Determination of Constituents in Hair Dyes by Reversed-phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the separation and quantitation of 1,4-phenylenediamine, 4-aminophenol, 3-aminophenol, 1,3-benzendiol and 2,6-phenylenediamine in hair dyes was developed. The separation was carried out on a mu-Bondapak C-18 column with methanol-water containing 0.1% triethylamine and 0.02 mol/L NH4Ac (pH=5.20) (10:90. vol./vol.) as the mobile phase. Two real samples were analyzed.

Protective effects of Ecklonia cava extract on the toxicity and oxidative stress induced by hair dye in in-vitro and in-vivo models

Oxidative hair dyes containingρ-phenylenediamine(PPD)are reported to induce an allergic reaction by promoting oxidative stress when absorbed through the skin.Despite the associated risk,these hair dyes remain popular owing to their convenience and sharpness of color.This makes it important to minimize the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by PPD-containing hair dyes.Ecklonia cava extract has been evaluated in different studies for its protective effects against external stress in fibroblasts and keratinocytes.Our study was aimed at using in-vitro and in-vivo models to investigate the extract’s effects on cytotoxicity of and oxidative stress induced by PPD-containing hair dyes.Analysis of CIEL*a*b*Color space was first used to determine the range of E.cava extract that would not interfere with the coloring ability of the dye upon addition.Subsequently,the set ranges of E.cava extract(5% and 7%)were added to the hair dye and their toxicity assessed by evaluating the viability of fibroblasts and keratinocytes.The effects on developmental phenotypes and induction of oxidative stress by hair dye were evaluated and compared with those of hair dyes containing different contents of E.cava extract using an in-vivo zebrafish model.Our results showed that E.cava extract in hair dye could significantly decrease the cytotoxicity and levels of oxidative stress caused by hair dyes containing PPD in both in-vitro and in-vivo models.These results suggest that the addition of 7% E.cava extract to 250μg/mL hair dye does not interfere with the coloring ability of the dye while showing significant protective eff ects against the hair dye.The study proposes that the use of E.cava extract as an adduct to hair dyes containing PPD reduces the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by these hair dyes.

Orthogonal Experiment Design to Optimize the Pet Dog Dyeing Condition of Musa basjoo Siebold(MBS) & Lithospermum erythrorhizon(LE) Mixed Hair Dye

[Objectives] To optimize the pet dog dyeing process of plant hair dye. [Methods]Three factors affecting dyeing were selected including pH,concentration of dye and dyeing time. The L_9(3~3) orthogonal design was used to evaluate the hair coloring effect and the absorbance of cleaning solution after hair was dyed. [Results] The optimum pet dog dyeing process of plant hair dye was dye concentration of50 mg/mL,dye pH of 7. 5 and dyeing time of 1 h. [Conclusions] The coloring and fixing effects of the dye and dyeing process are good,which can lay a foundation for the development and utilization of plant dyes.

Thrombocytopenia, an Overlooked Hematological Derangement in Hair Dye Poisoning

Thrombocytopenia is a common hematological disorder characterized by abnormally low number of platelets in circulating blood from multiple causes. The fundamental mechanisms involved are: ineffective production of platelets by the bone marrow, accerlated destruction of platelets or platelet splenic sequestration. Hair dye, containing Paraphenyllinediamaine has been linked to allergic reaction, nephrotoxicity, mutagenicity and hematological derangements as anemia. A female showed a clinical spectrum of decreasing platelet count along with anemia due to oral ingestion of hair dye. It is important to consider thrombocytopenia in management plan as it may impact the clinical outcome.

Different Analytical Methods of Para-Phenylenediamine Based Hair Dye

Many cases of toxicity and mortality either due to accidental or deliberate ingestion of hair dyes were reported in Egypt, Sudan, Israel, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, India and Tunisia. In the field of forensic analytical toxicology, the identification and quantification of chemicals are essential in deaths related to intoxication. The aim of the present study is to conduct chemico-analytical characterization of para-phenylenediamine (PPD) based hair dye of (Black stone hair dye, SHD) currently used for dying hear in Egypt, to confirm the identification of its components, that may be potentially toxic on oral or dermal exposure, this study uses comparison between different analytical methods. The applied analytical methods were inductively coupled plasma/MS (ICP/MS), witch used to determine the metal components of the dye, high performance liquid chromatography/MS (HPLC/MS) and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) were used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of PPD in the dye. A derivatization method was applied by transforming PPD (aromatic amines) into corresponding imine derivatives. This compound was prepared by condensation of 4-methylbenzeneamine with benzaldehyed to give N-benzylidene-4-methylbenzene-amine, which is a very stable internal standard. ICP/MS analysis revealed that most metal components of hair dye are Be, Na, Al, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zr, where HPLC/MS analysis revealed that PPD is the main ingredient of SHD. Derivatization is necessary for accurate determination of PPD in hair dye by GC/MS method and this results could not be obtained by direct injection of dye (without derivatization).

