由于液体流模型不能反映实际背景流的突发性及包长分布,基于液体流模型的可用带宽测量技术在突发背景流及多跳链路下测量精度较低。因此,提出了一种基于M/D/1排队模型的高精度可用带宽测量算法FPU(five-packet-unit for available bandw...由于液体流模型不能反映实际背景流的突发性及包长分布,基于液体流模型的可用带宽测量技术在突发背景流及多跳链路下测量精度较低。因此,提出了一种基于M/D/1排队模型的高精度可用带宽测量算法FPU(five-packet-unit for available bandwidth measurement)。该算法采用五包结构构成探测单元,结合探测包TTL值设置,分别测量瓶颈链路前后的平均探测包间隔,并基于M/D/1排队模型计算可用带宽,减小了背景流的抖动及多跳链路带来的测量偏差。探测时,大部分探测包在瓶颈链路前后被丢弃,减小了探测流对网络的入侵度。仿真表明,相比现有算法,FPU算法具有更高的测量精度和更好的适应性。展开更多
Crossover recombination is a hallmark of meiosis that holds the paternal and maternal chromosomes(homologs)together for their faithful segregation,while promoting genetic diversity of the progeny.The pattern of crosso...Crossover recombination is a hallmark of meiosis that holds the paternal and maternal chromosomes(homologs)together for their faithful segregation,while promoting genetic diversity of the progeny.The pattern of crossover is mainly controlled by the architecture of the meiotic chromosomes.Environmental factors,especially temperature,also play an important role in modulating crossovers.However,it is unclear how temperature affects crossovers.Here,we examined the distribution of budding yeast axis components(Red1,Hop1,and Rec8)and the crossover-associated Zip3 foci in detail at different temperatures,and found that both increased and decreased temperatures result in shorter meiotic chromosome axes and more crossovers.Further investigations showed that temperature changes coordinately enhanced the hyperabundant accumulation of Hop1 and Red1 on chromosomes and the number of Zip3 foci.Most importantly,temperature-induced changes in the distribution of axis proteins and Zip3 foci depend on changes in DNA negative supercoils.These results suggest that yeast meiosis senses temperature changes by increasing the level of negative supercoils to increase crossovers and modulate chromosome organization.These findings provide a new perspective on understanding the effect and mechanism of temperature on meiotic recombination and chromosome organization,with important implications for evolution and breeding.展开更多
文摘由于液体流模型不能反映实际背景流的突发性及包长分布,基于液体流模型的可用带宽测量技术在突发背景流及多跳链路下测量精度较低。因此,提出了一种基于M/D/1排队模型的高精度可用带宽测量算法FPU(five-packet-unit for available bandwidth measurement)。该算法采用五包结构构成探测单元,结合探测包TTL值设置,分别测量瓶颈链路前后的平均探测包间隔,并基于M/D/1排队模型计算可用带宽,减小了背景流的抖动及多跳链路带来的测量偏差。探测时,大部分探测包在瓶颈链路前后被丢弃,减小了探测流对网络的入侵度。仿真表明,相比现有算法,FPU算法具有更高的测量精度和更好的适应性。
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32225015,32070837,32370907,32070575,32270895)the National Key Research and Developmental Program of China(2022YFC2702602,2021YFC2700103)the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(tstp20231256).
文摘Crossover recombination is a hallmark of meiosis that holds the paternal and maternal chromosomes(homologs)together for their faithful segregation,while promoting genetic diversity of the progeny.The pattern of crossover is mainly controlled by the architecture of the meiotic chromosomes.Environmental factors,especially temperature,also play an important role in modulating crossovers.However,it is unclear how temperature affects crossovers.Here,we examined the distribution of budding yeast axis components(Red1,Hop1,and Rec8)and the crossover-associated Zip3 foci in detail at different temperatures,and found that both increased and decreased temperatures result in shorter meiotic chromosome axes and more crossovers.Further investigations showed that temperature changes coordinately enhanced the hyperabundant accumulation of Hop1 and Red1 on chromosomes and the number of Zip3 foci.Most importantly,temperature-induced changes in the distribution of axis proteins and Zip3 foci depend on changes in DNA negative supercoils.These results suggest that yeast meiosis senses temperature changes by increasing the level of negative supercoils to increase crossovers and modulate chromosome organization.These findings provide a new perspective on understanding the effect and mechanism of temperature on meiotic recombination and chromosome organization,with important implications for evolution and breeding.