Centrifuge and numerical modeling of h-type anti-slide pile reinforced soil-rock mixture slope

Due to the loose structure,high porosity and high permeability of soil-rock mixture slope,the slope is unstable and may cause huge economic losses and casualties.The h-type anti-slide pile is regarded as an effective means to prevent the instability of soilrock mixture slope.In this paper,a centrifuge model test was conducted to investigate the stress distribution of the h-type anti-slide pile and the evolution process of soil arching during the loading.A numerical simulation model was built based on the similar relationship between the centrifuge model and the prototype to investigate the influence factors of the pile spacing,anchored depth,and crossbeam stiffness,and some recommendations were proposed for its application.The results show that the bending moment distribution of the rear pile exhibits Wshaped,while for the front pile,its distribution resembles V-shaped.The soil arching evolution process during loading is gradually dissipated from bottom to top and from far to near.During the loading,the change of bending moment can be divided into three stages,namely,the stabilization stage,the slow growth stage,and the rapid growth stage.In engineering projects,the recommended values of the pile spacing,anchored depth,and crossbeam stiffness are 4.0d,2.0d,and 2.0EI,where d and EI are the diameter and bending stiffness of the h-type anti-slide pile respectively.

Fiber optic monitoring of an anti-slide pile in a retrogressive landslide

Anti-slide piles are one of the most important reinforcement structures against landslides,and evalu-ating the working conditions is of great significance for landslide mitigation.The widely adopted analytical methods of pile internal forces include cantilever beam method and elastic foundation beam method.However,due to many assumptions involved in calculation,the analytical models cannot be fully applicable to complex site situations,e.g.landslides with multi-sliding surfaces and pile-soil interface separation as discussed herein.In view of this,the combination of distributed fiber optic sensing(DFOS)and strain-internal force conversion methods was proposed to evaluate the working conditions of an anti-sliding pile in a typical retrogressive landslide in the Three Gorges reservoir area,China.Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry(BOTDR)was utilized to monitor the strain distri-bution along the pile.Next,by analyzing the relative deformation between the pile and its adjacent inclinometer,the pile-soil interface separation was profiled.Finally,the internal forces of the anti-slide pile were derived based on the strain-internal force conversion method.According to the ratio of calculated internal forces to the design values,the working conditions of the anti-slide pile could be evaluated.The results demonstrated that the proposed method could reveal the deformation pattern of the anti-slide pile system,and can quantitatively evaluate its working conditions.

Anchoring Depth Research of Anti-Slide Piles of Anchor Bar in Soil

The model test result of earth force in the side of anti-slide pile of anchor bars was introduced.There are three groups of the tests.The loads were on the back side of the slope in two groups.The other one was loaded just behind the pile by the jack.In order to get the force of the soil,some earth-pressure boxes were used to get the earth pressure on the side of the piles.The part of the max pressure and the earth pressure was mainly focused under the slip line

Shaking table test for reinforcement of soil slope with multiple sliding surfaces by reinforced double-row anti-slide piles

Despite the continuous advancements of engineering construction in high-intensity areas,many engineering landslides are still manufactured with huge thrust force,and double-row piles are effective to control such large landslides.In this study,large shaking table test were performed to test and obtain multi-attribute seismic data such as feature image,acceleration,and dynamic soil pressure.Through the feature image processing analysis,the deformation characteristics for the slope reinforced by double-row piles were revealed.By analyzing the acceleration and the dynamic soil pressure time domain,the spatial dynamic response characteristics were revealed.Using Fast Fourier Transform and half-power bandwidth,the damping ratio of acceleration and dynamic soil pressure was obtained.Following that,the Seism Signal was used to calculate the spectral displacement of the accelerations to obtain the regional differences of spectral displacement.The results showed that the overall deformation mechanism of the slope originates from tension failure in the soil mass.The platform at the back of the slope was caused by seismic subsidence,and the peak acceleration ratio was positively correlated with the relative pile heights.The dynamic soil pressure of the front row piles showed an inverted"K"-shaped distribution,but that of the back row piles showed an"S"-shaped distribution.The predominant frequency of acceleration was 2.16 Hz,and the main frequency band was 0.7-6.87 Hz;for dynamic soil pressure,the two parameters became 1.15 Hz and 0.5-6.59 Hz,respectively.In conclusion,dynamic soil pressure was more sensitive to dampening effects than acceleration.Besides,compared to acceleration,dynamic soil pressure exhibited larger loss factors and lower resonance peaks.Finally,back row pile heads were highly sensitive to spectral displacement compared to front row pile heads.These findings may be of reference value for future seismic designs of double-row piles.

