementitious material was determined according to the chemical composition of cement clinker which was composed of the Portland cement 32.5R, CSA 42.5 sulphoaluminate cement and two gypsum（CS）. The characterization of composite cementitious materials in different hydration ages was conducted by NMR, XRD and SEM techniques. The mechanism of hydration was explored. It is shown that the compressive strength of the test block increases gradually with the increase of hydration age. The microstructure of composite cementitious material can be changed from Al-O octahedron into Al-O tetrahedron in the hydration process. The hydrated alkali alumi niumsilicate formed with Si-O tetrahedron and Al-O tetrahedron. The degree of polymerization of Si-O tetrahedron gradually increased, and the structural strength of cementitious materials continued to increase. The diffraction peak of clinker minerals gradually decreased with the extension of hydration age. The CaSO4 completely hydrated to produce Aft during hydration which resulted in high early strength of cementitious material. The early hydration product of composite cementitious materials was Aft with a needle bar structure. The main middle and last hydration products were CSH gel and CH gel with dense prismatic shape. The microscopic pore of composite cementitious material gradually decreased and improved the later strength of filling block. The strong support was provided for mined-out area.

Quantitative Determination of Composition of Quaternary Cementitious Materials

Based on the principle of ENV 196-4 ＂Methods of testing cement - Part 4 Quantitative determination of constituents or Chinese Standard GB/12960-2007 Quantitative measurement of mineral admixtures in cement, methods were developed for quantitative determination of fly ash, slag and limestone powder in fresh cement pastes, mortars and concretes. Limestone powder was determined using thermal analysis method. The residue content of fly ash on an 80um sieve, and silt contents of aggregate were also considered during the quantitative determination of mineral composition of quaternary cementitious system. With the developed methods, the deviations between the measured and the actual mineral contents of the constituent in the eemantitious material in fresh cement paste, mortar and concrete, were within 3%.

Experimental Study on Improved Engineered Cementitious Composite Using Local Material

Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) is a cement based material with ultra-high ductility and strength in tension. This material is a kind of highperformance fiber-reinforced cementitious composite materials (HPFRCCs) reinforced with short fibers and characterized by tight multiple cracking. These characteristics of ECC make it applicable to increase the capacity and the ductility of structural elements so that structural design is economic and sustainable. This paper presents an extended evaluation of Improved Engineered Cementitious Composites (IECC) for the use in the strengthening of masonry in filled reinforced concrete frames. IECC is a mixture of cement, fly ash, water, sand, quartz powder and poly-vinyl alcohol fibers with a better quality of tensile strain rather than common ECC. Two types of fine sand and quartz powder used in this study as filler to improve ECC behavior. Also, to show the effect of fly ash on IECC properties, five different mixtures were considered with various fly ash ratios. Different mixtures of IECC using fine aggregates produced in Iran were selected to find out how the aggregates and fly ash would affect IECC performance. The results show that the optimized mixture has the best characteristics including tensile strength and strain. Also, three-dimensional diagrams were used to compare the properties of different mixtures of IECC more effectively and to represent the influence of the range of fly ash ratios so that it can be opted based on design objectives such as ECC properties, costs and structural parameters and demands. These diagrams show the behavior of IECC which its fly ash content ratio in the binder is 50% to 67%.

Characteristics of Self-Healing Microcapsules for Cementitious Composites

Urea formaldehyde/epoxy resin microcapsules were prepared by an in situ polymerization method and the effect of emulsifier on the syntheses process of the microcapsules was discussed. The surface morphology of the microcapsules was observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. Chemical structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）. Thermal stability was obtained using simultaneous thermal analysis（STA）. The microcapsules were composed of urea-formaldehyde resin shell and epoxy resin core. Emulsifier played an important role in the polymerization process when the core material was packed by pre-polymer, so the effects of different emulsifiers（OP-10, SDS and SDBS） were discussed respectively. Results showed that the particle size of the microcapsules was uniform when SDBS as an emulsifier. Microcapsules showed good thermal stability below 240 ℃ and the initial decomposition temperature of the microcapsules was 265 ℃. The core materials released after microcapsules rupturing, which could be proven by the images of SEM. When implanted in cementitious composites, complete shape of microcapsules and good interface between microcapsules and cement specimen substrate could also be observed.