Hair Dyeing by Using Catechinone Obtained from (+)-Catechin

A novel colourant for hair dyeing was prepared by an enzymatic reaction with (+)-catechin and its characteristics as a hair dyestuff were studied. The study is aimed at inventing the hair dyestuff that is human- and eco-friendly. One potentially powerful dyestuff was obtained from (+)-catechin treated with tyrosinase after screening experiments using biobased materials. The obtained reddish orange colourant, 4-(3,4-dihydro-3α,5,7-trihydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2α-yl) 1,2-benzoquinone named “catechinone”, shows enough dyeability for decolourised white hair. Catechinone does not cause erythema or oedema on skin of rabbits. The colour is controlled by the addition of other biobased materials and a variety of colours of dyed hair are acquired. The fastness to light or washing for hair dyed by catechinone is high enough for practical use.

Analysis on Results of Test and Supervision for Oxidative Hair Dyes Samples in Yangzhou from 2013 to 2018

According to Hygienic Standard for Cosmetics (2007 Edition) and Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 Edition), Oxidative Hair Dyes were supervised and inspected in Yangzhou from 2013 to 2018. P-Phenylenediamine and other 6 kinds of components from 85 batches of samples were determined and analyzed by HPLC. Only one batch of samples had not passed test, o-Phenylenediamine was detected that should be prohibited in hair dyes. The results of supervision and inspection for oxidative hair dyes were good in Yangzhou from 2013 to 2018.

Severe liver injury induced by repeated use of hair dye

Asignificant number of drugs has been proven, or at least suggested, to cause hepatotoxicity. Liver injury due to herbal medicines, chemicals or natural toxins also occur from household, occupational, or environmental exposure. However, liver toxicity due to hair dyes now is rarely recognized. Only in 2003, Tokumoto et al reported a case of hair dye-induced hepatitis, which presented a comparatively mild liver lesion. Here we described a case had more severe liver injury.

The Relationships between Dyeing Methods and Dyeability in Hair Colouring by Utilising Enzymatic Oxidation of (+)-Catechin

The enzymatic oxidation of (+)-catechin (Cat) with copper-containing oxidase, tyrosinase, was applied to hair colouring in the study. The Cat is oxidised to be o-benzoquinone form, the catechinone, which works as the hair dyestuff. Four kinds of hair colouring techniques using Cat were examined and each of their dyeability was compared in order to improve it. The first dyeing method is dyeing hair by the redissolved catechinone, which is preliminarily obtained by the oxidation of Cat (Redissolution Dyeing Method). The second one is dyeing hair in the dye solution just after the dye being formed by the enzymatic reaction (Sequential Dyeing Method). The third one is dyeing hair in solution containing Cat and the dyeing process is accompanied by the oxidation of Cat (Simultaneous Oxidation Dyeing Method). The fourth one is two-step dyeing that the hair immersed in Cat solution at the first step and then it is oxidised enzymatically to colour at the second step (Post-Oxidation Dyeing Method). The hair is dyed pale yellow by Redissolution Method, deeper yellowish brown by Sequential and Simultaneous Oxidation Dyeing Method and slightly reddish brown by Post-Oxidation Method with Cat. The order of their dyeability is the Simultaneous Oxidation ≈ Post-Oxidation > Sequential > Redissolution Dyeing Method at 30°C. The dyeability of Redissolution Method increases with an increase in dyeing temperature (T) between 20°C - 60°C. In Simultaneous Oxidation Method, the T increment also provides higher dyeability, and the colour of dyed hair becomes duller over 50°C. The Post-Oxidation Method shows higher dyeability at the lower oxidation temperature (20 °C - 40°C).