Pre-Stressed Rope Reinforced Anti-Sliding Pile

Pre-stressed rope reinforced anti-sliding pile is a composite anti-sliding structure. It is made up of pre-stressed rope and general anti-sliding pile. It can bring traditional anti-sliding pile＇s retaining performance into full play, and to treat with landslide fast and economically. The difference between them is that the pre-stressed rope will transfix the whole anti- sliding pile through a prearranged pipe in this structure. The working mechanics, the design method and economic benefit are studied. The results show that the pre-stressed rope reinforced anti-sliding pile can treat with the small and middle landslides or high slopes well and possess the notable advantage of technology and economic.

h型抗滑桩受力性能模型试验研究

针对h型抗滑桩在坡顶荷载作用下的受力特征,通过室内模型试验,分析h型抗滑桩的前桩与后桩的受力机理、桩身弯矩和桩前土压力分布特性。结果表明:在坡顶均布荷载作用下,后排桩的桩身弯矩随桩体埋深的增大呈先增大后减小的抛物线分布,弯矩峰值出现在预设滑面附近;前排桩的桩身弯矩随桩体埋深的增大而增大,弯矩峰值出现在桩顶连梁连接处;后排桩桩前土压力分布随着坡顶荷载的增大而增大,而上部两个测点相对变化幅度较小;在连梁以下部位,前排桩桩前土压力分布趋势与后排桩变化趋势基本一致,而连梁位置处偏小。

Experimental study on seismic reinforcement of bridge foundation on silty clay landslide with inclined interlayer

A shaking table test for a bridge foundation reinforced by anti-slide piles on a silty clay landslide model with an inclined interlayer was performed.The deformation characteristics of the bridge foundation piles and anti-slide piles were analyzed in different loading conditions.The dynamic response law of a silty clay landslide with an inclined interlayer was summarized.The spacing between the rear anti-slide piles and bridge foundation should be reasonably controlled according to the seismic fortification requirements,to avoid the two peaks in the forced deformation of the bridge foundation piles.The“blocking effect”of the bridge foundation piles reduced the deformation of the forward anti-slide piles.The stress-strain response of silty clay was intensified as the vibration wave field appeared on the slope.Since the vibration intensified,the thrust distribution of the landslide underwent a process of shifting from triangle to inverted trapezoid,the difference in the acceleration response between the bearing platform and silty clay landslide tended to decrease,and the spectrum amplitude near the natural vibration frequency increased.The rear anti-slide piles were able to slow down the shear deformation of the soil in front of the piles and avoid excessive acceleration response of the bridge foundation piles.

抗滑桩在水利工程边坡支护中的应用分析

近年来,h形抗滑桩在边坡治理工程中应用广泛。结合实际边坡工程,利用数值模拟技术,建立不同连梁刚度h形抗滑桩治理边坡的模型,对h形抗滑桩连梁刚度对抗滑桩桩身位移、内力以及边坡治理效果进行研究。结果表明:①不同范围的连梁刚度,对h形抗滑桩桩顶位移的影响程度不同;②连梁刚度变化,对h形抗滑桩后排桩最大剪力的影响较前排桩更大,且对前后排桩桩身最大弯矩的影响不同;③综合考虑各种因素,该实例边坡工程最优的连梁刚度为1.5EI,此时边坡最大位移仅为8mm,较天然工况下降低73.3%。研究成果可为类似工程提供参考。

Dynamic response of a slope reinforced by double-row antisliding piles and pre-stressed anchor cables

Large-scale shaking table tests were conducted to study the dynamic response of a slope reinforced by double-row anti-sliding piles and prestressed anchor cables. The test results show that the reinforcement suppressed the acceleration amplification effectively. The axial force time histories are decomposed into a baseline part and a vibration part in this study. The baseline part of axial force well revealed the seismic slope stability, the peak vibration values of axial force of the anchor cables changed significantly in different area of the slope under seismic excitations. The peak lateral earth pressure acting on the back of the anti-sliding pile located at the slope toe was much larger than that acting on the back of the anti-sliding pile located at the slope waist. The test results indicate an obvious load sharing ratio difference between these two anti-slide piles, the load sharing ratio between the two anti-sliding piles located at the slope toe and the slope waist varied mainly in a range of 2-5. The anti-slide pile at the slope waist suppressed the horizontal displacement of the slope surface.