Effect of the Retarder on Initial Hydration and Mechanical Properties of the"one-step"Alkaliactivated Composite Cementitious Materials

This paper studied the effects of different retarders on the performance of the"one-step"alkali-activated composite cementitious material(ACCM)which is composed of ground granulated blast slag(GGBS)and fly ash(FA),and analyzed its mechanical properties,hydration mechanism,and retardation mechanism.The effects of retarders on the hydration products,mechanical properties,and hydration kinetics of ACCM were investigated using XRD,SEM,FTIR,EDS,and thermoactive microcalorimetry.The results showed that Na_(2)B_(4)O_(7)·10H_(2)O(B)delayed the exotherm during the alkali activation process and could effectively delay the setting time of ACCM,but the mechanical properties were slightly decreased.The setting time of ACCM increased with the increase in SG content,but the mechanical properties of ACCM decreased with the increase in SG content.C1_(2)H_(22)O_(11)(CHO)could effectively delay the hydration reaction of ACCM and weakly enhanced the compressive strength.H_(3)PO_(4)(HP)at a concentration of 0.05 mol/L had a certain effect on ACCM retardation,but HP at a concentration of 0.07 and 0.09 mol/L had an effect of promoting the setting and hardening time of ACCM.

Piezoresistivity of Carbon Fiber Graphite Cement-based Composites with CCCW

The electrical conductivity and piezoresistivity of carbon fiber graphite cement-matrix composites（CFGCC） with carbon fiber content（1% by the weight of cement）,graphite powder contents （0%-50% by the weight of cement） and CCCW（cementitious capillary crystalline waterproofing materials,4% by the weight of cement） were studied.The experimental results showed that the relationship between the resistivity of CFGCC and the concentration of graphite powders had typical features of percolation phenomena.The percolation threshold was about 20%.A clear piezoresistive effect was observed in CFGCC with 1wt% of carbon fibers,20wt% or 30wt% of graphite powders under uniaxial compressive tests,indicating that this type of smart composites was a promising candidate for strain sensing.The measured gage factor （defined as the fractional change in resistance per unit strain） of CFGCC with graphite content of 20wt% and 30wt% were 37 and 22,respectively.With the addition of CCCW,the mechanical properties of CFGCC were improved,which benefited CFGCC piezoresistivity of stability.

Flexural behavior of composite beams after the ultimate limit state externally strengthened with CFRP sheets bonded with high-temperature resistant matrix

In this paper the alkali-activated slag cementitious materials(AASCM)which strength at 600 ℃ is larger than that of AASCM at room temperature,were prepared to paste CFRP sheets to strengthen four simply supported unbonded prestressed composite beams encased circular steel tube truss after ultimate limit state.Test on flexural behavior of these four beams was performed.Moreover,normal section load-bearing capacity of these beams and the curve load-deflection at mid-span were obtained.Experimental results show that it is feasible to strengthen concrete members with CFRP sheets bonded with AASCM.Based on the experimental results and theoretical study,computational method of stiffness is proposed for calculating bending rigidity and normal section load-bearing capacity of concrete simply supported beams strengthened with CFRP sheets bonded with AASCM.Formula of bending rigidity calculation was founded which results are in good agreement with testing data.

低碳复合胶凝材料对水泥和混凝土性能的影响

将粉煤灰和矿粉按不同质量比(m_(粉煤灰)∶m_(矿粉)=7∶3、6∶4、5∶5)制备成了低碳复合辅助性胶凝材料,研究了其等质量替代15%、30%的水泥对胶凝材料需水量比、流动度比和活性指数的影响,优选出了最佳m_(粉煤灰)∶m_(矿粉)。在此基础上,研究了低碳复合辅助性胶凝材料等质量替代0、10%、15%、20%、30%的水泥对胶凝材料标准稠度用水量和凝结时间的影响,以及等质量替代0、10%、20%、30%、40%的水泥对C50混凝土工作性和力学性能的影响。结果表明:在水泥中掺入适量低碳复合辅助性胶凝材料有效改善了胶凝材料体系的工作性,延缓了早期(3 d)水化速度,提高了胶砂7 d、28 d抗压强度,最佳m_(粉煤灰)∶m_(矿粉)为5∶5;随着低碳复合辅助性胶凝材料掺量的增加,胶凝材料的标准稠度用水量变化很小,凝结时间延长;C50混凝土的坍落度随着低碳复合辅助性胶凝材料掺量的增加而增大,7 d和28 d抗压强度先增大后减小,最佳掺量为30%。

