This study evaluated the microbial community dynamics and maturation time of two compost systems： biogas slurry compost and cow manure compost, with the aim of evaluating the potential utility of a biogas slurry comp...This study evaluated the microbial community dynamics and maturation time of two compost systems： biogas slurry compost and cow manure compost, with the aim of evaluating the potential utility of a biogas slurry compost system. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE）, gene clone library, temperature, C/N ratio, and the germination index were employed for the investigation, cow manure compost was used as the control. Results showed that the basic strip and dominant strips of the DGGE bands for biogas slurry compost were similar to those of cow manure compost, but the brightness of the respective strips for each system were different. Shannon-Weaver indices of the two compost systems differed, possessing only 22% similarity in the primary and maturity stages of the compost process. Using bacterial 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis, 88 bacterial clones were detected. Further, 18 and 13 operational taxonomic units （OTUs） were present in biogas slurry and cow manure compost, respectively. The 18 OTUs of the biogas slurry compost belonged to nine bacterial genera, of which the dominant strains were Bacillus sp. and Carnobacterium sp.; the 13 OTUs of the cow manure compost belonged to eight bacterial genera, of which the dominant strains were Psychrobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Clostridium sp. Results demonstrated that the duration of the thermophilic phase （more than 50°C） for biogas slurry compost was 8 d less than the according duration for cow manure compost, and the maturation times for biogas slurry and cow manure compost were 45 and 60 d, respectively. It is an effective biogas slurry assimilate technology by application of biogas slurry as nitrogen additives in the manufacture of organic fertilizer.展开更多
Molecular diversity and development of the Lactobacillus community in the intestinal tract, as influenced by age and intestinal compartment, were studied in one litter of 12 conventionally raised piglets. Piglets were...Molecular diversity and development of the Lactobacillus community in the intestinal tract, as influenced by age and intestinal compartment, were studied in one litter of 12 conventionally raised piglets. Piglets were euthanized at each week （3 animals per time）. Digesta and tissue samples from stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, colon, and rectum were collected and analysed by using 16S ribosomal RNA-based methods. DGGE （denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis） profiles revealed that the Lactobacillus communities throughout the GI tract from duodenum to rectum showed good stability at same age. This indicates that fecal Lactobacillus communities can effectively represent the intestinal community. Two dominant bands were found in tissue samples of the small intestine, suggesting that the lactobacilli can adhere to the small intestinal wall. The Lactobacillus communities in different GI tract compartments developed over time. A successional change of Lactobacillus communities was observed from birth, through creep feeding to one week after weaning, showing a trend from simple to complex and back to simple. Furthermore, a clone library of Lactobacillus spp. 16S rRNA gene sequences were generated from jejunal and colonic chymes. Six dominant DGGE bands generated from jejunal chymes were matched with sequences that show 94-98% similarity to the bands derived from L. reuteri, L. delbrueckii, and L. crispatus. Seven dominant DGGE bands generated from colon chymes were matched with sequences that show 88-99% similarity to those derived from L. reuteri, L. delbrueckii, L. amylovorus/L. sobrius, and L. acidophilus. Amplicons related to L. reuteri were found in all DGGE fingerprints from jejunal digesta of age of weeks 1, 3, and 4. Amplicons related to L. amylovorus/L. sobrius were present in all DGGE fingerprints from colonic digesta of age of week 1, 3, and 4. Amplicons related to L. delbrueckii were found before weaning, L. crispatus after creep feeding before weaning and L. acidophilus after weaning. This indicates that L. reuteri and L. amylovorus/L. sobrius probably belong to the permanent composition, while L. delbruckii, L. acidophilus, and L. crispatus probably belong to the temporal groups of Lactobacillus communities in the GI tract of piglets.展开更多
This paper summarizes some molecular techniques applied in the studies on microbial ecology, such as hybridization of nucleic acid probes, ampification of polymerase chain reaction, denaturing gradient gel electrophor...This paper summarizes some molecular techniques applied in the studies on microbial ecology, such as hybridization of nucleic acid probes, ampification of polymerase chain reaction, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and analyses of ribosomal RNA gene sequences, and the progress, performance, achievements and advances made from the researches of microbial ecology in recent years by using these molecular techniques.展开更多
To better understand the effect of salinity on denitrification communities,soils along a salinity gradient (ranging from 7.32 to 1.70 mS cm 1) in a wetland along the Yellow Sea coastline in Jiangsu Province,China,were...To better understand the effect of salinity on denitrification communities,soils along a salinity gradient (ranging from 7.32 to 1.70 mS cm 1) in a wetland along the Yellow Sea coastline in Jiangsu Province,China,were studied using both culture-dependent and-independent methods.Culture efforts yielded 82 isolates in total,81.7% of which were close relatives of Bacillus sp.based on partial sequences of their 16S rRNA genes.Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis based on 16S rRNA sequences suggested possible existence of bacterial community succession along the salinity gradient.Clone library analysis based on nosZ gene sequences (coding nitrous oxide reductase) showed that operational taxonomic units (OTUs) associated with α-proteobacteria dominated in all three soils,whereas those associated with β-and γ-subdivisions showed a clear succession.In the high salinity soil,only the OTUs associated with α-subdivision were found.In the medium salinity soil,small proportions of β-(6.5%) and γ-associated (19.6%) OTUs were found.In the low salinity soil,the proportions were further increased to 33% and 25% for β-and γ-Proteobacteria,respectively.Statistic analysis using Unifrac P test showed that nosZ-communities in different saline soils were significantly different from each other.It could be concluded that α-subdivision of nosZ-community tended to be sustained in high salinity environments whereas β-and γ-subdivisions,especially the former,tended to be sustained in low salinity environments.Salinity was the key determinant of nosZ-community composition in the environment.展开更多
