Folding of the cerebral cortex is a prominent characteristic of mammalian brains.Alterations or deficits in cortical folding are strongly correlated with abnormal brain function,cognition,and behavior.Therefore,a prec...Folding of the cerebral cortex is a prominent characteristic of mammalian brains.Alterations or deficits in cortical folding are strongly correlated with abnormal brain function,cognition,and behavior.Therefore,a precise mapping between the anatomy and function of the brain is critical to our understanding of the mechanisms of brain structural architecture in both health and diseases.Gyri and sulci,the standard nomenclature for cortical anatomy,serve as building blocks to make up complex folding patterns,providing a window to decipher cortical anatomy and its relation with brain functions.Huge efforts have been devoted to this research topic from a variety of disciplines including genetics,cell biology,anatomy,neuroimaging,and neurology,as well as involving computational approaches based on machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms.However,despite increasing progress,our understanding of the functional anatomy of gyro-sulcal patterns is still in its infancy.In this review,we present the current state of this field and provide our perspectives of the methodologies and conclusions concerning functional differentiation between gyri and sulci,as well as the supporting information from genetic,cell biology,and brain structure research.In particular,we will further present a proposed framework for attempting to interpret the dynamic mechanisms of the functional interplay between gyri and sulci.Hopefully,this review will provide a comprehensive summary of anatomo-functional relationships in the cortical gyro-sulcal system together with a consideration of how these contribute to brain function,cognition,and behavior,as well as to mental disorders.展开更多
基金supported by theNationalNatural Science Foundation of China(nos.61976045 and 61703073 to X.J.,31971288,U1801265,and 31671005 to T.Z.,31530032 to K.M.K.)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(no.06100/G2020KY05105 to SZ)+1 种基金highlevel researcher start-up projects(no.06100–20GH020161 to S.Z.)Key Scientific and Technological Projects of Guangdong Province Government(no.2018B030335001 to K.M.K.).
文摘Folding of the cerebral cortex is a prominent characteristic of mammalian brains.Alterations or deficits in cortical folding are strongly correlated with abnormal brain function,cognition,and behavior.Therefore,a precise mapping between the anatomy and function of the brain is critical to our understanding of the mechanisms of brain structural architecture in both health and diseases.Gyri and sulci,the standard nomenclature for cortical anatomy,serve as building blocks to make up complex folding patterns,providing a window to decipher cortical anatomy and its relation with brain functions.Huge efforts have been devoted to this research topic from a variety of disciplines including genetics,cell biology,anatomy,neuroimaging,and neurology,as well as involving computational approaches based on machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms.However,despite increasing progress,our understanding of the functional anatomy of gyro-sulcal patterns is still in its infancy.In this review,we present the current state of this field and provide our perspectives of the methodologies and conclusions concerning functional differentiation between gyri and sulci,as well as the supporting information from genetic,cell biology,and brain structure research.In particular,we will further present a proposed framework for attempting to interpret the dynamic mechanisms of the functional interplay between gyri and sulci.Hopefully,this review will provide a comprehensive summary of anatomo-functional relationships in the cortical gyro-sulcal system together with a consideration of how these contribute to brain function,cognition,and behavior,as well as to mental disorders.