典型硫酸盐固废复合胶凝材料制备与微观特性研究

硫酸盐类工业固废造成的环境污染和资源浪费问题引起了国内外学者的广泛关注,当前中国两种典型的硫酸盐类固废(电解锰渣和磷石膏)堆存量巨大,造成严重的环境污染,其无害化与资源化利用刻不容缓。依据电解锰渣、磷石膏两种固体废弃物的特性,利用电解锰渣和磷石膏结合矿渣制备复合胶凝材料,探究了磷石膏和水泥不同掺量对复合胶凝材料硬化体力学性能的影响。通过XRD、SEM和EDS分析了硬化体的物相组成和微观形貌变化特征,同时对硬化体进行毒性浸出测试。结果表明:硬化体各龄期强度随着水泥掺量增加而增大,硬化体各龄期强度随着磷石膏掺量增加而减小。复合胶凝材料较优配合比(质量分数)为电解锰渣为50%、磷石膏为20%、矿渣为30%,水泥外掺12%的硬化体28 d抗压强度为27.1 MPa,硫酸盐固废复合胶凝材料的水化产物主要为水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)凝胶和钙矾石(AFt)。养护至28 d的硬化体浸出液中可溶性Mn^(2+)、NH_(4)^(+)-N、PO_(4)^(3-)和重金属离子浓度稳定后满足GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》的排放要求。

改性电解锰渣-矿粉复合胶材料的制备及水化机理

电解锰渣(EMR)是金属锰湿法冶炼过程中产生的一种固体废物,其堆积量大,对环境造成了严重的污染。但电解锰渣中富含硫酸盐,依据其特性,可与矿粉(GGBFS)复合制备胶凝材料。以矿粉为主要原料,电解锰渣为矿粉的硫酸盐激发剂,熟石灰为碱激发剂,制备电解锰渣-矿粉复合胶凝材料。探究电解锰渣、矿粉和熟石灰的最佳配比,并在此基础上对电解锰渣在不同温度下煅烧改性,通过力学测试确定最佳煅烧温度。利用XRD、FT-IR、TG-DTG和SEM等表征方式分析胶凝材料的水化产物及水化机理,同时对硬化体进行毒性测试。结果表明:电解锰渣对矿粉有良好的激发作用,复合胶凝材料中电解锰渣、矿粉、熟石灰最佳质量配比为2∶7∶1,其28 d的抗压强度达到27.2 MPa,电解锰渣经350℃煅烧所制备的复合胶凝材料抗压强度达到30.5 MPa。复合胶凝材料的水化产物主要为钙矾石(AFt)和水化硅酸钙(C-S-H);28 d硬化体浸出液中的重金属浓度均在《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2022)标准限值内,复合胶凝材料具有良好的安全性。

不同掺量铁尾矿对3D打印混凝土胶凝材料性能的影响

这是一篇陶瓷及复合材料领域的论文。本文研究了掺铁尾矿3D打印胶凝材料的力学性能、流变性和微观结构性能,结果表明:尾矿的粒径较小,可以作为3D打印材料的骨料,在3D打印过程中可以顺利通过输送胶凝材料的管道。随着铁尾矿掺量的不断增大,3D打印胶凝材料的剪切黏度的变化规律呈现出先减小后稳定的趋势,剪切应力的变化规律却呈现出不断增大的趋势,随着层间间隔时间不断增大,3D打印胶凝材料的抗压强度和抗折强度均呈现下降的变化趋势,但是在层间间隔时间在20~30 min之间时,抗压强度和抗折强度下降幅度较为平缓;随着层间间隔时间不断增大,3D打印胶凝材料的层间粘结强度均呈现下降的变化趋势。铁尾矿掺量为30%的3D打印胶凝材料在水化90 d后,经过XRD衍射实验得到胶凝材料的物质成分主要有石英、钙矾石、方解石、钠长石、钙钛矿、Ca_(2)SiO_(4)和水化硅酸钙等七种物质。