Going to Court Over Hair Dye Allegations

近年花甲,两鬓渐白,乃人间一景。但头发若仍保持原色,不显苍白,也未必会产生多大的轰动效应。可这事发生在名人身上,轩然大波也许在所难免了。德国总理施罗德因为否认曾染过头发,而反对党认为:58岁的他不可能看不出有白发,由此,双方展开激烈的争论,进而引申到人的“诚信”问题!

Dyeing Behavior of Yak Hair Fiber Treated with Microwave Low Temperature Plasma

The scales on the surface of yak hair fiber act as barriers during the dyeing process. In order to solve the scale problem and to improve the dyeability of yak hair, yak hair fiber was treated by microwave low temperature plasma (MLTP) in this study. The weight loss and the dyeing properties of the yak hair fiber modified by MLTP were investigated. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) photographs were taken to observe the changes in the surface shape of yak hair fiber before and after treatment. Results showed that after MLTP treatment, the scale structure of yak hair was weakened and damaged greatly and the noticeable changes on the surface shape took place. At the same time, a significant improvement in dyeing properties of yak hair fiber was exhibited.

Relationships between Species of Dyestuff Precursor and Dyeability in Hair Colouring Made by Enzymatic Oxidation Technique Using Bio-Catechols

In the study, hair colouring by utilising enzymatic oxidation of nine species of bio-catechols, which are biobased materials having the catechol (o-dihydroxybenzene) group, was examined. The bio-catechols used are (+)-catechin (Cat), (-)-epicatechin (EC), L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), hematoxylin (HX), brazilin (BZ), rosmarinic acid (RA), caffeic acid (CA), chlorogenic acid (ChA) or ellagic acid (EA). The dyeability of human white hair samples dyed by two kinds of dyeing methods using the bio-catechols was compared. First one is dyeing hair during the enzymatic oxidation of a bio-catechol dye precursor in a dye solution (simultaneous oxidation dyeing method). Second one is dyeing hair by oxidising enzymatically the precursor on hair, which is pre-treated with a bio-catechol solution (post-oxidation dyeing method). The results show that the bio-catechols except EA are oxidised to give colourants and Cat, EC, DOPA, HX and BZ are available for hair dyeing. Overall, the dyeability of simultaneous oxidation dyeing method is higher than that of post-oxidation one. The colour of the hair dyed by simultaneous method is yellowish brown for Cat or EC, grey for DOPA, dark yellowish brown for HX or reddish brown for BZ, respectively. The most vivid or deepest colour of dyed hair is obtained by dyeing with Cat or HX, respectively, in the simultaneous technique. It was found that the bio-catechols having chroman (3, 4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran) structure in the molecule such as Cat, EC, HX and BZ are useful for hair colouring.

植物染发剂染色色牢度的研究

植物染发剂是近年来备受关注和追捧的一种染发方式,具有无刺激性、无毒副作用、可以调整染发色度和亮度等特点,越来越多的消费者选择使用植物染发剂染发。文章介绍了从颜色效果、染色牢度以及水质影响3个方面对海娜、靛蓝、木棉花、核桃叶4种植物染发剂进行的对比实验,实验采用完全随机设计方法,将植物染发剂随机分配给不同的实验组和对照组,设置不同的染发剂浓度和染发时间,以探究它们对染发效果和色牢度的影响。实验数据使用SPSS软件分析,并使用综合评价法对数据进行综合评估。评估得出,染发剂的染发效果和色牢度是一对矛盾体,选择染发剂时需考虑染发效果和色牢度之间的平衡,同时,水质也对染发效果和色牢度有重要影响。

高压脉冲电场对毛发染色效果的影响

为了研究高压脉冲电场对毛发染色效果的影响,试验以18~28岁年龄段人群的黑色头发和染发剂为试材,以染发后毛发的RGB(red green blue)模型提取值作为响应值,并采用等响应面试验法设计试验,以构建和分析高压脉冲电场的电场强度、脉冲宽度以及脉冲个数对毛发染色效果影响的数学模型和机理。试验结果表明:高压脉冲电场同时处理头发和染发剂后最高可提升RGB参数中的蓝色通道值B为3.7%,对应的最优化工艺化参数为:电场强度1125 V/mm、脉冲宽度175μs、脉冲个数52个。因此,高压脉冲电场对头发和染发剂进行处理后再进行染色可改善着色效果,并为毛发染色工艺优化奠定一定基础。