基金supported by the National 863 Program of China(2012AA101803)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(2012BAD14B06,2012BAD14B01)
文摘This study evaluated the microbial community dynamics and maturation time of two compost systems： biogas slurry compost and cow manure compost, with the aim of evaluating the potential utility of a biogas slurry compost system. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE）, gene clone library, temperature, C/N ratio, and the germination index were employed for the investigation, cow manure compost was used as the control. Results showed that the basic strip and dominant strips of the DGGE bands for biogas slurry compost were similar to those of cow manure compost, but the brightness of the respective strips for each system were different. Shannon-Weaver indices of the two compost systems differed, possessing only 22% similarity in the primary and maturity stages of the compost process. Using bacterial 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis, 88 bacterial clones were detected. Further, 18 and 13 operational taxonomic units （OTUs） were present in biogas slurry and cow manure compost, respectively. The 18 OTUs of the biogas slurry compost belonged to nine bacterial genera, of which the dominant strains were Bacillus sp. and Carnobacterium sp.; the 13 OTUs of the cow manure compost belonged to eight bacterial genera, of which the dominant strains were Psychrobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Clostridium sp. Results demonstrated that the duration of the thermophilic phase （more than 50°C） for biogas slurry compost was 8 d less than the according duration for cow manure compost, and the maturation times for biogas slurry and cow manure compost were 45 and 60 d, respectively. It is an effective biogas slurry assimilate technology by application of biogas slurry as nitrogen additives in the manufacture of organic fertilizer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30771570)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China(BK2006143)
文摘Molecular diversity and development of the Lactobacillus community in the intestinal tract, as influenced by age and intestinal compartment, were studied in one litter of 12 conventionally raised piglets. Piglets were euthanized at each week （3 animals per time）. Digesta and tissue samples from stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, colon, and rectum were collected and analysed by using 16S ribosomal RNA-based methods. DGGE （denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis） profiles revealed that the Lactobacillus communities throughout the GI tract from duodenum to rectum showed good stability at same age. This indicates that fecal Lactobacillus communities can effectively represent the intestinal community. Two dominant bands were found in tissue samples of the small intestine, suggesting that the lactobacilli can adhere to the small intestinal wall. The Lactobacillus communities in different GI tract compartments developed over time. A successional change of Lactobacillus communities was observed from birth, through creep feeding to one week after weaning, showing a trend from simple to complex and back to simple. Furthermore, a clone library of Lactobacillus spp. 16S rRNA gene sequences were generated from jejunal and colonic chymes. Six dominant DGGE bands generated from jejunal chymes were matched with sequences that show 94-98% similarity to the bands derived from L. reuteri, L. delbrueckii, and L. crispatus. Seven dominant DGGE bands generated from colon chymes were matched with sequences that show 88-99% similarity to those derived from L. reuteri, L. delbrueckii, L. amylovorus/L. sobrius, and L. acidophilus. Amplicons related to L. reuteri were found in all DGGE fingerprints from jejunal digesta of age of weeks 1, 3, and 4. Amplicons related to L. amylovorus/L. sobrius were present in all DGGE fingerprints from colonic digesta of age of week 1, 3, and 4. Amplicons related to L. delbrueckii were found before weaning, L. crispatus after creep feeding before weaning and L. acidophilus after weaning. This indicates that L. reuteri and L. amylovorus/L. sobrius probably belong to the permanent composition, while L. delbruckii, L. acidophilus, and L. crispatus probably belong to the temporal groups of Lactobacillus communities in the GI tract of piglets.
文摘This paper summarizes some molecular techniques applied in the studies on microbial ecology, such as hybridization of nucleic acid probes, ampification of polymerase chain reaction, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and analyses of ribosomal RNA gene sequences, and the progress, performance, achievements and advances made from the researches of microbial ecology in recent years by using these molecular techniques.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41071177)
文摘To better understand the effect of salinity on denitrification communities,soils along a salinity gradient (ranging from 7.32 to 1.70 mS cm 1) in a wetland along the Yellow Sea coastline in Jiangsu Province,China,were studied using both culture-dependent and-independent methods.Culture efforts yielded 82 isolates in total,81.7% of which were close relatives of Bacillus sp.based on partial sequences of their 16S rRNA genes.Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis based on 16S rRNA sequences suggested possible existence of bacterial community succession along the salinity gradient.Clone library analysis based on nosZ gene sequences (coding nitrous oxide reductase) showed that operational taxonomic units (OTUs) associated with α-proteobacteria dominated in all three soils,whereas those associated with β-and γ-subdivisions showed a clear succession.In the high salinity soil,only the OTUs associated with α-subdivision were found.In the medium salinity soil,small proportions of β-(6.5%) and γ-associated (19.6%) OTUs were found.In the low salinity soil,the proportions were further increased to 33% and 25% for β-and γ-Proteobacteria,respectively.Statistic analysis using Unifrac P test showed that nosZ-communities in different saline soils were significantly different from each other.It could be concluded that α-subdivision of nosZ-community tended to be sustained in high salinity environments whereas β-and γ-subdivisions,especially the former,tended to be sustained in low salinity environments.Salinity was the key determinant of nosZ-community composition in the environment.