碱激发粉煤灰矿渣胶凝材料的流变性能

这是一篇陶瓷及复合材料领域的论文。为了研究碱激发粉煤灰矿渣胶凝体系在早期的流变特性,制备了不同粉煤灰和矿粉质量比以及碱激发剂含量的复合浆体,并且分别采用了微型坍落度筒和Brookfield DV3T流变仪测试其流动性和流变性,最后用等温量热仪测试了各组配比下浆体的水化放热速率。结果表明:当FA/GGBS比为3∶7时,碱激发剂NaOH含量为4%的浆体在所有配合比中流动度为较低。随着粉煤灰质量比和NaOH摩尔质量的升高,碱激发粉煤灰矿渣胶凝体系的流动度均有所上升,且屈服应力和塑性黏度有所下降。粉煤灰掺量的升高使得早期水化速率有所下降,而碱激发剂含量的增加则提高了水化放热峰值速率。

水泥基灌浆材料制备和基本性能研究评述

基于国内外研究现状,介绍了水泥基灌浆材料的基本原材料组成,并综述了其流动性能、凝结特性、膨胀性能、力学性能以及长期性能和耐久性能的研究成果,总结了研究中发现的基本规律并分析了其中存在的局限性,同时结合工程需求和建材行业发展趋势,对其未来的研究方向进行了展望并给出若干建议。

EPS颗粒混凝土改性现状及其发展趋势研究

EPS颗粒混凝土是当前热门的绿色环保轻质建材,EPS颗粒混凝土改性是提高EPS颗粒混凝土强度和研发高性能EPS颗粒混凝土的有效途径。首先,将EPS颗粒混凝土改性方法分为EPS颗粒改性、胶凝材料改性两大类,仔细梳理了已有EPS颗粒混凝土改性工艺和改性效果;其次,基于EPS颗粒改性和胶凝材料改性的综合讨论,提出了能够扬长避短的复合改性方法;最后,整理了当前EPS颗粒混凝土改性方法存在问题,对未来改性方法的发展进行了思考和展望。研究发现,EPS颗粒改性包括化学改性、裹砂改性、造壳改性;胶凝材料改性包括纤维改性、掺合料改性、外加剂改性;将EPS颗粒改性和胶凝材料改性有机结合的复合改性可以有效提高EPS颗粒混凝土性能,但技术复杂,需进一步研究;同时纳米材料改性、EPS陶粒改性、微胶囊改性、新养护工艺是EPS颗粒混凝土改性的未来发展方向,但新技术高昂的成本亟待降本增效研究。综上,可以为高性能EPS颗粒混凝土研发提供参考,具有较高的参考价值。

振动搅拌对复合胶凝材料混凝土性能的影响

为研究振动搅拌对C50复合胶凝材料预制梁混凝土性能的影响,采用正交试验优化得到了混凝土最佳配合比,在最佳配合比下,对不同振动搅拌时间下混凝土的工作性、抗压强度和弹性模量进行了测试,并结合XRD、SEM分析了振动搅拌对混凝土力学性能的影响机理。结果表明:通过正交试验得到混凝土的最佳配合比为m_(水泥)∶m_(矿粉)∶m_(粉煤灰)∶m_(硅灰)∶m_(砂)∶m5~10 mm_(碎石)∶m10~20 mm_(碎石)∶m水∶m_(减水剂)=369∶27∶40.5∶13.5∶775∶214∶857∶144∶5.4;振动搅拌会使混凝土的流动性有所下降,当振动搅拌时间为90 s时,混凝土的出机坍落度和扩展度下降幅度最小;随着振动搅拌时间的增加,混凝土的抗压强度和弹性模量均呈先增加后降低的趋势,当振动搅拌时间为90 s时,混凝土的抗压强度和弹性模量达到最大;振动搅拌加快了水泥的水化速率,促进了C-S-H凝胶、Ca(OH)2晶体等水化产物的生成,水化产物能更充分地填充于混凝土界面过渡区的孔隙和裂缝处,增加了界面过渡区结构的致密性,从而提高了混凝土的强度。

聚合物纤维与水泥基材料界面性能研究进展

聚合物纤维与水泥基材料界面粘结性能是影响纤维增强水泥基复合材料延性的关键因素。传统混凝土具有脆性较大韧性较差等缺点,为满足高强高韧性工程需要,国内外学者将聚合物纤维加入水泥基材料中从而制备出具有良好性能的纤维增强水泥基复合材料。为了分析国内外近年来在相关领域的研究成果,总结聚合物纤维与水泥基材料界面性能参数及脱粘机理,纤维物理性质(埋深,直径,种类,改性)、水泥基材料组分、加载速率、温度和服役环境对聚合物纤维与水泥基材料界面粘结性能的影响规律,以及纤维与水泥基材料界面过渡区特点。结果表明:聚合物纤维具有稳定的化学性质,纤维发挥桥接作用主要依靠纤维与水泥基材料界面粘结性能。通过对聚合物纤维进行物理和化学处理,调整纤维长径比、埋深,改变水泥基材料水灰比、砂灰比及砂子类型等水泥基体组分可有效改善纤维与水泥基材料界面粘结性能。同时温度、服役条件和加载速率对其界面粘结性能也影响明显。