高效液相色谱法用于氧化型染发产品中42种限用染发剂的筛查和定量分析

建立了一种利用高效液相色谱筛查和定量分析氧化型染发产品中42种限用染发剂的方法。染发产品经亚硫酸氢钠水溶液-乙醇超声提取后,以0.02 mol/L乙酸铵水溶液-乙腈为流动相,在TechMate AQUA-STIII色谱柱上进行梯度洗脱和分离,选择235和280 nm作为检测波长,对42种染发剂进行一次性定性筛查,同时实现其中35种染发剂的定量分析,当筛查结果表明产品中含有2,6-二甲氧基-3,5-吡啶二胺盐酸盐、2-甲基-5-羟乙氨基苯酚等7种染发剂时,以0.02 mol/L乙酸铵水溶液-乙腈为流动相,在Waters Symmetry C_(18)色谱柱上进行等度洗脱,选择235 nm作为检测波长进行定量分析。结果表明:42种染发剂的方法检出限为10~101μg/g,定量限为33~337μg/g。在相应的线性范围内,42种染发剂色谱峰面积与质量浓度线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.9998。在4个不同含量水平下,各目标化合物的平均回收率在81.3%~119.6%之间,RSD不大于5%。

浅析染发剂对软包胶粘剂的腐蚀影响

本文以典型日化品-染发剂作为研究内容物,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、气相质谱联用仪(GC-MS)等仪器手段,系统地研究了其组成、迁移物质成分及其对软包胶粘剂的腐蚀及作用机理。

氧化型染发剂中对苯二胺等32种染料检测结果分析

根据《化妆品安全技术规范》(2015年版)以及国家药监局2021年第17号通告中对苯二胺等32种组分的测定方法,对湖南地区7个市抽样的31批次染发剂类化妆品进行检测,分析其中染料种类和含量。31批氧化型染发剂中共检出16种染料,其中间苯二酚、间氨基苯酚、对苯二胺3种染料的使用频率较高。染料的实际使用与标签标识和批件配方不一致的现象较严重,不合格率为41.9%。建议加强对染发剂类化妆品的监督管理。

脉冲染料激光治疗婴儿头皮血管瘤影响毛发生长的研究

目的探讨应用脉冲染料激光(PDL)治疗婴儿头皮血管瘤(IH)影响毛发生长的危险因素。方法通过回顾性研究38例接受PDL治疗并痊愈的头皮浅表血管瘤患儿,电话随访治疗结束以后至少2年的头发生长情况。结果随访时29例患儿头发生长基本恢复正常,6例患儿头发生长稀少,3例患儿头发完全缺失。瘤体面积≥1cm,PDL治疗次数>7次,平均治疗能量≥10J/cm²是影响毛发生长的主要风险因素(P<0.05)。结论对于头皮浅表血管瘤患儿,当瘤体面积≥1cm²、瘤体厚度增加时,建议采用PDL与其他方法联合治疗,可以减少激光治疗次数与治疗能量,以避免激光治疗引起脱发的风险。

氧化型染发剂中过氧化氢含量检测方法研究

简述过氧化氢在氧化型染发剂中的作用原理及对产品质量的影响,对氧化型染发剂中过氧化氢含量主要检测方法——化学滴定分析法(高锰酸钾法)、柱前衍生高效液相色谱法、柱后衍生高效液相色谱法、鲁米诺化学发光法及荧光光谱法进行对比分析。结果表明:柱后衍生高效液相色谱法具有较高的自动化、较宽的线性范围、较低的检测限、较稳定的回收率,优于其他三种检测方法,适合大批量快速检测,但此法操作相对复杂、分析成本较高;化学滴定分析法以其具有的操作简单、精密度低、分析成本低等优点,在染发剂中过氧化氢常量分析中仍然占据着重要地位。

基于高效液相色谱法的氧化型染发产品染发剂含量检测效果研究

建立高效液相色谱法,对9种氧化性染发产品染发剂含量进行检测。研究结果表明,9种氧化性染料在50~250μg/mL范围内呈良好线性,相关系数在0.9991~0.9999,均高于0.9990,检出限:10~84μg/g,定量限:34~279μg/g,测定回收率:88.2%~120.0%,标准偏差:1.2%~5.7%。基于高效液相色谱法对氧化性染发产品染发剂进行检测准确、便捷,适用于氧化性染发产品中多种染料成分的定量检测。