Shaking Table Tests on Bridge Foundation Reinforced by Antislide Piles on Slope

Based on the requirement of seismic reinforcement of bridge foundation on slope in the Chengdu-Lanzhou railway project,a shaking table model test of anti-slide pile protecting bridge foundation in landslide section is designed and completed. By applying Wenchuan seismic waves with different acceleration peaks,the stress and deformation characteristics of bridge pile foundation and anti-slide pile are analyzed,and the failure mode is discussed. Results show that the dynamic response of bridge pile and anti-slide pile are affected by the peak value of seismic acceleration of earthquake,with which the stress and deformation of the structure increase. The maximum dynamic earth pressure and the moment of anti-slide piles are located near the sliding surface,while that of bridge piles are located at the top of the pile. Based on the dynamic response of structure,local reinforcement needs to be carried out to meet the requirement of the seismic design. The PGA amplification factor of the surface is greater than the inside,and it decreases with the increase of the input seismic acceleration peak. When the slope failure occurs,the tension cracks are mainly produced in the shallow sliding zone and the coarse particles at the foot of the slope are accumulated.

3-D Simulation Study on Seismic Response of Bridge Piles in Landslide

The anti-slide support structure is widely used in the anti-seismic reinforcement of bridge foundations,but related experimental research was processing slowly. Based on the prototype of the Jiuzhaigou bridge at the Chengdu-Lanzhou Railway,a 3-D simulation model was established on the basis of the shaking table model test,and the rationality of the dynamic analysis model was verified by indicators such as the bending moment of the bridge piles,peak soil pressure,and PGA amplification factors. The results show that the inertia force of the bridge pier has an important influence on the deformation of the pile foundation. The bending moment and shearing force are larger in lateral bridge piles,and the maximum value is near the pile top. The PGA amplification factor is stronger in the back of the rear anti-slide piles and so is it in front of the bridge pier,and the soil is prone to slip and damage. The bedrock is rigid and the dynamic response is maintained at a low level. The anti-slide piles in the rear row play a major role in the anti-seismic reinforcement design,and the anti-slide piles in the front row can be used as an auxiliary support structure.

Limit analysis on seismic stability of anisotropic and nonhomogeneous slopes with anti-slide piles

This study employs the limit analysis method to evaluate the seismic stability of anisotropic and nonhomogeneous slopes stabilized with anti-slide piles. The pseudo-static approach is used to simplify the earthquake load. The yield seismic acceleration factor is obtained from the optimization procedure and the results are verified with the published data. Then, the seismically-unstable slope is reinforced with anti-slide piles, and the seismic stability of the reinforced slope is explored. The results show that the anisotropy and nonhomogeneity of soils have significant effects on the stabilizing force required from the anti-slide piles and the optimal location of the pile is near the toe of the slope.

h型抗滑桩抗滑机制模型试验研究

为了探讨h型抗滑桩加固滑坡体的作用机制,利用专门设计的物理模型试验装置,在室内进行了不同锚固深度、不同前后桩间距的抗滑桩模型试验。试验结果可以看出:粘聚力较大地层中h型抗滑桩前桩前侧抗力和后侧推力呈三角形分布,后桩的前侧抗力呈矩形分布,对于后桩的后侧推力试验中有抛物线、重心偏上的抛物线、矩形3种分布形式。由此可知,在确定粘聚力较大地层中h型抗滑桩结构计算图式时,前桩前侧抗力和后侧推力都可以按三角形分布计算,后桩前侧抗力按矩形分布计算,后桩后侧推力分布不仅要考虑滑体力学性质,还应根据抗滑桩锚固深度及前后桩间距具体分析。

h型抗滑桩滑坡治理中的变形特性及内力研究

伴随着高速公路的快速发展,西部山区由于高填深挖诱发大量的大型和特大型工程滑坡,工程治理的难度和费用逐年增加,且传统单排或多排抗滑桩也无法满足很多工程对变形和稳定性的要求,工程师们经过大量工程实践通常采用能抵御大变形和整体结构形式较好的h型抗滑桩。以贵州省沿德高速公路龙家岩特大型滑坡的h型抗滑桩为研究对象,为了深入了解h型在滑坡治理中的变形规律和内力分布特性,采用传统的深部位移测试手段和先进的BOTDA全分布式光纤传感测试技术对h型抗滑桩在滑坡治理全过程中的变形及内力响应进行测试。分别在h抗滑桩的前、后侧桩及连系梁均布设传感光缆,完整地采集了从滑坡治理过程到稳定后的应变,并结合深部位移成果对h型抗滑桩的变形特性及内力进行研究。研究结果表明:h型抗滑桩治理特大型滑坡的效果显著,从监测结果可知h型抗滑桩形成整体后的一段时间内,滑坡变形收敛,边坡趋于稳定,通过监测桩身变形和应变真实反映抗滑桩的变形和内力的传递规律,对h型抗滑桩的理论及其工程应用具有一定的参考价值,也对光纤传感技术在桩体变形监测中的应用具有一定的借鉴作用。