基于复合胶凝材料体系的超高性能混凝土性能研究

针对桥梁伸缩缝过渡区频繁出现的混凝土破损问题,研发了一种用于桥梁伸缩缝过渡区修复的硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐复合水泥胶凝材料体系超高性能混凝土(UHPC),并对其性能及微观结构进行了研究;优选了硫铝酸盐水泥的掺入比例,在某公路伸缩缝修复工程中进行了实际应用。结果表明:合适掺量的硫铝酸盐水泥能够有效提高UHPC的综合性能;当硫铝酸盐水泥质量为水泥总质量的10%时,所制备的UHPC在实际修复工程中的应用效果较好,养护24 h后抗压强度已经达到40 MPa。

特种喷射混凝土用多元胶凝体系缓凝特性研究

研究了常温状态下,不同缓凝剂对复合快硬早强型水泥净浆凝结时间的影响。通过复配复合缓凝剂延缓水泥水化,通过对水泥凝结时间、水化温峰、X射线晶体衍射和扫描电镜分析不同龄期水泥水化产物Ca(OH)_(2)和AFt等生成量的影响,探讨了复合缓凝组分对快硬早强型水泥净浆的缓凝作用机理。结果表明,柠檬酸-硼酸-β-环糊精缓凝体系可以大幅抑制早期C_(3)S水化,由于协同效应,Ca(OH)_(2)生成量的减少和吸附量的增加使水泥浆体中Ca(OH)_(2)浓度大幅降低,有效降低了早期水化速率,具有很好的缓凝效果。

赤泥在建筑材料和复合高分子材料中的利用研究进展

赤泥是一种综合利用率较低的工业固体废弃物,其规模化、全组分、安全利用对电解铝行业的绿色发展至关重要。通过制备建材等材料制品是实现赤泥等工业固体废弃物大宗利用的关键途径。充分利用赤泥的高碱性,将赤泥与硅铝质和硫酸盐类工业固废协同使用,可制备出性能优异的水泥或地质聚合物等胶凝材料。同时利用碱性赤泥和其他工业固废的协同作用,制备出的建筑砌块和道路水稳层材料固废使用量可超过90%。利用赤泥制备陶瓷或陶粒类烧结材料是绿色、低碳、高值、大宗利用赤泥的一条有效途径。而将赤泥用作复合高分子材料的填料可以实现赤泥的高附加值利用。近年来,研究学者关于赤泥制备胶凝材料、建筑砌块、道路水稳层材料、陶粒和复合高分子材料进行了系统研究,部分成果已经实现产业化推广。本文主要介绍了赤泥制备建材制品和复合高分子材料的最新进展,并从基础理论研究、应用技术开发、政策法规引导等方面针对赤泥基材料制品的产业化推广和赤泥综合利用率的提升提出了相应建议。

钢渣-矿渣-脱硫石膏复合胶凝材料的制备及水化机理

加速钢渣水化过程、胶凝活性激发对钢渣综合利用率的提高有重要意义。以矿渣和脱硫石膏为复合激发剂,基于交叉试验的设计方法,对复合胶凝材料的组成进行了优化,分析了复合胶凝材料的综合性能,采用X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electronic microscopy,SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(Flourier transform-infrared spectroscopy,FT-IR)等测试方法表征了复合胶凝材料的组成及结构,并以此揭示复合胶凝材料协同优化的机理。复合胶凝材料配合比的交叉试验结果表明:钢渣30%、矿渣60%、脱硫石膏10%,水灰比为0.5,28 d抗压强度为40.4 MPa,其他各项性能指标满足GB/T1346—2011要求。通过多项测试手段可以判断出,矿渣在脱硫石膏的激发作用下不断水解,缩短了水化诱导前期和延长了诱导期,提升早期水化反应程度,释放大量热量,生成了generates ettringite(AFt)和C—S—H凝胶。而浆体的pH值上升,促进钢渣水化反应,加速了浆体由液相反应转为固相反应,证明了各原料之间存在协同反应。