基于有限差分法的h型抗滑桩结构计算模型

目前关于h型抗滑桩的结构计算尚无成熟的模型和方法。提出基于有限差分法的h型抗滑桩结构计算模型,把h型桩分成滑动面以下和以上两部分分别建立差分方程,以边界条件为基础,推演出适用于h型抗滑桩计算的有限差分方程组,并进行计算分析。同时,进行h型抗滑桩大型结构模型试验,验证对比了有效差分分析方法。结果表明:采用有限差分法得到的h型抗滑桩关键点的位移和应力数据与结构模型试验结果基本吻合,说明采用有限差分求解h型抗滑桩的位移、应力等桩身参数具有较高的准确性和可靠度;h型抗滑桩前、后排桩的桩身应力均呈交变状态,有效降低了桩的最大应力值,克服了传统单排桩桩身应力过于集中的问题;h型抗滑桩前排桩和后排桩在同一高度上的桩身位移基本相等,具有较优的结构协同工作能力。

h型抗滑桩的受力特性及优化设计

在综合分析抗滑桩受力特点,归纳总结多个工程经验的基础上,提出了h型抗滑桩的三种土压力模式;基于ANSYS软件建立有限元模型,分析矩形、三角形和梯形等三种土压力作用下h型桩的内力分布特点,同时考虑桩前滑体被动土压力作用对h型抗滑桩内力分布的影响;利用桩顶位移与桩体最大弯矩双控指标对h型抗滑桩的几何参数进行了优化.结果表明：对于矩形截面h型桩,当前后桩间距取2.5～5倍桩截面宽度,连梁高度为1～2倍桩截面宽度,连梁刚度为桩身刚度的4～5倍时,桩身受力最为合理.

h型抗滑桩加固边坡的优化分析

采用HyperMesh程序建立h型抗滑桩加固边坡的三维有限元数值模型,即综合考虑h型抗滑桩桩-土、梁-土及桩-梁的共同作用,并基于有限元强度折减法,通过ABAQUS有限元软件对三维模型进行数值模拟,同时引入参数q来判别h型抗滑桩的加固效果。根据此参数,并考虑安全系数、桩身最大滑坡水平推力,对h型抗滑桩夹角θ、桩间距、桩排距等设计参数进行优化分析。结果表明,达到较好加固效果时的最优夹角为15°,最优桩间距为5倍桩宽,最优桩排距为5倍桩宽。

边(滑)坡治理中h型组合抗滑桩的分析方法及工程应用

h型组合抗滑桩是用横梁连接前后两排桩外形似h型的可抵抗大滑坡推力的支挡结构,分析了h型桩支挡边(滑)坡的作用机理,根据其受力特征,可以滑面为界将其分为上下两个部分计算分析,通过室内试验研究和理论分析,提出可按在滑坡推力作用下的横向弹性地基约束的平面刚架模型分析上半部分(受荷段)结构内力,其间考虑了桩排间的坡体压力作用,在此基础上可对下半部分(锚固段)直接按弹性地基梁理论计算,按所提出的方法设计计算的h型桩成功用于四川广巴高速公路一大型堆积体路堑边坡工程中,取得了良好的实际效果。

h式抗滑桩相似结构模型试验研究

在给出模型相似比的基础上,确定一定比例试验模型与工程结构应力、应变关系、变形位移关系,将相似理论和模型试验的方法成功的应用于h式抗滑桩模型试验方案的设计.试验研究指出：在相同的荷载作用下,h式抗滑桩相对普通单桩桩身位移显著减小,前者只有后者的20%～25%,同时,h式抗滑桩最大弯矩仅为普通单桩30%,峰值均在滑面附近锚固段出现。h式抗滑桩实测应力值与理论计算值接近,并显示与理论计算相似的分布规律。此外,模型试验反映了不同桩底支承条件下,h式抗抗滑桩最大弯矩值与位移值的差异,为此类新型结构的设计提供了试验依据。

H型抗滑桩加固膨胀土滑坡的有限元分析及优化设计

基于西南山区某膨胀土滑坡整治工程，采用非线性有限元方法，分析了全埋式H型抗滑桩加固膨胀土边坡的有效性及其与膨胀土边坡相互作用时的受力特性，并提出了优化设计方案。研究结果表明：全埋式H型抗滑桩能有效遏制膨胀土滑坡的塑性区发展及边坡的滑移；桩排距不应小于4．0m，桩列距取4．5～5．0m为宜。